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History on the 24th of August

History
Date Text
24 Aug 0410 RELIGIOUS The Visigoths sacked Rome, disillusioning Christians who were trusting in God's protection of this ecclesiastical center of early Christianity. St. Augustine (354
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24 Aug 1456 RELIGIOUS In Mainz, Germany, volume two of the famed Gutenberg Bible was bound, completing a two-year publishing project, and making it the first full-length book to be printed using movable type.
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24 Aug 1572 RELIGIOUS The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre took place all across France, where thousands of French Protestants (Huguenots) were slaughtered. depleted the intellectual, educational and financial reserves of the French nation.
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24 Aug 1854 RELIGIOUS The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Iowa was organized by German Lutherans. In 1930 this synod merged with the synods of Ohio and Buffalo to form the American Lutheran Church.
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24 Aug 1906 RELIGIOUS Five Baptist congregations met at Jellico Creek, Whitley County, Kentucky, and formed the Church of God of the Mountain Assembly. The CGMA both pentecostal and holiness in doctrine reports a world membership today of 7,000.
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24 Aug 1912 WW2 Hazel Lee was born in Portland, Oregon, United States. 
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24 Aug 1912 WW2 The United States' District of Alaska was renamed the Territory of Alaska. 
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24 Aug 1916 WW2 HMS Valiant collided with HMS Warspite, causing some damage. 
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24 Aug 1918 WW2 Submarine R-1 was launched, sponsored by Mrs. George W. Dashiell. 
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24 Aug 1927 WW2 Oberon was commissioned into service. 
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24 Aug 1936 WW2 Philippine President Manuel Quezon granted Douglas MacArthur the title of field marshal in the Philippine Army. 
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24 Aug 1936 WW2 The new Soviet Ambassador, Marcel Rosenberg, arrived in Republican Spain. He was accompanied by a large number of Soviet "advisers". 
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24 Aug 1936 WW2 The Cunard White Star liner RMS Queen Mary, arrived in New York, United States having made the Atlantic crossing in 4 days 27 minutes and taking the Blue Riband from the French liner Normandie. 
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24 Aug 1937 WW2 Spanish General Sebastián Pozas’ Republican Army of the East commenced an offensive into Aragon from Catalonia with the object of capturing Saragossa. The Spanish Nationalist forces of General Miguel Ponte were pushed back in the north and south of the River Ebro over the course of the next month, but the Republicans were unable to dislodge them from the area around Saragossa, nor to capture Huesca (in the north) or Tereul (in the south). By the end of Sep 1937 the offensive had ceased to have any impetus and effectively grounded to a halt. 
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24 Aug 1937 WW2 Mutsu provided naval gunfire support off Shanghai, China. 
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24 Aug 1937 WW2 Three Chinese transports and eight captured Japanese transports were sunk at the mouth of the Yangtze River at Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China, adding more obstacles to prevent Japanese navigation. 
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24 Aug 1938 WW2 Japanese troops captured Ruichang, Jiangxi, China. 
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24 Aug 1938 WW2 Adolf Hitler asked his generals to evaluate the possibility of the conquest and occupation of Belgium and the Netherlands. 
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24 Aug 1939 WW2 The French Army called up its reserves. 
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24 Aug 1939 WW2 German warship Deutschland departed Germany on a raiding mission against British shipping. 
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24 Aug 1939 WW2 In Berlin, Germany, journalist William Shirer noted in his diary "it looks like war" based on his observations throughout the day. 
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24 Aug 1939 WW2 The British and the French delegation in Soviet Union requested further meetings with Kliment Voroshilov, who was slow to respond. 
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24 Aug 1939 WW2 The United Kingdom enacted emergency powers and partially mobilized the British military in preparation of war with Germany. Among the forces mobilized was the troops of General Pile's Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB). 
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24 Aug 1939 WW2 HMS Hermes was recommissioned into service. 
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24 Aug 1940 WW2 German submarine U-57 attacked Allied convoy OB-202 2 miles north of Ireland just after midnight; British ships Saint Dunstan and Cumberland were sunk, killing 14 and 4, respectively; British ship Havildar was damaged. German submarine U-48 sank British tanker La Brea, carrying 9,410 tons of fuel oil, 130 miles west of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom at 1414 hours, killing 2; 31 survived and made it to the Outer Hebrides on lifeboats. 500 miles west of Ireland, German submarine U-37 sank British ship Brookwood at 0314 hours, killing 1; 35 crew and 1 gunner would remain adrift for 5 days before being picked up by British merchant ship Clan Macbean. At 2038 hours, U-37 struck again, sinking British sloop HMS Penzance escorting Allied convoy SC-1, killing 90; 7 survivors were rescued by British ship Blairmore. 
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24 Aug 1940 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Atlantis sank British ship King City, carrying 7,300 tons of coal and coke for Singapore, 900 miles east of Madagascar, killing 6. Atlantis remained in the area, in very rough seas, to pick up the survivors. 
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24 Aug 1940 WW2 Bismarck was commissioned into service. 
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24 Aug 1940 WW2 Before dawn, the London Blitz began as a misguided group of German bombers of KG1 unloaded their bombs London's Thames Haven oil terminal, which also damaged the church of St. Gile in East End; Göring demanded to know the crews that did this so to punish them. Clear weather allowed the German attacks to restart in size. German bombers arrived in waves against RAF Hornchurch, RAF North Weald, and RAF Manston in southern England; the Germans lost 22 fighters and 18 bombers, while the British lost 20 fighters. At 1600 hours, 50 German aircraft bombed Portsmouth in southern England, killing 100 civilians and wounding a further 300, while damaging HMS Acheron (killing 2, wounding 3) and HMS Bulldog (killing the commanding officer) in the harbor. Overnight, deliberate bombing of London, England, United Kingdom began, hitting north, east, and west of the city. 
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24 Aug 1940 WW2 James Lacey shot down a German Ju 88 aircraft and a Do 17 bomber over Britain. 
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24 Aug 1940 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille scored his first kill, a British Hurricane Mk I fighter, over Kent, England, United Kingdom. While he was congratulated by his commanding officer, he was also reprimanded because he achieved the kill after abandoning his wingman to pursue the target. Later that evening, in his diary, he noted great sadness when he thought about the enemy pilot's mother not being able to see his son again. 
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24 Aug 1941 WW2 Romanian forces suffered heavy losses during the Soviet counter attack near Odessa, Ukraine. 
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24 Aug 1941 WW2 Vichy France passed anti-terrorist laws, punishable with death sentences, to deal with the resistance movement. 
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24 Aug 1941 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered the end of the euthanasia program that had already killed 70,273 mentally-ill people. Some doctors would continue to kill the mentally-ill through the end of the European War. 
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24 Aug 1941 WW2 Oberleutnant Hans Philipp became the 33rd member recipient of the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 Soviet Volkhov Front launched an offensive near Leningrad in northern Russia. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 US Marine Corps Major John L. Smith's VMF-223 Squadron based on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands accompanied by five USAAF P-39 fighters intercepted twenty-seven Japanese aircraft, shooting down ten bombers and fighters. Captain Marion E. Carl, who was to become the first USMC ace of the war, scored three of the kills. His Commanding Officer Major Smith would become the third Wildcat pilot to be awarded the Medal of Honour. Three Wildcat fighters were lost in the engagement. On the same day, 11 US Navy dive bombers arrived at Henderson Field as reinforcements. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 The US Army assumed command of the Amphibious Corps of the Atlantic Fleet, which was previously under the command of the US Marine Corps. The previous commanding officer, USMC Major General Holland Smith, was named the chief of the Amphibious Training Staff of the Fleet Marine Force and was relocated to Quantico, Virginia, United States. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 809 Japanese Special Naval Landing Force troops departed Rabaul, New Britain at 0700 hours aboard transports Nankai Maru and Kinai Maru, sailing for Milne Bay, Australian Papua. At about the same time, 450 Japanese Army troops departed Buna, Australian Papua aboard 7 barges, sailing for Goodenough Bay to support the Milne Bay invasion. The latter convoy was attacked by 12 Australian Kittyhawk fighters while stopped at Goodenough Island and all barges were destroyed. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 USS Guardfish sank Japanese passenger-cargo ship Seikai Maru off Sendai, Japan. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarine U-162 sank Dutch ship Moena 100 miles east of Barbados at 1113 hours; 4 were killed, 83 survived. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarine U-601 sank Soviet ship Kujbyshev in the Kara Sea 55 miles west of Dikson Island in northern Russia at 1409 hours; at 1442 hours, U-601 struck again, sinking tug Medvezhonok; all aboard both ships were killed. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 Soviet torpedo boat Burya and minesweeper T-204 struck mines and sank in the Gulf of Finland while attempting to sweep a German minefield. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 Tenryu departed Rabaul, New Britain. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 Shokaku suffered light damage from bomb fragments during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 A Japanese force centered around carriers Shokaku and Zuikaku sailed down into the Solomon Islands with light carrier Ryujo near the spearhead as bait to draw out US carriers known to be in the general area. In the ensuing Battle of the Eastern Solomons, Ryujo was promptly discovered and fatally damaged by several 1,000-pound bombs, but this in turn allowed aircraft from Shokaku and Zuikaku to locate USS Saratoga and USS Enterprise. Enterprise would suffer heavy damage by three bomb hits (70 were killed, 70 were injured). Japanese warships attempted to engage the US fleet after dark, but the force failed to locate the American fleet, and discontinued the search at 2330 hours. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 Mutsu escorted carriers during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing destroyer Hagikaze at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 226 British bombers (104 Wellington, 61 Lancaster, 53 Stirling, and 8 Halifax) attacked Frankfurt, Germany; most bombs missed their targets and fell on the villages of Schwalbach and Eschborn; 16 bombers were lost on this mission. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille met South African prisoner of war Corporal Mathew Letulu, whom the Germans called Mathias. Letulu would soon grow close to Marseille as his servant and friend. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 Marshal Georgy Zhukov was sent to Stalingrad, Russia to take over the defense. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 USS Tuscaloosa, USS Rodman, USS Emmons, and HMS Onslaught departed Murmansk, Russia. HMS Marne, HMS Martin, HMS Middleton, and HMS Blankney departed Arkhangelsk, Russia. Both groups of Allied warships were sailing for Iceland; some of them carried Soviet diplomats and survivors of various sunken or damaged merchant ships. At 2002 hours, German minelayer Ulm, which had departed Narvik, Norway at 0400 hours earlier on the same day, was attacked by HMS Onslaught, HMS Marne, and HMS Martin; Marne was hit twice in the engagement (4 were killed), but the British ships were able to sink Ulm at 2235 hours; 132 were killed, 54 survived (30 to 40 of whom were captured by the British). 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 The keel of submarine Cero was laid down by the Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut, United States. 
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24 Aug 1942 WW2 The keel of destroyer Luce was laid down at Bethlehem Mariners Harbor, Staten Island, New York, United States. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 Wilhelm Frick was named Protector of Bohemia and Moravia. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 Heinrich Himmler was appointed as Minister of the Interior of Germany. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 In Denmark, bomb incidents and strikes marked growing resistance. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Tunny detected a 6-ship Japanese convoy near the Toagel Mlungui Pass in the Palau Islands early in the morning and stalked the convoy for the remainder of the day. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 The 1st (French) Motorised Infantry Division was created from the 1st Free French Division and was sent to Italy as a part of the French Expeditionary Force in Apr 1944. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 US Marine Corps Colonel William Brice moved the headquarters of his Fighter Command to the Munda Point airfield on New Georgia in the Solomon Islands. On this date, the responsibility of Commander, Aircraft, New Georgia was also merged under his command. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 1,260 Polish Jewish children from the liquidated Bialystok ghetto in Poland arrived at Theresienstadt Concentration Camp in occupied Czechoslovakia. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 Ilse Koch was arrested by the SS for corruption. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Harder departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her second war patrol. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Whale damaged an oiler and a freighter in a Japanese convoy 37 kilometers west of Kusagaki Islands, Japan in the East China Sea, hitting them with 2 of 4 torpedoes fired. 
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24 Aug 1943 WW2 The keel of submarine Spot was laid down at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California, United States. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Operation Goodwood III: British carrier aircraft (33 Barracuda dive bombers, 10 Hellcat fighters, 5 Corsair fighters, 29 other fighters) from HMS Indefatigable, Furious, and Formidable attacked German battleship Tirpitz, scoring 2 hits. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Aircraft of No. 466 Squadron RAAF conducted minelaying operations off of Helgoland, Germany. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Germans evacuated Bordeaux, France and took up fortified positions on the Gironde River outside the city. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Six members of a Liberator bomber crew shot down near Hanover, Germany were beaten to death by a mob of German civilians led by sisters Margarethe Witzler and Kathe Reinhardt. One of the victims, left for dead in the pile of battered bodies, survived to tell the tale. In Aug 1945, seven of the mob, including the sisters, were sentenced to hang by a US military commission. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Allied forces liberated Cannes in southern France. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Distrustful of the Army, Adolf Hitler ordered construction of a new Westwall under Nazi Party supervision. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Soviet troops captured Kishinev, Moldova. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Pollack attacked a Japanese freighter with three torpedoes in the Pacific Ocean; all torpedoes missed. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Louis Mountbatten arrived in Colombo, Ceylon. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Marcus Island arrived at Tulagi, Solomon Islands. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Columbia arrived in the Solomon Islands. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Italian 10th MAS Flotilla's "Mataluno Column" was relocated from Sesto Calende, Italy to Villefranche-sur-Mer, France. Operations began on the same day. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Princess Mafalda of the House of Savoy, wife if Prince Philipp of the House of Hesse, was seriously injured by Allied bombing at Buchenwald Concentration Camp near Weimar, Germany, where she was imprisoned. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Whale departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her ninth war patrol. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 Submarines USS Harder and USS Hake attacked two Japanese destroyers off Dasol Bay, Luzon, Philippine Islands, but was in turn subjected to a heavy depth charge attack. USS Harder was sunk with all hands lost. 
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24 Aug 1944 WW2 The Romanian Royal Guards blocked the German attempt to occupy Bucharest as Romania declared war on Germany. German Luftwaffe responded by bombing the Royal Palace. 
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24 Aug 1945 WW2 Shizuichi Tanaka committed suicide by firing a pistol into his heart. 
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24 Aug 1945 WW2 Japan agreed that the first Allied troops on the homeland would be paratroopers. 
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24 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Segundo was ordered to sail for Tokyo Bay, Japan. 
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24 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Whale arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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24 Aug 1945 WW2 The Kukutsu Prisoners of War Camp in northern Taiwan was closed. 
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24 Aug 1945 WW2 The city of Cleveland, Ohio, United States honored Bob Feller with a parade; hours later, he played in his first professional post-WW2 baseball game. 
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24 Aug 1948 WW2 USS Bugara arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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24 Aug 1949 WW2 USS Segundo completed her overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, California, United States. 
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