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History on the 3rd of September

History
Date Text
03 Sep 1910 WW2 Dwight Eisenhower wrote to Senator Joseph Bristow inquiring the status of his request for entry into the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, United States or the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, United States. 
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03 Sep 1913 WW2 Lord Gort was appointed the aide-de-camp to General Officer Commanding London District Francis Lloyd. 
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03 Sep 1916 WW1 Begin of Battle of Guillemont
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03 Sep 1917 WW2 Four Gotha bombers attacked Chatham, England, United Kingdom. One bomb fell on a naval barracks killing 131 ratings. 
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03 Sep 1917 WW2 The American 1st Aero Squadron arrived in France. 
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03 Sep 1917 WW2 The German 8th Army captured Riga, Latvia and pushed on some distance beyond. 
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03 Sep 1919 WW2 Jan Smuts became the 2nd Prime Minister of South Africa. 
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03 Sep 1919 WW2 US General John Joseph Pershing was made General of the Armies, a rank unique in American military history. 
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03 Sep 1921 WW2 Prince Kotohito returned to Japan. 
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03 Sep 1925 WW2 The battleship HMS Nelson was launched at Vickers-Armstrong's Newcastle shipyard in England, United Kingdom. 
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03 Sep 1925 WW2 The US Navy airship Shenandoah broke in two during a squall at Caldwell, Ohio, United States, killing 14. 
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03 Sep 1935 WW2 Sir Malcolm Campbell set a new land speed record at Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, United States with a recorded speed of 301 mph. 
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03 Sep 1935 WW2 The keel of submarine Iride was laid down at the Odero-Terni-Orlando Navy Yard in Muggiani, La Spezia, Italy. 
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03 Sep 1936 WW2 Spanish Republican Catalan troops on Majorca, Spain, faced by a much stronger Spanish Nationalist Garrison (than that on Ibiza) under the command of Colonel Garcia Ruiz, were thrown back by a counter-attack supported by Italian fighters aircraft and bombers. The Republican force rapidly withdrew to the beaches and, covered by the guns of the battleship Jaime I, re-embark aboard the ships which had brought them. Meanwhile, on the mainland, Nationalist forces captured Talavera de la Reina. 
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03 Sep 1936 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at San Francisco, California, United States. 
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03 Sep 1937 WW2 The first British-built Bren gun fired in testing. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 German submarine U-30 torpedoed British passenger liner Athenia in the Atlantic Ocean. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 Otto Skorzeny was sent home from Trost Barracks, Vienna, Austria despite the outbreak of war due to the lack of instructors to train new recruits. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 The government of Belgium announced their neutral stance in the European War. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 At 0900 hours, British Ambassador in Germany Nevile Henderson delivered the British declaration of war to German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, effective at 1100 hours; British Commonwealth nations of New Zealand and Australia followed suit. France would also declare war later on this day, effective at 1700 hours. In the afternoon, Adolf Hitler issued an order to his generals, again stressing that German troops must not attack British and French positions. Finally, Hitler also sent a message to the Soviet Union, asking the Soviets to jointly invade Poland. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 German government issued orders that executions by members of the SS were to be carried out in concentration camps, effective 20 Sep 1939. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 The first RAF operation flight over Germany was a reconnaissance mission, but later in the night RAF bombers would conduct a leaflet raid. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler departed Berlin, Germany for the Eastern Front. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 55 Polish peasants at Truskolasy, Poland were executed. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 British General Edmund Ironside became the Chief of the Imperial Staff. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 British Member of Parliament Winston Churchill became the First Lord of the Admiralty, a post he had held during the Great War. 
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03 Sep 1939 WW2 The British government announced the immediate closure of all theatres, cinemas, music halls and other places of public entertainment. Football matches and other events likely to be attended by large crowds were banned, as was the blowing of whistles or sounding of horns. 
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03 Sep 1940 WW2 German submarine U-57 collided with Norwegian ship Rona at Brunsbüttel, Germany. U-57 sank with 6 lost; there were 19 survivors. She would later be raised to serve as a training ship. 
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03 Sep 1940 WW2 German submarine U-60 sank British collier Ulva about 150 miles southwest of Isle of Barra, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom at 0326 hours; 3 were killed and 17 survived. A British convoy escort vessel depth charged German submarine U-101 200 miles west of Ireland, damaging her and causing flooding, but U-101 would survive and reach Lorient, France on 16 Sep for repairs. 
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03 Sep 1940 WW2 Joachim von Ribbentrop denied that the Second Vienna Arbitration had violated any terms of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, as Vyacheslav Molotov had accused. Furthermore, Ribbentrop complained that the manner in which the Soviet Union had take over the Baltic States was in itself a violation of the pact. 
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03 Sep 1940 WW2 He Yingqin ordered Nationalist 18th Army to counter the Communist advance along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China. 
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03 Sep 1940 WW2 Vojtech Tuka convinced the Slovak assembly to enact Constitutional Law 210 which gave the government powers to establish anti-Semitic laws. 
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03 Sep 1940 WW2 Germany began planning Operation Sealion, the invasion of Britain. 
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03 Sep 1940 WW2 50 German Do 17 bombers escorted by 80 Bf 110 fighters and 40 Bf 109 fighters flew up the Thames Estuary in souther England, United Kingdom, then split up to hit RAF airfields at North Weald, Hornchurch, and Debden. All three airfields were badly damaged, but all remained operational. Biggin Hill also saw two minor raids on this date. Luftwaffe lost 17 fighters and 8 bombers, while the RAF lost 20 fighters and 2 bombers (to friendly fire). During a meeting on this date, Kesselring recommended Göring to cease the bombing of British fighter airfields because there were too many of them; instead, he suggested to bomb London and use the threat of civilian deaths to force large numbers of British fighters to come to battle. Overnight, German bombers attacked Kent, Liverpool, and South Wales. 
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03 Sep 1940 WW2 US President Franklin Roosevelt announced the destroyers-for-bases deal to the public. Captain Ferdinand L. Reichmuth, the commanding officer of destroyers of the US Navy Atlantic Squadron was placed in charge of the transfer of destroyers to Britain. 
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03 Sep 1940 WW2 Light cruiser USS St. Louis departed Norfolk, Virginia with Rear Admiral John F. Greenslade on board, who was placed in charge to survey land recently gained from the United Kingdom for building military bases. 
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03 Sep 1941 WW2 The equivalent of a whole Red Army Division under NKVD officers was sent south to round up and deport all the Soviet Union's ethnic Germans they could find. By Jan 1942, 800,000 Germans from all parts of the Soviet Union had been shipped eastward. 
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03 Sep 1941 WW2 Operation EGV.1, which involved an air attack on German targets at Tromsø, Norway by carrier aircraft from HMS Victorious, was cancelled due to lack of cloud cover. 
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03 Sep 1941 WW2 German bombers damaged British ship Fort Richepanse at noon in the Atlantic Ocean; at 2042 hours, German submarine U-567 caught up with the damaged ship 450 miles west of Ireland, sinking her with 41 deaths; 22 survived. 
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03 Sep 1941 WW2 In England, United Kingdom, Alan Brooke inspected 70 Welsh Young Soldiers’ Battalion at Duxford, A Company of 70th King's Royal Rifle Corps at Debden, and B Company of 70th King's Royal Rifle Corps at Castle Camp in the morning. After lunch with Prime Minister Winston Churchill, he inspected A and B Companies of 70th Suffolks regiment at Martlesham and A and B Companies of 70th Essex regiment at Southend. He was disappointed by the progress of the training of the Essex regiment. 
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03 Sep 1941 WW2 German and Romanian troops captured the village of Vakarzhany, Ukraine. 
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03 Sep 1941 WW2 Japanese aircraft sank Chinese vessel Ganlu at Bazhong, Sichuan Province, China. 
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03 Sep 1941 WW2 Experimental trials of gas chambers at Block II of Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland began, using Soviet prisoners of war as test subjects. Zyklon-B was used. 
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03 Sep 1941 WW2 Canadian Lieutenant-General Arthur Grasett MC, DSO (1888-1971), the former General Officer Commanding in Hong Kong, suggested to the Chiefs of Staff in London, England, United Kingdom that with the addition of two or more battalions, the colony's garrison would be strong enough to resist, for an extensive period, any Japanese seige. He further affirmed that Canada might be prepared to provide the battalions. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 Armed resistance was met during the German liquidation of Lahava ghetto, western Byelorussia. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 An attempt by Soviet forces in Leningrad, Russia to break out of the encirclement to meet relief forces failed. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 British destroyers HMS Vimy, HMS Pathfinder, and HMS Quentin sank German submarine U-162 northeast of Trinidad with depth charges, killing 2 in the process. 49 survivors were captured and sent to the United States as prisoners of war. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 US Marine Corps Brigadier General Roy Geiger arrived at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands along with the command echelon of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 After a 30-hour pursuit, German submarine U-109 sank British ship Ocean Might 200 miles south of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, French West Africa at 0050 hours; 4 were killed, 50 survived. At 0557 hours, U-107 attacked a group of British ships 5 miles off the coast of Portugal, sinking Penrose (2 were killed, 42 survived) and Hollinside (3 were killed, 48 survived). German submarine U-517 sank Canadian ship Donald Stewart in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Canada at 0756 hours; 3 were killed, 17 survived. German submarine U-162 attacked British destroyers HMS Vimy, HMS Pathfinder, and HMS Quentin without success 60 miles southeast of Barbados at 1805 hours; the British destroyers counterattacked with depth charges and ramming (by HMS Vimy); 2 of the 51 aboard were killed in U-162's sinking and the remainder were captured. Also on this day, British Whitley aircraft attacked U-660 and U-705 in the Bay of Biscay 400 west of Saint-Nazaire, France; U-705 was sunk with all 45 aboard killed. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 US Coast Guard troop transport Wakefield suffered an accidental fire 350 miles east of Boston, Massachusetts, United States at 1830 hours; as she was abandoned, cruiser USS Brooklyn, destroyer USS Mayo, and destroyer USS Madison took off all 1,590 aboard. Wakefield would later be towed to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada to be rebuilt. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 The US 5th Air Force was activated at Brisbane, Australia. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 Australian 2/9th Battalion attacked Japanese positions on the Milne Bay coast in Australian Papua while Australian 2/14th and 2/16th Battalions fell back to Myola Ridge on the Kokoda Trail. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 USS Flying Fish sank a Japanese patrol craft off Truk, Caroline Islands, hitting her with 1 of 2 torpedoes fired. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 Allied forces counterattacked in Egypt partially successfully, suffering heavy casualties in the process. Bernard Montgomery decided to call off the counterattack at 2230 hours, thus allowing Axis forces to withdraw. During the night, a group of British Valentine tanks became lost in a minefield; 12 of them were destroyed by mines while trying to get out. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down three fighters (British Sergeant M. Powers, Flight Lieutenant Canham, and Pilot Officer Bicksler) in his morning sortie between 0720 and 0728 hours over Egypt. In the afternoon sortie, he shot down two P-40 fighters (British Warrant Officer Stan Bernier and South African Lieutenant Ryneke) and a Spitfire fighter between 1508 and 1542 hours. At the end of the day, his score stood at 132. In Germany, Adolf Hitler reviewed and approved the nomination for Marseille to receive Diamonds to his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross medal; Hitler decided to personally award Marseille with this decoration before the end of the year. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-375 attacked a Palestinian convoy 5 miles north of Tartus, Syria-Lebanon at 1342 hours, sinking all three boats, sinking sailing vessel Miriam, sailing vessel Salina, an unidentified sailing vessel, and merchant ship Arnon. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 Roscoe Hillenkoetter was made the first permanent chief of the Intelligence Center of the Pacific Ocean Areas in Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, replacing temporary chief Joseph Rochefort. The ICPOA was a part of the US Navy Pacific Fleet. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 Nachi departed Paramushiro (Paramushir), Kurile Islands. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 USS Wahoo arrived at her patrol area west of Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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03 Sep 1942 WW2 The German 6.Armee and 4.Panzerarmee finally linked up near Stalingrad in southern Russia, but were rebuffed in their attempts to enter the city. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 The Jewish ghetto at Tarnów, Poland was closed and its residents deported; Amon Göth was placed in charge of the deportation. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 John Basilone arrived in New York, New York, United States. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Pollack sank Japanese cargo ship Tagonoura Maru off Japan with two of four toropedoes fired. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 Hauptmann Heinrich Höfer of the German Kampfgeschwader 55 wing was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 Nine RAAF Catalina aircraft based at Cairns, Queensland, Australia attacked Vunakanau Airfield, Lakunai Airfield, and Rapopo Airfield at Rabaul, New Britain, causing no damage and suffering no damage. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 Naka departed Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 Robert von Greim was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht radio report. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 The new Italian government signed a secret armistice with the Allies. Immediately after, Operation Baytown, the invasion of the Italian mainland, was launched across the Strait of Messina, with British and Canadian troops of British XIII Corps landing at Reggio Calabria without opposition. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 The personnel of US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214 were transported to Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 Eleanor Roosevelt departed Auckland, New Zealand for Australia. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 Japanese aircraft spotted USS Permit and attacked with bombs off Kwajalein, Marshall Islands; USS Permit escaped unscathed. 
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03 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Whale departed Midway Atoll. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 In Belgium, British Second Army captured Brussels and US First Army captured Tournai. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 US and French troops reached Lyon, France. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 Feldmarschal von Rundstedt took command of German forces in the West. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 Allied bombers conducted a raid on Belgrade, Yugoslavia. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 A B-17 Flying Fortress bomber was mistakenly directed to Düne Island, Helgoland, Germany; its original target was a German submarine pen. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 A National Day of Prayer was declared in Britain on the 5th anniversary of the start of the war for the United Kingdom. British casualties to-date were revealed as 242,995 killed, 80,603 missing, 311,500 wounded, and 290,381 captured. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Segundo arrived at Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 In the Pacific Ocean, USS Becuna spotted an aircraft in the distance and believed it to be a friendly Liberator bomber. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 At a meeting with Omar Bradley, Bernard Montgomery hinted at trying an operation to seize the bridges over the Lower Rhine at Arnhem, the Netherlands for an armoured thrust to follow up. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Tang arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her fourth war patrol. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Pompon arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her sixth war patrol. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 Canadian troops penetrated German lines and reached the Green II defensive positions on the Gothic Line in Italy. To the west, troops of British V Corps attacked German positions along the Coriano Ridge and advanced to the Marano River. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Kure, Japan. 
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03 Sep 1944 WW2 Ion Antonescu with his wife Maria, Mihai Antonescu, Kristia Pantasi, Konstantin Vasiliu, Eugen Kristesku, Gheorghe Alexianu, Radu Lekka, and other arrested Romanian leaders were placed aboard a special train for Moscow, Russia. 
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03 Sep 1945 WW2 General Tomoyuki Yamashita surrendered Japanese troops in the Philippine Islands to US Army General Jonathan Wainwright. 
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03 Sep 1945 WW2 British doctors parachuted into Singapore ahead of a Royal Navy fleet. 
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03 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Segundo departed Tokyo Bay, Japan for the west coast of the United States. 
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03 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Trepang arrived at San Diego, California, United States. 
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03 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Spot was assigned to anti-submarine warfare training at San Diego, California, United States. 
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03 Sep 1947 WW2 Song Tingcai led 400 militia troops in a failed action against a much larger Communist force at Tianhu, Henan Province, China. 
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03 Sep 1948 WW2 Edvard Beneš passed away. 
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