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History on the 25th of August

History
Date Text
25 Aug 0325 RELIGIOUS The General Council of Nicea ended. This first ecumenical conclave in the history of the Church was attended by 300 bishops, who together established the Nicene Creed and set down the lunar formula for celebrating Easter.
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25 Aug 1560 RELIGIOUS Protestantism was formally adopted at the First General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. Scottish Parliament had earlier voted to accept a Calvinist confession of faith, declaring that the pope no longer had jurisdiction over Scotland.
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25 Aug 1817 RELIGIOUS Joseph Mohr, 25, began serving as pastor of the St. Nicholas Church in Oberndorf, Austria. (It was Christmas Eve, 1818, when Mohr and church organist Franz Gruber, together, produced the enduring Christmas carol, "Stille Nacht"/"Silent Night.")
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25 Aug 1864 RELIGIOUS Birth of John Henry Jowett, English Congregational clergyman. In 1918, he succeeded G. Campbell Morgan as pastor of the famed Westminster Chapel in London.
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25 Aug 1914 WW2 The first German aircraft to be forced down during WW1 was a two-seat reconnaissance aircraft involved in a confrontation with three unarmed British aircraft of No. 2 Squadron RFC. 
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25 Aug 1914 WW2 The German wireless station at Kamina in Togoland which linked Germany's African colonies with Nauen in Germany was destroyed following a British invasion by the Gold Coast Regiment. 
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25 Aug 1914 WW1 Begin of Siege of Maubeuge
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25 Aug 1914 WW1 Begin of Destruction of Louvain
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25 Aug 1916 WW2 Saburo Sakai was born in Saga, Japan. 
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25 Aug 1921 WW2 Dr. Robert Lovett diagnosed Franklin Roosevelt with poliomyelitis; this was supported by Dr. E. H. Bennett. 
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25 Aug 1922 WW2 Prince Josias married Duchess Altburg, daughter of Grand Duke Friedrich August II of Oldenburg, in Rastede, Germany. 
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25 Aug 1932 WW2 Song Ziwen was named the acting chief of the Executive Yuan. 
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25 Aug 1932 WW2 Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels traveled from Berlin to Berchtesgaden in München-Oberbayern, Germany. 
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25 Aug 1935 RELIGIOUS English Bible expositor Arthur W. Pink wrote in a letter: 'None but the Lord himself can afford us any help from the awful workings of unbelief, doubtings, carnal fears, murmurings. Thank God one day we will be done forever with "unbelief."'
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25 Aug 1937 WW2 The Spanish Nationalists captured Santander, Spain almost unopposed. 
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25 Aug 1937 WW2 Chinese light cruisers Haiqi, Hairong, Haichen, and Haichou were sunk at the mouth of the Yangtze River at Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China, adding more obstacles to prevent Japanese navigation. Later in the day, 16 Japanese carrier aircraft from Kaga attacked and sank Chinese light cruiser Yixian; two Japanese aircraft were lost in the attack. 
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25 Aug 1937 WW2 Hairong was scuttled in the Yangtze River at Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China to block Japanese movement up river. 
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25 Aug 1937 WW2 Haichou was scuttled in the Yangtze River at Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China to block Japanese movement up river. 
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25 Aug 1937 WW2 Haichen was scuttled in the Yangtze River at Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China to block Japanese movement up river. 
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25 Aug 1938 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at San Francisco, California, United States. 
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25 Aug 1939 WW2 Soviet forces linked up at Nomonhan, Mongolia Area, China, enveloping Japanese 23rd Infantry Division. 
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25 Aug 1939 WW2 In the morning, Adolf Hitler sent a message to Benito Mussolini, noting that the reason why Italy was not informed of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact was because Hitler had not imagined the negotiations would conclude so quickly. He also revealed to him that war was to commence soon, but failed to let him know that the planned invasion date was on the following day. Later on the same day, however, Hitler hesitated in the face of the Anglo-Polish mutual defense agreement; he would quickly decide to postpone the invasion date. Meanwhile, in Berlin, Germany, journalist William Shirer noted in his diary that war seems to be imminent. 
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25 Aug 1939 WW2 Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in Berlin, Germany. 
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25 Aug 1939 WW2 Kliment Voroshilov rejected the request from the British and French delegation, noting that since Germany and the Soviet Union had just signed a non-aggression pact, a military treaty with the western powers was no longer possible. In light of this new development, a renewed mutual defense agreement was signed between the United Kingdom and Poland. 
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25 Aug 1939 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt wrote to Adolf Hitler in an attempt to maintain peace. 
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25 Aug 1940 WW2 Battleship Bismarck fired 52 3.7cm and 400 2cm shells against raiding British aircraft without any hits. 
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25 Aug 1940 WW2 Allied convoy HX-65 from Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada to Liverpool, England, United Kingdom was tracked and attacked by German submarines all day; at 0245 hours, German submarine U-48 sank the ship Empire Merlin (35 were killed and 1 was rescued by corvette HMS Godetia) and tanker Athelcrest (30 were killed and 6 were rescued by HMS Godetia) 90 miles north of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland; at 0748 hours, German submarine U-57 sank tanker Pecten (49 were killed and 8 were rescued) 75 miles north of Ireland; between 2350 and 2356 hours, German submarine U-124 fired four torpedoes at the convoy 23 miles north of the Outer Hebrides, sinking British ships Harpalyce (42 were killed) and Fircrest (entire crew of 39 was lost), while damaging Stakesby. Also on this date, German submarine U-37 sank British ship Blairmore 500 miles west of Ireland at 0146 hours; 5 were killed and 36 were rescued by Swedish ship Eknaren. Closer to the Irish coast, German submarine U-100 sank British ship Jamaica Pioneer, killing 2. At about 2345 hours, U-37 struck again, sinking British ship Yewcrest. 
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25 Aug 1940 WW2 81 British Hampden bombers of No. 49 and No. 50 Squadrons attacked Berlin, Germany in the first retaliation attack for the raid on London, England. Clouds led to bombs falling largely in suburban lawns and gardens, killing only 6. Nevertheles, Luftwaffe chief Hermann Göring was shocked and embarrassed that the British bombers were able to get through in such great numbers. 
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25 Aug 1940 WW2 At 1700 hours, German bombers attacked RAF Warmwell and the harbor of Dover in Britain; during the defense, Czechoslovakian pilot Count Manfred Czernin, flying a Hurricane fighter for the RAF, shot down three Bf 110 fighters in one minute. Overnight, German bombers attacked South Wales, Bristol, Birmingham, and other cities in the Midlands area of England, United Kingdom. In total, the Germans lost 38 fighters and 14 bombers, while the British lost 16 fighters and 2 bombers. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 The United Kingdom and the Soviet Union jointly attacked pro-German regime in Iran. While the British troops crossed the western border and Soviets to the north, the respective ambassadors in Tehran demanded Iran to accept British and Soviet protection of oil supplies. British forces sank two small Iranian warships. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 German submarine U-752 sank Soviet minesweeping trawler T-898 in the Barents Sea 80 miles east of Cape Chernyi, northern Russia at 1011 hours; 41 were killed, 2 survived. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 British anti-submarine trawler HMS Vascama and a British Catalina aircraft sank German submarine U-452 with depth charges in the North Sea, killing all 42 aboard. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 The German Navy placed orders for 61 submarines to be constructed. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 Destroyer HMS Wolsey rammed and sank British minesweeper Kos XVI (with Norwegian crew) 30 miles off Grimsby, England, United Kingdom just before midnight. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 Richard "Dick" Winters enlisted in the US Army. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 German Navy issued the order to build the future submarine U-869. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 Submarine Finback was launched, sponsored by Mrs. A. E. Watson. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 A British RAF Catalina Mk. 1 of No. 209 Squadron cooperating with naval forces sank German submarine U-453 off Iceland. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 Pierre Laval was shot four times by student Paul Collete as he saw off French volunteers going off to fight with the Germans in Russia. Laval survived the assassination attempt, but was seriously wounded particularly by a bullet that penetrated his body about an inch from his heart. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 Held responsible for the failure of the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain, and believing that his superiors had abandoned him, and convinced that his arch rival Inspector General Erhard Milch was plotting his down fall, the normally ebullient Ernst Udet (who was already showing signs of illness through depression and strain) reported sick. His duties were assumed by Milch. 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 Benito Mussolini arrived at Adolf Hitler's Wolfsschanze headquarters in eastern Germany (now Poland). 
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25 Aug 1941 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille returned to Ain el Gazala, Libya from his home leave in Berlin, Germany to Libya. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 The Duke of Kent, younger brother of King George VI of the United Kingdom, was killed when the flying boat in which he was travelling crashed near Wick. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 USS Santee was commissioned into service. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 US Navy SBD Dauntless dive bombers damaged light cruiser Jintsu and destroyer Uzuki off Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 Japanese troops captured Ocean and Nauru Islands. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 German troops captured Mozdok, Russia, 50 miles west of Grozny. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarines attacked Allied convoy ONS-122 in the middle of the North Atlantic, with U-605 sinking British ship Katvaldis (3 were killed, 40 survived) and British ship Sheaf Mount (31 were killed, 20 survived) at 0145 hours, U-176 sinking British ship Empire Breeze at 0200 hours (1 was killed, 48 survived), and U-438 sinking Norwegian ship Trolla at 0205 hours; convoy escorts counterattacked with depth charges, lightly damaging 6 submarines and seriously damaging U-174 and U-256. After a 12-hour chase, U-604 sank Dutch merchant ship Abbekerk 15 miles to the southeast of ONS-122 at 0348 hours; 2 were killed, 62 survived. German submarine U-130 sank British ship Viking Star 160 miles south of Freetown, British West Africa at 1944 hours; 7 were killed, 54 survived. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarines U-164 and U-558 attacked Allied convoy WAT-15 between Jamaica and Haiti, sinking Dutch ship Stad Amsterdam (3 were killed, 35 survived) and British ship Amakura (13 were killed, 31 survived). 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 USS Seawolf sank Japanese transport Showa Maru 50 miles east of Borneo, Dutch East Indies. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 British destroyers HMS Marne, HMS Martin, and HMS Onslaught sank German minelayer Ulm 250 miles north of Norway at 2200 hours; 80 were killed, 101 survived (61 of whom would be rescued by the British destroyers before German aircraft arrived to drive away the ships). 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 Admiral Scheer spotted Soviet ice breaker Alexander Sibiyakov in the Kara Sea at 1100 hours. At 1500 hours, Admiral Scheer sank Alexander Sibiyakov, killing 80; the Soviet ship was able to send out a distress signal before her sinking. At 1545 hours, Admiral Scheer intercepted a radio message from the Soviet Western Sector Command Headquarters of Northern Sea Route Main Directorate, informing Soviet ships of her presence. Out of precaution, Admiral Scheer turned to the northwest, away from known Soviet bases. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 Raizo Tanaka was wounded during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons while aboard light cruiser Jintsu. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 809 Japanese Special Naval Landing Force troops and 2 Type 95 Ha-Go tanks landed at Waga Waga, Australian Papua on Milne Bay at 2230 hours. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 Tenryu covered the landing of 1,200 troops of the Kure No. 5 Special Naval Landing Force at Milne Bay, Australian Papua. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 Before dawn, Japanese destroyers Kagero, Isokaze, Kawakaze, Mutsuki, and Yayoi bombarded Henderson Field, Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands, causing little damage. At 0600 hours, six SBD dive bombers from Henderson Field attacked a Japanese convoy 64 miles northeast of Santa Isabel Island, sinking troop transport Kinryu Maru and damaging cruiser Jintsu (24 were killed). Four US Army B-17 bombers arrived shortly after, sinking Japanese destroyer Mutsuki (41 were killed, 11 were injured) as Mutsuki rescued survivors from the Kinryu Maru sinking. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 Japanese submarine I-165 sank British ship Harmonides 250 miles south of Ceylon; 14 were killed. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 Joseph Stalin declared Stalingrad, Russia to be in a state of siege, but ordered all heavy factories to remain in position to supply combat vehicles directly to front line units. Meanwhile, German 6th Army continued the attempt to break into the city from the north, but making little advance. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 Nine German-trained saboteurs arrived in Chechya to aid anti-Soviet rebel forces. 
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25 Aug 1942 WW2 USS Growler sank Japanese auxiliary gunboat Senyo Maru 20 miles southwest of Taiwan. 
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25 Aug 1943 WW2 Shokaku sortied from Truk. 
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25 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Tunny attacked a 6-ship Japanese convoy with five torpedoes at 0140 hours and another six torpedoes at dawn; the subsequent depth charge attack caused no damage. She surfaced at noon and found that the convoy had already departed the area. 
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25 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Finback fired two torpedoes at a Japanese transport in the Dutch East Indies; all torpedoes missed. 
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25 Aug 1943 WW2 The V Amphibious Corps (VAC) under the command of Major General Holland Smith was formed at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii out of the earlier Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet (PhibCorpsPacFlt) that had been in existence since Apr 1942. VAC was formed to be the amphibious landing force for Fifth Fleet to support Central Pacific operations and its first mission was to seize the Gilbert Islands, including the controversial assault on Tarawa. 
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25 Aug 1943 WW2 Louis Mountbatten was officially named the Supreme Allied Commander, Southeast Asia. 
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25 Aug 1943 WW2 From his headquarters in Brisbane, Australia, George Kenney cabled Henry Arnold, noting that 10% of his parafrag bombs had been depleted and requesting Arnold to intervene with the logistics sections located in the US. 
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25 Aug 1943 WW2 Americans captured Bairoko Harbor on New Georgia in the Solomon Islands. 
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25 Aug 1943 WW2 The Foggia airfield in Italy was attacked by Allied fighters and bombers. 
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25 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Alabama transited the Panama Canal. 
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25 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo arrived at Midway Atoll. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Cod arrived at Fremantle, Australia, ending her fourth war patrol. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Tang sank Japanese tanker Nanko Maru No. 8 with two torpedoes. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 Finland began secret negotiations with the Soviet Union. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Tunny arrived in the South China Sea. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 Soviet 3rd Baltic Front captured Tartu, Estonia. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 The French 2nd Armoured Division entered Paris, France. De Gaulle moved his headquarters into the War Ministry in Paris on the same day with the approval of Eisenhower. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Night Air Group 42 (CVLG(N)-42) commissioned. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 British 8th Army launched Operation Olive against the eastern end of the German Gothic Line in Italy, with Polish and Canadian troops on the spearhead. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 Irako departed Moji, Japan as a part of convoy HI-73 at 0630 hours. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 Italian motor torpedo boats claimed the sinking of an Allied destroyer in the Mediterranean Sea; this sinking was not confirmed. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 Allied reconnaissance aircraft flew over Auschwitz Concentration Camp and took photographs of the complex. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 The headquarters of NKVD rear guard troops of Soviet 3rd Byelorussian Front ordered Soviet troops to disarm and detain all Polish Home Army troops who were attempting to pass through Soviet lines toward Warsaw, Poland. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 King Mihai I of Romania called for war with Germany. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 Allied convoy JW-59 arrived at the Kola Inlet near Murmansk, Russia. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 US reconnaissance aircraft took photographs of Okayama Airfield and Okayama Aircraft Factory north of Takao (now Kaohsiung), Taiwan.  
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Wake Island completed her repairs at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, Virginia, United States. 
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25 Aug 1944 WW2 Max Merten received orders to evacuate from Yugoslavia. 
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25 Aug 1945 WW2 Willis Lee passed away. 
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25 Aug 1945 WW2 John Birch passed away. 
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25 Aug 1945 WW2 Jonathan Wainwright arrived at Chongqing, China. 
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25 Aug 1945 WW2 Soviet UKR SMERSH agents captured Cossack leader Lieutenant General D. F. Semenov at Dalian, Liaoning, China. 
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25 Aug 1945 WW2 Emperor Bao Dai abdicated, ending Nguyen Dynasty Vietnam. 
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25 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Pintado arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her sixth and final war patrol. 
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25 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Miami arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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25 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Wasp sailed through a typhoon in the Pacific Ocean. 
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25 Aug 1945 WW2 The Churon Temporary Prisoners of War Camp in northern Taiwan was opened. 
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25 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Mero departed from port and prepared for her shakedown cruise. 
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25 Aug 1946 WW2 The fleet tug HMS Buccaneer was sunk by accident during a gunnery practice 
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