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History on the 18th of September

History
Date Text
18 Sep 2052 RELIGIOUS Birth of Marcus Ulpius Trajan, Emperor of Rome from AD 98-117. He was the third Roman emperor to rule, after Nero (54-68) and Domitian (81-96), who persecuted the Early Church. During Trajan's reign, the apostolic father Ignatius of Antioch was martyred, in AD 117.
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18 Sep 1765 RELIGIOUS Birth of Oliver Holden, early Puritan pastor and statesman. His love for music is demonstrated in the hymn tune CORONATION ("All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name"), which he composed in 1792 at the age of 27.
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18 Sep 1914 WW2 The Irish Home Rule Act reached the British statute books but was suspended for the duration of the war with Germany. 
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18 Sep 1915 WW2 Erwin Rommel was promoted to the rank of Oberleutnant. 
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18 Sep 1916 WW2 HMS Valiant completed repairs for the damaged incurred during a collision with HMS Warspite in the previous month. 
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18 Sep 1918 WW1 Begin of Battle of Epehy
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18 Sep 1922 WW2 British Foreign Secretary Lord Curzon departed for Paris, France to smooth things over with the Pro-Turkish French Prime Minister Raymond Paincaré who had decided to withdraw the French contingent at Chanak, western Anatolia. 
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18 Sep 1924 RELIGIOUS A complete Bible translation of the Old and New Testaments was published by American Bible scholar and historian James Moffatt, 54. Moffatt's intention was to make available to the lay reader, in simple language, a current scholarly understanding of the biblical text.
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18 Sep 1925 WW2 Kichisaburo Nomura was made the Director of Education in the Navy Ministry. 
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18 Sep 1930 WW2 Zhang Xueliang pledged military support for the Nationalists during the Central Plains War. As he committed over 40% of his forces, it would weaken the overall defense of northeastern China, thus giving the Japanese an opportunity to seize control. 
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18 Sep 1930 RELIGIOUS Death of New England music evangelist Carrie E. Rounsefell, 69. It was Rounsefell who composed the hymn tune MANCHESTER, to which we sing today, "I'll Go Where You Want Me to Go."
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18 Sep 1931 WW2 Japanese troops detonate a bomb on the rail line near Mukden, China. 
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18 Sep 1934 WW2 Lorraine began a period of refitting at Brest, France. 
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18 Sep 1936 WW2 Mahan was commissioned into service. 
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18 Sep 1939 WW2 When the British merchant ship Kensington Court was torpedoed 70 miles of the Isles of Scilly west of the southwestern tip of England, United Kingdom, two patrolling Sunderland aircraft had the entire crew of thirty-four personnel back on dry land within an hour of the vessel sinking. 
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18 Sep 1939 WW2 Aircraft from HMS Hermes located a German submarine escorted by destroyers Isis and Imogen; the subsequent attack was ineffective. 
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18 Sep 1939 WW2 Captain Max Burke DeMott was named the commanding officer of USS Helena, relieving Lieutenant Commander Donald Hendry Johnston. 
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18 Sep 1939 WW2 Italy organized the Milizia Fascista Albanese (Albanian Fascist Militia) in occupied Albania. 
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18 Sep 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler arrived in Danzig; he would remain in the region for the next week, staying at the Casino Hotel in Zoppot. 
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18 Sep 1939 WW2 Polish cipher experts fled tp Paris, France with vital knowledge of the German Enigma code which they would later give to the British. Thanks to the Poles, codebreaking became a powerful weapon in the Allied armoury. 
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18 Sep 1939 WW2 Italy deployed four Blackshirt divisions to Libya. 
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18 Sep 1939 WW2 A Soviet-German joint victory parade was held in Brest-Litovsk in Eastern Poland. 
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18 Sep 1939 WW2 USS Helena was commissioned into service with Captain Max B. Demott in command. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 German submarine U-48 sank British ship Marina at 0007 hours; 2 were killed and 37 survived. At 1849 hours, U-48 struck again, sinking British ship Magdalena, killing the entire crew of 31. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 Italian submarine Bagnolini sank Spanish ship Cabo Tortosa off Porto, Portugal; all members of the crew survived the attack and were rescued by Spanish ship Monte Ayala. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 USS S-31 was recommissioned into service. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 Douglas Bader shot down a German Do 17 aircraft and a Ju 88 aircraft. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 U-48 hit the British passenger liner City of Benares, a ship evacuating 90 British children and their families to Canada, with a torpedo 600 miles west of Ireland at 0001 hours. The ship listed heavily, which prevented many of the lifeboats from being launched. She sank at about 0030 hours, taking down 121 crew and 134 passengers (including 77 children). Destroyer HMS Hurricane arrived on the following day and rescued 105 survivors. After this incident, the British government suspended the policy of sending children aboard. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 Emperor Kangde presided over the dedication ceremony of the National Martyr Shrine of Manchukuo in Xinjing, the capital of the puppet state. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 The American Library in Paris, France reopened. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 Montcalm departed Dakar, French West Africa. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 Cruiser Georges Leygues departed Dakar, French West Africa. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 Akagi departed Kure, Japan. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille scored his fifth kill, a British Spitfire fighter, over Dover, England, United Kingdom. 
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18 Sep 1940 WW2 70 German Ju 88 bombers escorted by 100 Bf 109 fighters crossed the English Channel at noon and were intercepted by British fighters of No. 11 Group RAF; 60 of the bombers would reach London, England, United Kingdom and drop their bombs. At 1600 hours, 200 bombers in multiple waves attacked targets in Kent in southern England; they were engaged by fighters of No. 11 and No. 12 Groups and suffered 23 bombers and 10 fighters lost, but they were able to shoot down 12 British fighters in exchange. Overnight, London was bombed by several waves of bombers; Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, and other cities were also attacked. 
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18 Sep 1941 WW2 US President Franklin Roosevelt requested US Congress to allocate US$1,500,000,000 for the Lend-Lease program. 
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18 Sep 1941 WW2 The Soviet Union announced conscription for all men aged 16-50. 
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18 Sep 1941 WW2 Change of German strategy against Leningrad, Russia, switching from assault to besieging, led to the tanks of the German 4th Panzer Army were loaded onto trains at for Moscow, Russia. This shift in strategy partially resulted from Adolf Hitler's order earlier on this date that Leningrad was to be razed to the ground. 
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18 Sep 1941 WW2 British aircraft located a convoy of three Italian troopships escorted by four destroyers from Taranto, Italy, sailing for Tripoli, Libya. Submarines HMS Upholder, HMS Upright, HMS Ursula, and HMS Unbeaten were dispatched to attack. HMS Upholder sank troopships Neptunia and Oceania over a four hour period about 70 miles east of Tripoli (384 killed, 6,500 survived), while HMS Ursula attacked troopship Vulcania unsuccessfully. 
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18 Sep 1941 WW2 After dark, British minelaying cruiser HMS Latona and destroyers HMS Napier, HMS Havock, and HMS Nizam sailed from Alexandria, Egypt and delivered supplies to the besieged garrison at Tobruk, Libya. They would return to Alexandria in the morning of the next day. HMS Nizam was damaged on the return trip when she hit the wreck of Italian ship Serenitas at Tobruk. 
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18 Sep 1941 WW2 Admiral Soemu Toyoda was named the commanding officer of Kure Naval District, Japan. 
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18 Sep 1941 WW2 German troops captured Poltava, Ukraine. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 Orders from Heinrich Himmler: The SS was to have full judicial control over Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Jewish, and Roma prisoners; all prisoners of the German justice system capable of work were to be transferred to concentration camps for forced labor; food rations for Jews in Germany were to be reduced. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 Monsignor Montini, future Pope Paul VI, sent a letter to Pope Pius XII, noting that "the massacres of the Jews reach frightening proportions and forms". 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 Soviet troops launched an offensive from the Voronezh Front in Russia. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 4,180 men of US 7th Marine Regiment arrived at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. The American beachhead strength was now at 22,500 men. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 The US Marine Corps 1st Parachute Battalion departed for Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-175 sank Canadian ship Norfolk 25 miles off British Guyana at 0152 hours; 6 were killed, 13 survived. At 0921 hours, U-380 sank Norwegian merchant ship Olaf Fostenes 1,100 miles east of Nova Scotia, Canada; all 38 aboard survived. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 British 29th Infantry Brigade landed at Tamatave, Madagascar. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 US B-17 Flying Fortress bombers attacked Rabaul, New Britain, causing little damage. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 Tenryu departed Rabaul, New Britain. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 Japanese troops began retreating back along the Kokoda Track across the Owen Stanley Range in Australian Papua. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 Theresienstadt Concentration Camp in occupied Czechoslovakia surpassed its maximum capacity; 58,491 prisoners now resided in the camp. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 Nachi arrived at Ominato Guard District, Mutsu, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 Soviet 1st Guards Army and 24th Army attacked German VIII Army Corps at Kotluban 40 kilometers north of Stalingrad, Russia; German Stuka dive bombers hampered the attack by destroying 41 of the 106 Soviet tanks committed, while escorting Bf 109 fighters destroyed 77 Soviet aircraft in the immediate area. In the city, heavy house-to-house fighting continued. 
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18 Sep 1942 WW2 12 German He 111 torpedo bombers attacked Allied convoy PQ-18 at the entrance of the Kola Inlet, Russia, sinking US ship Kentucky (all aboard survived) at the cost of 3 aircraft shot down. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Manila, Philippine Islands. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 Mussolini declared the Repubblica Sociale Italiana in Northern Italy. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 John Basilone participated in a bond tour event in Scanton, Pennsylvania, United States. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Cisco arrived at Darwin, Australia. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214 attacked a Japanese convoy destined for Vella Lavella in the Solomon Islands. Pilot Chris Magee shot down 2 Japanese D3A aircraft (with a further 1 probable) during this attack. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 Shokaku sortied from Truk, Caroline Islands to Brown Island (Eniwetok), Marshall Islands with Combined Fleet under Vice Admiral Ozawa's tactical command in response to the US Task Force 15 carrier raids on Tarawa and Makin. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 Yamato sortied from Truk to Brown Atoll, Eniwetok in response to raids by US Navy Task Force 15 on Tarawa, Makin, and Abemama Atolls. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 Yolande Beekman was delivered into German-occupied France via a Lysander aircraft before dawn. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 U-537 departed Kiel, Germany for her first war patrol. She carried Wetter-Funkgerät Land-26 weather station equipment along with meteorology expert Dr. Kurt Sommermeyer and his assistant Walter Hildebrant on board. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 Headquarters of British V Corps arrived at Taranto, Italy. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 Italian Navy Xa Flottiglia MAS based at Pola, Italy (occupied Pula, Yugoslavia) under Lieutenant Commander Umberto Bardelli reported the strength of 350 men. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 Irako arrived at Yokosuka, Japan. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Bluefish sank small Japanese ship with her deck gun in the Dutch East Indies. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Sunfish damaged a Japanese transport in the Pacific Ocean, hitting her with 1 of 3 torpedoes fired. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 German submarine U-711 shelled the Soviet wireless telegraph station at Pravdy in northern Russia. 
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18 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Corvina departed Groton, Connecticut, United States. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Cod departed Fremantle, Australia for her fifth war patrol. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 Cruiser USS Duluth (CL-87) was commissioned with Captain Donald Roderick Osborn, Jr. in command. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 US Ninth Army captured Brest, France. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 In the Netherlands, German troops launched a heavy counter attack near Arnhem while Allied troops captured Eindhoven. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Sennet completed her fitting out. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 Indian troops captured Point 343 in San Marino. Brazilian troops captured Camaiore, Italy. British troops captured San Godenzo Pass, also in Italy. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Sterlet departed Midway for her second war patrol. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Escolar departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first and only war patrol. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 Nazi German SS doctors conducted a selection in the infirmaries of Auschwitz Concentration Camp in occupied Poland. 330 men and 65 boys, all Jews, were selected and sent to the gas chambers. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 A transport with 2,500 Jews arrived at Auschwitz Concentration Camp from the Lodz ghetto in occupied Poland; about 80% of this transport were children between 13 and 16 years of age. 150 were registered into the camp, the remaining were all killed in the gas chambers. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Ticonderoga departed San Diego, California, United States for Pearl Harbor. 
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18 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Spot completed fitting out at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California, United States. 
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18 Sep 1945 WW2 HMCS Micmac (R10) was commissioned into service with Lieutenant Commander R. L. Hennessy in command. 
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18 Sep 1945 WW2 Douglas MacArthur established his headquarters in Tokyo, Japan. 
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18 Sep 1947 WW2 The United States Air Force (USAF) became an officially independent member of the newly unified US armed services, and was no longer under the control of the US Army. 
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18 Sep 1948 WW2 USS Sterlet was decommissioned from service at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, United States. 
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18 Sep 1962 RELIGIOUS The Full Gospel Fellowship of Churches and Ministers International was founded in Dallas by Gordon Lindsay, 56. In 1967, the name was changed to Christ for the Nations. It ministers today as a service agency supporting foreign missions through fund raising and literature distribution.
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