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History on the 13th of September

History
Date Text
13 Sep 1635 RELIGIOUS The Massachusetts General Court banished Separatist preacher Roger Williams, 32, for criticizing the Massachusetts Bay Company charter and for perpetually advocating a separation of church and state.
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13 Sep 1845 RELIGIOUS William Walford's hymn, "Sweet Hour of Prayer," first appeared in print in the "New York Observer." Walford (1772-1850), a blind lay preacher, had written the poem three years earlier in the village of Coleshill, England.
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13 Sep 1911 WW2 Kichisaburo Nomura was made the executive officer of protected cruiser Otowa. 
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13 Sep 1911 WW2 Haiqi departed Washington DC, United States for Boston, Massachusetts, United States. 
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13 Sep 1914 WW2 Battle of the Marne drew to a close with 800,000 German and over a million French and British casualties. 
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13 Sep 1914 WW2 Allied armies under General Joffre conducted a frontal assault along the Aisne River in France. The troops crossed the river by pontoon bridges and assaulted strong German positions, but were then flung back to their starting point. 
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13 Sep 1920 WW2 USS R-1 departed New London, Connecticut, United States for overhaul at Norfolk, Virginia, United States. 
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13 Sep 1920 WW2 USS R-5 departed Newport, Rhode Island, United States for a scheduled overhaul at Norfolk, Virginia, United States. 
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13 Sep 1923 WW2 Primo de Rivera seized power in Spain by a coup d'etat and established a fascist dictatorship. 
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13 Sep 1924 WW2 The Italian left wing deputy Armando Casalioni was killed in retaliation for the murder of Giacomo Matteotti. 
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13 Sep 1928 WW2 Douglas Bader took his first flight together with flight instructor W. J. "Pissy" Pearson. 
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13 Sep 1931 WW2 By gaining the UK's third consecutive win, Flight Lieutenant J. N. Boothman flying the Supermarine S6B secured the Schneider Trophy for the nation. He had flown the 350-kilometer course uncontested at an average speed of 340.08 miles per hour. 
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13 Sep 1931 RELIGIOUS Having recently suffered a nervous breakdown, Foursquare Gospel founder Aimee Semple McPherson, 40, entered an ill-fated marriage to David Hutton. (They divorced four years later.)
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13 Sep 1933 WW2 The character and powers of Walther Darré's German Reich Food Estate were defined in a law which introduced a nationwide organization of agricultural production, pricing and marketing. 
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13 Sep 1936 WW2 Rudolf Höss was promoted to the rank of SS-Untersturmführer. 
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13 Sep 1936 WW2 The Spanish Nationalists captured San Sebastian, Spain. 
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13 Sep 1937 WW2 Japanese troops captured Datong, Shanxi, China and its large supply of coal. Chinese troops fell back to Yanmenguan, Niangziguan, and Pingxingguan gates of the Great Wall. 
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13 Sep 1938 WW2 The French cabinet met to discuss the German demands on Czechoslovakia, reaching no conclusion. 
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13 Sep 1938 WW2 Adolf Hitler met with Joachim von Ribbentrop at Martin Bormann's home in Munich, Germany. 
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13 Sep 1939 WW2 U-27 sank British trawler Davara 39 kilometers (24 miles or 21 nautical miles) northwest of Tory Island, Ireland at 0255 hours. The 12 survivors were rescued by merchant ship Willowpool. 
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13 Sep 1939 WW2 Yasuji Okamura moved his command center for Japanese 11th Army to Xianning, Hubei Province, China in preparation for the upcoming attack on Changsha in the neighboring Hunan Province. 
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13 Sep 1939 WW2 Heinz Guderian was awarded Clasp to his Iron Cross First Class. 
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13 Sep 1939 WW2 Karl von Le Suire was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class and Iron Cross 1st Class. 
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13 Sep 1939 WW2 The 60,000 survivors in the Radom Pocket in Poland surrendered. 
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13 Sep 1939 WW2 The US Navy ordered the recommission of 40 destroyers from the reserve fleet. 
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13 Sep 1939 WW2 The wreck of USS Squalus was raised in the Isles of Shoals off northeastern United States and towed to Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, United States for repairs. 
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13 Sep 1940 WW2 Italian troops of the 1st "23 March" Blackshirt Division captured Fort Capuzzo in Libya, which was captured by the British at the onset of the war. 
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13 Sep 1940 WW2 Three French ships carrying troops from North Africa to France hit mines west of Sardinia in the Mediterranean Sea. Transports Ginette Le Borgne and Cassidaigne sank, and Cap Tourane was damaged. 
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13 Sep 1940 WW2 German minesweeping trawler Hermann Krone hit a mine and sank off Hanstholm, Denmark. 
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13 Sep 1940 WW2 British passenger ship City of Benares departed Liverpool, southern England for Quebec and Montreal, Canada as the flagship of Allied convoy OB-213 commanded by Rear Admiral Mackinnon. She was carrying 90 British children being evacuated to Canada. 
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13 Sep 1940 WW2 Sergeant J. Hannah was awarded the Victoria Cross. An 18-year old wireless operator/gunner on a Hampden bomber of No. 83 Squadron RAF that was hit by intense flak during an attack on invasion barges at Antwerp, Belgium. The wireless operator's and rear gunner's stations were set ablaze by a direct hit on the aircraft's bomb-bay. After two of the crewmen had baled out and with two fuel tanks pierced, Sergeant Hannah single-handedly fought the fire for ten minutes, using a fire extinguisher and his own log book, while rounds of ammunition detonated all around him and the aluminium fuselage beneath his feet melted in the heat. Such unselfish dedication to duty allowed his pilot to bring the wrecked bomber safely home. 
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13 Sep 1940 WW2 The P-44 Rocket project, a plan to modernize the P-43 Lancer fighter design, was scrapped. 
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13 Sep 1940 WW2 13 Zero fighters escorted bombers on a mission to raid Chongqing, China; the Zero fighters downed 27 of the Chinese I-15 and I-16 Russian-made fighters. 
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13 Sep 1940 WW2 Bad weather restricted the size of German raids, but still a continuous stream of single-bomber raids attacked London and surrounding RAF airfields in England, United Kingdom throughout the day; one of the bombs landed in front of the Buckingham Palace and another in the palace courtyard. Three of the German bombers were shot down during the day. Meanwhile, Royal Navy transferred battleships HMS Nelson and HMS Rodney to Rosyth and battleship HMS Revenge to Plymouth to deter a possible German landing through the next few days during tide conditions favoring landings. Overnight, German bombers attacked London and Cardiff. 
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13 Sep 1940 WW2 James Lacey pursued the He 111 bombers of German Kampfgeschwader 55 wing which had bombed the Buckingham Palace in London, England, United Kingdom and shot down one of them. After the attack, he had to bail out of his Hurricane fighter due to battle damage. 
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13 Sep 1940 WW2 HMS Rodney arrived at Rosyth, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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13 Sep 1940 RELIGIOUS The Southern Baptist General Convention of California was organized at Shafter by representatives of 14 congregations attending an associational meeting of the denomination.
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13 Sep 1941 WW2 The German OKW determined that Soviet prisoners of war would receive fewer rations than prisoners of other nationalities. 
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13 Sep 1941 WW2 Werner Mölders married Luise Baldauf (née Thurner), widow of a friend who had been killed in combat. They would have one daughter, Verena, born after Mölders' death. 
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13 Sep 1941 WW2 British Submarine HMS Tigris sank Norwegian coastal steamer Richard With off Breisund, northern Norway. 
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13 Sep 1941 WW2 Finnish coastal defense ship Ilmarinen struck a mine and sank in the Gulf of Finland; 271 were killed, 132 survived. 
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13 Sep 1941 WW2 A Soviet motor torpedo boat sank German auxiliary patrol boat VP 308 off of the Porkkala Peninsula in the Gulf of Finland. 
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13 Sep 1941 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down a British Hurricane fighter over Sofafi, Libya, his 17th kill. The Hurricane fighter was flown by Sergeant Nourse. 
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13 Sep 1941 WW2 General Georgy Zhukov arrived in Leningrad, Russia to replace Marshal Kliment Voroshilov as the commanding officer of the city's garrison. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 Allied troops conducted an amphibious landing near Tobruk, Libya for a raiding mission. Meanwhile, about 50 kilometers to the northeast, raiders of the British Long Range Desert Group began to launch the raid against Barce, Libya. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 At a meeting of the S-1 Section Executive Committee of the United States Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), a decision was reached to build a laboratory to study fast neutrons. This study was to be codenamed Project Y. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-515 sank British ship Ocean Vanguard at 0227 hours (11 were killed, 40 survived) and Panamanian ship Nimba at 0634 hours (20 were killed, 12 survived) 45 miles east of Trinidad. At 0622 hours, U-558 fired 3 torpedoes at Allied convoy TAG-5, sinking Dutch ship Suriname (13 were killed, 69 survived) and British ship Empire Lugard (all 47 aboard survived) 100 miles west of Grenada. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 Allied convoy QP-14 departed Arkhangelsk, Russia with 15 merchant ships and two rescue ships under the civilian commodore J. C. K. Dowding; it was escorted by two anti-aircraft vessels, two destroyers, four corvettes, three minesweepers, and three trawlers under British Royal Navy Captain J. F. Crombie. Elsewhere, Allied convoy PQ-18 sailed in the opposite direction; PQ-18 would be subjected to repeated attacks all day. The first casualty occurred at 0855 hours when U-408 and U-589 sank Soviet freighter Stalingrad (hit by three torpedoes; 21 were killed) and US tanker Oliver Ellsworth 150 miles northwest of Bear Island (Bjørnøya), Norway; these two ships were on the outside starboard column of PQ-18. At 1500 hours, 6 Ju 88 aircraft attacked without success. At 1530 hours, 30 Ju 88 dive bombers of German Luftwaffe unit III./KG 26 and 55 He 111 bombers of I./KG 26 attacked, sinking the ships Wacosta (scoring a direct hit with a torpedo before the torpedo entered water), Empire Stevenson, Macbeth, Gregonian (US ship; 28 were killed, 27 survived), Sukhona (Russian ship), Afrikaner (Panamanian ship), Empire Beaumont, and John Penn at the cost of only 5 aircraft. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 At 0058 hours, U-506 sank Swedish merchant ship Lina 150 miles off Liberia; 3 were killed, 30 survived. At 0135 hours, U-512 sank US tanker Patrick J. Hurley with gunfire 950 miles northeast of Barbados; 17 were killed, 22 survived. U-594 sank Panamanian ship Stone Street (13 were killed, 39 survived but 1 was captured) 600 miles east of Newfoundland at 1436 hours; Stone Street was a straggler of Allied convoy ON-127. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-156 rescued survivors of British troopship Laconia 290 miles northeast of Ascension Island; at 0125 hours, Korvettenkapitän Werner Hartenstein of U-156 radioed his German superiors for additional ships to help with the rescue; at 0600 hours, Hartenstein radioed, in English, for all ships in the area to help with the rescue. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 Failing to break lines held by the US Marines near Henderson Field, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands overnight, the Japanese attack was called off at 0550 hours. The Japanese attack resumed after sundown, penetrating the American lines before being driven back by artillery fire coming from nearby Hill 123; 500 Japanese were killed in the night's attack while the US suffered 80 killed. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 446 British bombers attacked Bremen, Germany, damaging Lloyd dynamo works, Focke-Wulf factory, 7 historical buildings, 6 schools, and 2 hospitals; 70 civilians were killed; 21 bombers were lost on this mission. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 The George Cross medal was awarded to the island of Malta. It was officially presented to the people of Malta by Lord Gort, the Governor and Commander-in-Chief. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division engaged in heavy fighting at Mamayev Kurgan and Railway Station No. 1 at Stalingrad, Russia; it would lose a third of its strength in the fighting. 
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13 Sep 1942 WW2 Lydia Litvyak shot down a German Ju 88 bomber and the Bf 109G-2 fighter piloted by Oberfeldwebel Erwin Meier over Stalingrad, Russia while flying a Yak-1 fighter. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 USS S-28 entered her patrol area in the northern Kurile Islands. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 Allied aircraft bombed Rhodes, a Greek island recently under Italian occupation, now garrisoned by German troops. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Snook sank Japanese transport Yamato Maru in the East China Sea with 1 of 6 torpedoes fired. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 Private Richard Kelliher won the Victoria Cross in New Guinea for knocking out Japanese positions to rescue his pinned down Australian comrades. Only six months before, Irish-born Kelliher had been court martialled for cowardice under fire, although the conviction had been quickly quashed. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 Orde Wingate departed Cairo, Egypt for Karachi, India. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 Chiang Kaishek reluctantly agreed to stop the fighting against communist forces in China and turn his full attention to the Japanese. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 Elements of the French I Corps supported by the Royal Navy launch Operation Vésuve to link up with Corsica Partisans with the aim of cutting off the retreating German troops evacuating from Sardinia (90th Panzergrenadier Division and Reichsführer-SS assault infantry brigade) transiting via Corsica. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Gar arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her ninth war patrol. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 German troops near Salerno, Italy launched a counter offensive against the recent Allied landings, striking at the region near Battipaglia, pushing US units back toward the beach, and re-capturing Altavilla 14 kilometers northeast of Paestum by nightfall. Allied leadership began to prepare, but did not execute, evacuation plans. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Harder attacked a Japanese convoy off Japan (both torpedoes missed) and was detected by Japanese aircraft, which led to a two-hour depth charge attack. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Permit continued to attack the Japanese convoy she had been attacking since the previous date west of the Marshall Islands, damaging a light cruiser and sinking an oiler; 5 torpedoes were expended during the attack. 
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13 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo departed Midway Atoll, starting her seventh war patrol. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 Amon Göth was relieved of his position as the commandant of Plaszów labor camp and was assigned to the SS Office of Economics and Administration. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 The German garrison at Brest, France maintained heavy resistance against US Ninth Army. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 One German V-2 rocket hit Britain. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 Soviet troops reached the Slovakian border. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Mingo fired three torpedoes at a Japanese ship; all missed. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 The first authorized special attack was conducted by two aircraft from the Japanese Army 31st Fighter Squadron based at Los Negros, Philippine Islands. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Cabrilla departed Fremantle, Australia for her sixth war patrol. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 The 10 separate sections of floating drydock USS ABSD-2 were assembled, and the floating drydock became operational for ship repair work at Manus, Admiralty Islands. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 Joseph Stilwell told leader Mao Zedong's envoys that he would begin to arrange Lend-Lease supplies for the Chinese communists. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 Cruiser Georges Leygues arrived at Toulon, France. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 Carl Spaatz ordered large raids on German synthetic oil plants, dispatching 748 aircraft; the German Luftwaffe lost heavily in air battles. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 Noor Inayat Khan was brutally beaten then executed by gunfire in the back of the head at Dachau Concentration Camp, Germany. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 Yolande Beekman was executed at Dachau Concentration Camp in southern Germany. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Trepang departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 Coriano Ridge, part of the Gothic Line in Italy, was captured by Canadian troops. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Alabama escorted US carriers as carrier aircraft began attacking Japanese positions in the Philippine Islands. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Sunfish attacked a Japanese convoy in the Yellow Sea, sinking Etajima Maru and damaging another, hitting them with 5 of 13 torpedoes fired. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Miami operated off the Philippine Islands in indirect support of the Palau Islands campaign. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Wasp's aircraft attacked Japanese positions in central Philippine Islands. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 Soviet Marshal Rodion Malinovsky signed an armistice agreement with his Romanian counterparts. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 Ferdinand Catlos was arrested by the Soviets in Kiev, Ukraine. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Ticonderoga arrived at San Diego, California, United States. 
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13 Sep 1944 WW2 YP-80A jet aircraft took its first flight; the flight lasted about 45 minutes. 
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13 Sep 1945 WW2 Japanese forces in Burma surrendered to the Allies. 
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13 Sep 1945 WW2 Captain Hisayuki Soeda surrendered Nauru and Ocean Island surrendered to Australian troops. 
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13 Sep 1946 WW2 Amon Leopold Göth was executed by hanging in Poland. 
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13 Sep 1948 WW2 Submarine Skipjack was struck from the US Naval Register. 
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13 Sep 1962 RELIGIOUS Swiss Reformed theologian Karl Barth wrote in a letter: 'God, according to 2 Cor. 5:19, reconciled the world to himself, not himself to the world.'
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