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History on the 1st of September

History
Date Text
01 Sep 1913 WW2 Henry Arnold was assigned to 13th Infantry Regiment. 
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01 Sep 1914 WW2 Roger Backhouse was promotoed to the rank of captain. 
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01 Sep 1915 WW2 Bretagne was commissioned into service. 
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01 Sep 1915 WW2 Rear Admiral Moshiro Iwasaki was named the Chief of Staff of the Mako naval port at Pescadores islands, Taiwan. 
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01 Sep 1916 WW2 Renown was commissioned into service. 
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01 Sep 1916 WW2 The keel of British battlecruiser Hood was laid down. 
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01 Sep 1917 WW2 Friedrich Christiansen was named the commanding officer of the German naval air station at Zeebrugge, Belgium. 
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01 Sep 1917 WW2 The German 8th Army attacked Riga, Latvia in an attempt to bring about the downfall of the Provisional Government and force Russia to sue for peace. Apart from some resistance by one division whose commander had somehow managed to rally his men, most Russian soldiers refused to fight and melted away (their officers being killed by the deserters on frequent occasions). 
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01 Sep 1921 WW2 The US battleship Washington (BB47) was launched by New York Shipbuilding but was cancelled as a consequence of the Washington Treaty of 1922 before completion. 
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01 Sep 1923 WW2 The first three combat legions of the Italian Blackshirts were mobilized and sent to Libya. 
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01 Sep 1923 WW2 Mutsu transported food and medical supplies for victims of the Great Kanto Earthquake. 
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01 Sep 1923 WW2 Prince Kotohito was inside his family mansion at Odawara, Japan when the Kanto Earthquake of 1923 struck; the building suffered damage but he escaped with minimal injuries. 
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01 Sep 1924 WW2 Takio Izawa was named the governor-general of Taiwan. 
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01 Sep 1927 WW2 Aoba was commissioned into service. 
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01 Sep 1927 WW2 Kinugasa was commissioned into service. 
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01 Sep 1930 WW2 The keel of cruiser Astoria was laid down. 
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01 Sep 1932 WW2 Fregattenkapitän Otto Schniewind took command of cruiser Köln. 
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01 Sep 1932 WW2 Ninghai was commissioned into service, Captain Gao Xianshen (former commanding officer of Hairong) in command. 
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01 Sep 1932 WW2 Kenkichi Ueda was attached to the Japanese Army General Staff. 
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01 Sep 1935 WW2 Capitaine de vaisseau Lathan was named the commanding officer of Jeanne d'Arc. 
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01 Sep 1935 WW2 Robert von Greim was promoted to the rank of Oberstleutnant. 
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01 Sep 1936 WW2 Drayton was commissioned into service. 
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01 Sep 1937 WW2 With the capture of Bilbao and Santander the only remaining Spanish Republican stronghold in the north of Spain was Gijón and its surrounding area. The Spanish Nationalists, led by Generals Antonio Aranda and José Solchaga, launched an offensive through the mountains of Leon and along the coast from the east to capture Gijón. General Aranda's forces, however, were unable to break through the mountain passes, which were strongly held by Asturian troops, until a Navarrese force, under General Solchaga's command, captured the village of Infiesto a month later, thus outflanked the mountain defences and forced the Asturians into a retreat. 
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01 Sep 1937 WW2 In China, under the command of Itagaki Seishiro, Japanese 5th Division and 11th Mixed Brigade marched from Beiping toward Chahar and Shanxi Provinces. 
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01 Sep 1937 WW2 Light carrier Hosho departed Shanghai, China. 
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01 Sep 1937 WW2 Xinjiang provincial forces under Ma Shengkuei captured Kashgar, Xinjiang, China without opposition. 
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01 Sep 1937 WW2 Capitaine de vaisseau Auphan was named the commanding officer of Jeanne d'Arc. 
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01 Sep 1937 WW2 No. 5 Group, RAF Bomber Command was established under the command of Air Vice-Marshal Arthur Travis with its headquarters at RAF Mildenhall in Suffolk, England, United Kingdom. 
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01 Sep 1938 WW2 General Franz Halder was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the German Army (Oberkommando des Heeres), succeeding General Ludwig Beck. He was the first Catholic to be assigned this position. 
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01 Sep 1938 WW2 Masafumi Arima stepped down as the commanding officer of converted seaplane tender Kamikawa Maru and was made a commanding officer of Sasebo Naval Air Corps in Japan. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Sweden all proclaimed their neutrality in the European War; Germany pledged to respect Norway's and Sweden's sovereignty. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 12 Swordfish torpedo bombers of 814 Naval Air Squadron landed aboard HMS Hermes to join her air crew. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 France mobilized its military. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 Germany placed a curfew on German Jews: 9pm in the summer, 8pm in the winter. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 As the Free City of Danzig ceased to exist, Gauleiter Albert Forster's title of State President of the Free City of Danzig was abolished. He would soon be named the Gauleiter and Reichstatthalter of Danzig-West Prussia. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler authorized Reichsleiter Bouhler and Dr. Brandt to "grant merciful deaths" for the mentally ill and those who were suffering from incurable diseases. This was the beginning of Action T4 euthanasia program. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 Reinhard Heydrich presided a meeting attended by the heads of Security Police and Commanders of Special Units, during which the deportation of the "remaining 30,000 Gypsies" from Germany to the soon-to-be-conquered territory of Poland was ordered. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 The Iron Cross awards were established in Germany as an award for those who displayed bravery in combat or in command of military personnel. Four grades were specified: Iron Cross 2nd Class, Iron Cross 1st Class, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 Britain and France turned to Italy in response to his proposal to revamp the conditions of the Versailles Treaty rather than declaring war on Germany. Meanwhile, Italy declared itself a non-belligerent nation in the European War. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler relieved Italy from having to fight in the war against Poland and possibly with the western powers in writing, asking only for political and economic support. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 Using the staged Gleiwitz radio station attack as an excuse, Germany declared war on Poland. Meanwhile, the radio station in Minsk, Byelorussia increased the frequency of station identification and extended its playing time in an attempt to help German aviators navigate. Among the opening acts of the European War, the German Luftwaffe bombed the town of Wielu in Poland, causing 1,200 civilian casualties. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 Over Warsaw, Poland, Oberst Walter Grabmann's Messerchmitt Bf 110 squadron (I.(Z)/Lg.1) led by Hauptmann Schleit, shot down five Polish PZL P.11 fighters whilst escorting the Heinkel He 111P bombers of II/KG.1. He sustained wounds as one of the P.11 fighters damaged his Bf 110 fighter. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 Moscow City Party Committee secretary Semyon Korytny was executed for the crime of having married the sister of military leader Iona Yakir, a perceived enemy of Joseph Stalin. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 General mobilisation began in the United Kingdom. On the civilian front, three million women and children were evacuated from London and other large cities, though most of these will return when the anticipated air raids do not materialise. Also, Air Raid Precautions were introduced and a blackout enforced from sunset to sunrise. 
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01 Sep 1939 WW2 Henry Arnold submitted a report on the organization of US Army air units and recommendations on doctrine to US Army Chief of Staff George Marshall. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 British Destroyer HMS Ivanhoe sank after hitting a mine off the Dutch coast. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 British minesweeping trawler HMT Royalo hit a mine and sank off Penzance, Cornwall, England; 7 were killed. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 British submarine HMS Sunfish collided with patrol launch Mesme shortly after departing Grangemouth, Scotland, United Kingdom. Mesme sank with the entire crew of 3 lost. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 German submarine U-101 sank Greek ship Efploia 100 miles northwest of Ireland just after 0000 hours; the entire crew survived on two lifeboats and were rescued by British destroyer HMS Anthony. 200 miles west of Isle of Lewis, Scotland, United Kingdom at 1725 hours, U-32 attacked British cruiser HMS Fiji, killing 5 and badly damaging the ship; Fiji would be able to sail to the Clyde, Scotland under her own power for repairs. To the south, near Brest, France, British submarine HMS Tigris sank the small French fishing vessel Sancte Michael with the deck gun. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 Cruisers HMS Orion and HMAS Sydney and destroyers HMS Decoy and HMS Ilex shelled the Italian Dodecanese islands of Scarpanto (now Karpathos) and Stampalia (now Astypalea) in the Aegean Sea. HMS Ilex rammed and sank Italian motor torpedo boat MAS537. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 Otto Skorzeny was promoted to the rank of Oberscharführer and was transferred to the 2nd SS Division "Das Reich". 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 German naval shipping began to move from North Sea ports to ports to the south in preparation for the invasion of Britain. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 Vyacheslav Molotov complained that the Second Vienna Arbitration was in violation of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed in 1939. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 The Italian Navy established a frogmen training school at the Naval Academy at Livorno, Italy under the command of Lieutenant Wolk. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 The coke-fired two-retort furnace in the Auschwitz Concentration Camp crematorium was put into service for the disposal of bodies. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 Formations of German fighters arrived in Britain in the morning to lure British fighters, but the tactic did not succeed. At 1100, 1330, and 1730 hours, large German raids attacked Debden, Biggin Hill, Hawkinge, Lympne, Kenley, Detling, Eastchurch, Tand Sherburn, as well as the Tilbury Docks in the East End of London. Luftwaffe lost 17 fighters and 8 bombers, while the RAF lost 15 fighters (with 6 pilots killed). Overnight, German bombers attacked Kent, Bristol Channel, and South Wales. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 In an unprecedented event in United States history, conscription in peace-time was signed into law by Franklin Roosevelt. 
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01 Sep 1940 WW2 The US Marine Corps Midway Detachment of the Fleet Marine Force, consisting of 9 officers and 168 enlisted Marines and approximately one-third of the 3rd Defense Battalion's equipment, was established. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 Cruiser Köln began supporting the invasion of Dagö and Ösel islands and disabled Soviet coastal batteries at Cape Ristna. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 All Jews above the age of six in Germany and occupied lands were ordered to wear the yellow Star of David with the word "Jude" inscribed in black within; this was to be effective 19 Sep 1941. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 The 9th Company of German Police Battalion 322 participated in the murder of more than 900 Jews from the Minsk area in Byelorussia. On the same day, the Police Regiment South reported shooting 88 Jews, and Battalion 320 reported shooting 380. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 Mineichi Koga was named the head of the China Area Fleet of the Japanese Navy. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 Battleships USS Idaho, USS Mississippi, and USS New Mexico, escorted by 2 cruisers and 13 destroyers, were dispatched to patrol the Denmark Strait to protect American merchant shipping. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 Nobutake Kondo was named the commanding officer of the Japanese 2nd Fleet. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 In China, the American Consul-General at Shanghai, the commander of the Yangtze Patrol, and the commanding officer of the 4th Marine Regiment at Shanghai recommended that all naval forces in China be withdrawn. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 Captain Chiaki Matsuda was named the commanding officer of Settsu. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 Vice Admiral Ikuta Sakamoto was named the commanding officer of Chinkai Guard District in southern Korea. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 Douglas MacArthur mobilized the Filipino military. 
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01 Sep 1941 WW2 The BI-1 rocket-powered prototype aircraft was ready for unpowered flight at Khimki, Moscow Oblast, Russia. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 USS Tunny was commissioned into service with Lieutenant Commander Elton Watters Grenfell in command. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 USAAF B-17 bombers damaged Japanese flying boat support ship Akitsushima. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 Having taken over responsibility for building the Wildcat fighter from Grumman's Bethpage factory (which was now going over to building the F6F-3 Hellcat for the US Navy), the Eastern Aircraft Division of General Motors completed and flew its first FM-1 Wildcat fighter. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-759 was spotted near Allied Convoy SC-97 500 miles east of the southern tip of Greeland in the North Atlantic; U-759 avoided the ramming attempt by Canadian corvette HMCS Morden but would succumb to depth charging by Morden; all 43 aboard were killed in U-759's sinking. 50 miles to the east, U-91 was damaged by a Catalina PBY aircraft of US Navy VP-73 squadron. 15 miles east of Cape Coast, Gold Coast, British West Africa, U-125 sank British ship Ilorin at 2206 hours; 33 were killed, 4 survived. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 Me 410 fighter took flight for the first time. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 Captured coast watchers Alan Kyle and Gregory Benham were executed by the Japanese on Mago Island near New Ireland. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 130 troops of the Japanese 5th Yokosuka Special Naval Landing Forces departed Rabaul, New Britain for Milne Bay, Australian Papua. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 Australian troops attacked from the KB Mission on the coast of Milne Bay in Australian Papua, pushing Japanese troops back toward Waga Waga. Further inland, Japanese 41st Regiment clashed with Australian 2/14th and 2/16th Battalions at Eora along the Kokoda Track, penetrating the Australian lines after sundown. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 US 6th Naval Construction Battalion arrived at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands aboard USS Betelgeuse; the unit was tasked to improve and expand Henderson Field. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 US B-17 bombers damaged Japanese flying boat support ship Akitsushima and destroyer Akikaze off Buka Island in the Solomon Islands. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing destroyer Yugiri at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 Before dawn, British Wellington bombers attacked German supply lines between Benghazi and Tobruk, Libya. The negative impact of such attacks was felt during the day, as only some of the Axis tanks was able to attack Allied lines at Alam el Halfa, Egypt due to inadequate fuel. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 231 British bombers launched to attack Saarbrücken, Germany but instead hit Saarlouis 13 miles to the northwest by mistake, killing 52 civilians; 4 bombers were lost on this mission. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 Shokaku was assigned to Support Force, Striking Force Main Body (3rd Fleet, Carier Division 1). 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille flew three sorties and shot down a total of 17 enemy aircraft (two Hurricane and two Spitfire fighters between 0826 and 0839 hours while escorting Stuka dive bombers to El Taqua in Libya, seven P-40 fighters between 1055 and 1103 hours near Alam Halfa, and five Hurricane fighters between 1747 and 1753 hours while escorting bombers toward El Imayid). His score at the end of the day stood at 121. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 German 1.Panzerarmee established a bridgehead across the Terek River near Mozdok in southern Russia. Soviet troops launched the Mozdok-Malgobek Defensive Operation in response. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 German aircraft sank Soviet torpedo boat Purga on Lake Ladoga near Leningrad, Russia. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 Soviet General Andrey Yeremenko pulled Soviet 62nd Army and 64th Army back near Stalingrad, Russia to avoid encirclement. 
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01 Sep 1942 WW2 German bombers attacked Lydd in southeastern England, United Kingdom. After sundown and lasting until the next date, Doncaster was attacked. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Snook performed lifeguard duty for carrier aircraft airmen. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 Chinese General He Yingqin tentatively planned to organize 45 divisions stationed in southern China into a cohesive force, Zebra Force, which Joseph Stilwell wished to establish. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 Rudolf von Schmettow was made the military governor of the Channel Islands for the second time, succeeding Erich Müller. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Cisco arrived at Brisbane, Australia. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Hangars A & R (main hangars) usably complete. Addition to land plane runways usably complete. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 Students gathered to protest at Piazza del Plebiscito, Naples, Italy. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Yokosuka, Japan. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 German and Estonian police surrounded the Vilna ghetto in Lithuania and began deporting Jews to forced labor camps in Estonia. The underground United Partisan Organization (FPO) issued a manifesto urging the ghetto residents to resist. After an abortive clash between the FPO and German forces, the Judenrat Chairman Jacob Gens reached an agreement with the Germans to fill the required deportee quota, 5,000 Jews,in exchange for the withdraw of German forces from the ghetto. A small number of Jews were able to escape the ghetto during the failed clash; some of them joined nearby resistance groups. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 Japanese 21st Air Flotilla at Saipan, Mariana Islands was disbanded. Its two air groups, Air Group 253 (fighters) and Air Group 751 (medium bombers) were reassigned to Rabaul, New Britain. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 Eleanor Roosevelt arrived at Auckland, New Zealand. 
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01 Sep 1943 WW2 Pope Pius XII, in a broadcast to the world, made an appeal for peace. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 Cruiser Köln conducted minelaying operations off southern Norway during this month. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 Montgomery was promoted to the rank of field marshal. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 In France, British XII Corps crossed the Somme River, Canadian forces captured Dieppe, and US Third Army captured Verdun. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 A Japanese aircraft attacked USS Tunny with four bombs, the first two of which caused a leak in a vent riser, among other damage. Her commanding officer decided to end the patrol early to receive repairs. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 Mutsu was struck from the Japanese Navy list. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 The US coastal minesweeper YMS-21 was lost after striking a mine off Toulon, France. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Pintado set sail for Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Becuna came across a Japanese soldier in a small boat; after taking the soldier prisoner, she sank the boat with machine gun fire. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Flying Fish departed Mios Woendi, Schouten Islands, Dutch East Indies. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 US troops began their attack on Brest, France. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 Dwight Eisenhower took direct command of all three Allied army groups operating in France, relieving Bernard Montgomery of this role. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 Having established a bridgehead over the Meuse River at Commercy and Verdun in France, the US Third Army runs out of petrol after outrunning their communications. It would not be until 5 Sep 1944 that some petrol was flown in to allow the advance to continue, but the Germans had been given vital days to arrange their defences and prepare to make a stand. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Bomb-proof powerhouse and equipment usably complete. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 Gurkha troops attacked Tavoleto, Italy. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden responded to Chaim Weizmann's 6 Jul 1944 request, rejecting Weizmann's request to bomb rail lines leading to Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland. 
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01 Sep 1944 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt visited Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd in Allamuchy, New Jersey, United States. After dinner, he departed for Hyde Park, New York, United States by train. 
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01 Sep 1945 WW2 British colonial secretary Franklin Gimson established a temporary government in Hong Kong. 
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01 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Saint Paul arrived in Tokyo Bay, Japan. 
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01 Sep 1945 WW2 Two US Marine Corps aircraft dropped surrender terms to the Japanese garrisons on Wotje and Maloelap Atolls in the Marshall Islands. 
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01 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Menhaden departed Balboa, Panama Canal Zone. 
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01 Sep 1947 WW2 About half of university students in the United States on this date were WW2 veterans. 
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01 Sep 1949 WW2 USS Manta's designation changed from ESS-299 to AGSS-299. 
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