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History on the 14th of September

History
Date Text
14 Sep 1741 RELIGIOUS German composer George Frederick Handel, 56, finished composing his oratorio, "The Messiah." He wrote the score, start-to-finish, in only 24 days, subsisting primarily on coffee.
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14 Sep 1765 RELIGIOUS Anglican clergyman and hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: 'How unspeakable are our obligations to the grace of God.'
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14 Sep 1911 WW2 Haiqi hosted US President William Howard Taft. 
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14 Sep 1914 WW2 Having failed to dislodge German troops on the far bank of the Aisne River in France on the previous day, the battle dwindled out into the trench warfare that would characterise WW1. 
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14 Sep 1914 WW2 Kaiser William II appointed Lieutenant General Falkenhayn, the German Minister of War, to the post of Chief of the General Staff of the Army. 
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14 Sep 1916 WW1 Begin of Seventh Battle of the Isonzo
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14 Sep 1918 RELIGIOUS The Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Wisconsin, Ohio and Other States was formed from the merger of several smaller synods. In 1930 this denomination merged with two other synods to form the American Lutheran Church (ALC).
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14 Sep 1927 RELIGIOUS Bob Jones University opened in Greenville, South Carolina, and eighty-eight students registered for the first fall term.
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14 Sep 1930 WW2 Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party received 6,371,000 votes in a national election, representing about 18% of the total votes, and gained 107 seats in the Reichstag. The party was now the second largest in the country. 
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14 Sep 1937 WW2 Japanese cruiser Yubari and two destroyers engaged with Chinese cruiser Zhaohe and sloop Haizhou off the Pearl River Delta off Guangdong, China. Zhaohe and Haizhou were both damaged, and the captain of Zhaohe would later be shot for ordering a retreat from this engagement. 
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14 Sep 1938 WW2 Adolf Hitler departed Munich, Germany for his home in Obersalzberg in southern Germany. 
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14 Sep 1939 WW2 The new aircraft carrier, HMS Ark Royal, was operating west of the Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom when lookouts spotted the tracks of torpedoes passing astern. Her escorting destroyers counter-attacked and sank the German submarine U-39. 
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14 Sep 1939 WW2 German submarine U-39 attacked HMS Ark Royal; the torpedoes swam straight at the carrier but they prematurely detonated. 
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14 Sep 1939 WW2 Japanese 106th Division under Lieutenant General Ryotaro Nakai engaged with Chinese 184th Division near Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province China. 
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14 Sep 1939 WW2 The world's first production helicopter, the Sikorsky VS-300, made its maiden flight. Sikorsky would go on to equip military units in both Britain and the US. 
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14 Sep 1940 WW2 The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters gave the orders for troops to move into Indochina on 22 Sep 1940 regardless of the state of the Franco-Japanese negotiations. British intelligence intercepted this message, but it would not be deciphered until 20 Sep 1940. 
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14 Sep 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler postponed Operation Sea Lion once again, to 17 Sep 1940. In the evening, the British RAF mounted a major attack on several launching points for the invasion of Britain, destroying several ships. 
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14 Sep 1940 WW2 British battleships HMS Barham and HMS Resolution, several British destroyers, and French sloops Commandant Domine and Commandant Duboc arrived at the Crown Colony of Freetown in West Africa to refuel. These warships were en route to French-controlled port of Dakar. 
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14 Sep 1940 WW2 German anti-submarine trawler Hinrich Wesselhoft ran aground near Bergen, Norway in the Hardangerfjord. The damage was so great that she would later be scuttled. 
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14 Sep 1940 WW2 Italian submarine Emo attacked British tanker Saint Agnes 500 miles west of Porto, Portugal with torpedo and deck gun. 
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14 Sep 1940 WW2 Douglas Bader was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. 
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14 Sep 1940 WW2 Montcalm arrived at Dakar, French West Africa. 
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14 Sep 1940 WW2 Cruiser Georges Leygues arrived at Dakar, French West Africa. 
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14 Sep 1940 WW2 Walter Grabmann was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross medal. 
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14 Sep 1940 WW2 At 1530 hours, 150 German aircraft crossed the coast for London, England, United Kingdom; another 100 approached at 1800 hours. Most bombers were unable to reach their targets due to British fighter opposition. Overnight, there was little bombing of London. 
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14 Sep 1941 WW2 The German Armeegruppe Mitte encircled two full Soviet Armies near Kiev, Ukraine. 
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14 Sep 1941 WW2 The German XXXXI Armeekorps (mot) attacked Soviet positions southwest of Leningrad, Russia, while Soviet troops counterattacked into the flanks of the German assault. 
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14 Sep 1941 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down the Australian Hurricane fighter flown by Lieutenant Pat Byers over Bardia, Libya, his 18th kill. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 The Allied raid on Tobruk, Libya resulted in failure; 746 Allied personnel were killed, wounded, or captured; the Axis suffered 66 casualties. However, the raid on Barce, Libya was successful, destroying 16 aircraft on the ground; on the way out, the Barce raiders were strafed by Italian aircraft and lost several vehicles. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 US 7th Marine Division departed Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides for Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 HMS Zulu (Commander R. T. White), badly damaged by German aircraft, sank whilst being towed back to Alexandria, Egypt. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 The 3rd Marine Regiment arrived at Tutuila, Samoa. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 Vice Admiral Robert Ghormley requested General George Kenney to use the US 5th Air Force based in Brisbane, Australia to put greater pressure on the Japanese base at Rabaul, New Britain. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-515 sank British ship Harborough 40 miles east of Trinidad at 1410 hours; 5 were killed, 45 survived. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-91 sank Canadian destroyer HMCS Ottawa 440 miles east of St. John's, Newfoundland at 0205 hours; 109 were killed, 65 survived; HMCS Ottawa was escorting Allied convoy ON-127. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 British aircraft sank Italian submarine Alabastro in the Gulf of Stora off French Algeria. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 US fighters (including 14 P-39D and P-39F fighters of 54th Fighter Group) and bombers from the newly-completed airfield at Adak, Aleutian Islands attacked Japanese positions on Kiska, damaging Japanese submarines RO-63 and RO-64, sinking an ammunition ship, and downing two floatplanes. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-457 attacked Allied convoy PQ-18 20 miles south of Spitzbergen, Svalbard, Norway; destroyer HMS Impulsive detected U-457's approach, but she failed to deter the attack; U-457 fatally damaged British tanker Atheltemplar at 0400 hours (3 were killed, 58 survived but 16 would die of wounds later; the floating burning wreck would be sunk by U-408 at 1430 hours). Shortly after, U-589 attempted to attack, but was sunk by destroyer HMS Onslow and a Swordfish aircraft from escort carrier HMS Avenger (all 44 aboard were killed). At 1235 hours, about 20 German He 111 torpedo bombers of I./KG 26 attacked in failure with 11 of them shot down. Shortly after, 12 Ju 88 attacked, again losing 11 aircraft without scoring any hits. A third round of 25 aircraft (He 111 of I./KG 26 and Ju 88 of III./KG 26) attacked, sinking US ship Mary Luckenbach (189 were killed, 1 survived; detonation of her cargo of ammunition on board damaged nearby US ship Nathanael Greene and US ship Wacosta) at the cost of 9 aircraft lost. Finally, at 1430 hours, the final wave of 20 German aircraft attacked, scoring no hits and losing one aircraft. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 290 miles northeast of Ascension Island, U-156 remained on the surface and attempted to help the hundreds of survivors of British troopship Laconia as they awaited the arrival of rescue ships. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 The Japanese base at Rabaul, New Britain suffered an accidental ammunition explosion at about 1300 hours. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 Japanese troops attacked the Australian line at Ioribaiwa Ridge along the Kokoda Track in Australian Papua; the ridge was 25 miles north of Port Moresby. To the east, the Gili Gili airfield on the coast of Milne Bay was renamed Gurney Field in memorial of RAAF Squadron Leader C. R. Gurney. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 US 7th Pursuit Squadron, flying P-40 fighters, arrived at 14-Mile Airfield at Port Moresby, Australian Papua. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 The Japanese continued to attack the defensive line held by the US Marines near Henderson Field at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands without success. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 202 British bombers attacked Wilhelmshaven, Germany; 77 civilians were killed. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 In Operation GG 2, Italian auxiliary ship Olterra launched three frogmen against Gibraltar, sinking cargo ship Ravens Point. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 HMS Sikh (Captain St. J. A. Micklethwait) was sunk by shore batteries during the raid on Tobruk, Libya. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 Soviet 62nd Army launched a counterattack in Stalingrad, Russia at dawn, but it would ultimately be turned back by German troops, with the Soviets hemming themselves into a narrow strip along the Volga River. From the other side of the river, Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division crossed on barges amidst aerial and artillery bombardment to prevent German 71st Division and 76th Division from penetrating Soviet 62nd Army lines and reaching the Volga River. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 Yekaterina Budanova claimed her first aerial kill, a Bf 109 fighter, over Stalingrad, Russia; the kill was shared with fellow pilot Lydia Litvyak. 
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14 Sep 1942 WW2 Lydia Litvyak shot down a German Bf 109 fighter over Stalingrad, Russia while flying a Yak-1 fighter. 
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14 Sep 1943 WW2 French commandos infiltrated Corsica to aid partisans against the Germans. 
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14 Sep 1943 WW2 Kos Island, Greece was occupied by British Royal Navy Special Boat Service troops. 
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14 Sep 1943 WW2 German troops evacuated Bryansk, Russia. 
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14 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Seahorse attacked a Japanese tanker in the Palau Islands; all eight torpedoes missed. 
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14 Sep 1943 WW2 HMS Howe escorted Italian battleship Vittorio Veneto and Italia to Alexandria, Egypt. 
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14 Sep 1943 WW2 Corsair fighters of US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214 attacked Kahili Airfield on Bougainville, meeting no opposition. 
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14 Sep 1943 WW2 US 180th Infantry Regiment arrived at Paestum in Italy, relieving two battalions of paratroopers of US 82nd Airborne Division; meanwhile, a US airborne battalion was dropped behind German lines nearby in an attempt to take pressure off the Salerno invasion beach. German forces continued the assaults the Allied beachheads, with main pressure placed upon the American sector, but naval gunfire and aerial bombardment gave the defenders enough firepower to hold the lines. 
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14 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Alabama arrived at Havannah Harbor, Efate Island, New Hebrides Islands. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 Soviet troops reached the suburbs of Warsaw, Poland and began air dropping supplies to the Armia Krajowa. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 Allied troops captured Maastricht, Gulpen, and Meerssen in the Netherlands. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 Winston Churchill approved the transfer of Oliver Leese to Southeast Asia for a high command position. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 Joseph Stilwell visited Guilin, China and ordered the nearby airfields to be abandoned and gas stores destroyed to prevent Japanese capture. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Pintado arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her second war patrol. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 Canadian 5th Armoured Division and British 1st Armoured Division captured Coriano, Italy. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 Soviet First Baltic Front, Second Baltic Front, and Third Baltic Front launched a massive assault against German Armeegruppe Nord, pushing it back to Riga, Latvia. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Alabama escorted US carriers as carrier aircraft began attacking Japanese positions in the Philippine Islands. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Sunfish fired 4 torpedoes at a Japanese transport in the Yellow Sea; all torpedoes missed. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Miami operated off the Philippine Islands in indirect support of the Palau Islands campaign. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 Three German V-2 rockets hit Britain. One of them hit the center of Walthamstow, London, England, United Kingdom at 0455 hours, killing six immediately and another one later from wounds. The resulting crater was 50 feet wide and 10 feet deep. 
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14 Sep 1944 WW2 Soviet and Bulgarian troops marched into eastern Yugoslavia from Bulgaria. 
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14 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Whale arrived at the Panama Canal Zone. 
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14 Sep 1945 WW2 USS San Diego arrived at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California, United States for a scheduled overhaul. 
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14 Sep 1945 WW2 USS R-5 was decommissioned from service at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States. 
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14 Sep 1975 RELIGIOUS (Mother) Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton (1774-1821) was canonized by Pope Paul VI, making her the first native-born American citizen to become a saint in the Roman Catholic Church.
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