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History on the 20th of September

History
Date Text
20 Sep 1378 RELIGIOUS The Great Schism in the Catholic Church began. It was touched off when Gregory XI died, shortly after returning the papal seat from Avignon, in France, to Rome. Continuing for nearly 40 years (until 1417), the Schism at one point produced three concurrent popes!
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20 Sep 1883 RELIGIOUS Birth of Albrecht Alt, German Lutheran Old Testament scholar. "Biblia Hebraica" (13th ed., 1962), which Alt edited with Rudolph Kittel, became a standard critical Hebrew text of the Old Testament among students of the Bible for years.
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20 Sep 1922 WW2 British Foreign Secretary Lord Curzon held several angry meetings with French Prime Minister Raymond Paincaré regarding the Chanak Crisis, finally reaching an agreement to negotiate an armistice with the Turks. 
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20 Sep 1931 WW2 A run on the pound caused by panic in the London Stock Market led to the British national government abandoning the Gold Standard. 
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20 Sep 1932 RELIGIOUS Four branches of Methodism in England united to form the Methodist Church of Great Britain and Ireland. These were the Wesleyan Methodists (founded 1784), the Primitive Methodists (1811), the United Methodist Free Churches (1857) and the United Methodists (1907).
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20 Sep 1933 WW2 Rudolf Höss applied for a transfer into the SS organization and was given the rank of a SS recruit, SS-Anwärter. 
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20 Sep 1935 WW2 Lorraine's refitting was completed at Brest, France. 
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20 Sep 1937 WW2 Liu Cuigang, flying a Hawk III fighter, damaged a Japanese D1A1 dive bomber and shot down an E8N seaplane near Nanjing, China. Both Liu and his wingman Lieutenant Yuan Baokang each claimed an E8N shot down, but Japanese records showed only one lost. 
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20 Sep 1938 WW2 Sudeten Nazi leader Konrad Henlein urged Slovakians to demand autonomy with greater vigor. 
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20 Sep 1938 WW2 At 1030 hours, Czechoslovakian military mobilized. At 1700 hours, Czechoslovakian President Edvard Beneš rejected the British-French suggestion for Czechoslovakia to cede Sudetenland to Germany; going further, Beneš asked the French whether France would honor the alliance in the case of a German invasion. 
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20 Sep 1938 WW2 Adolf Hitler pressed the Hungarians to assert greater demands on Czechoslovakia. 
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20 Sep 1939 WW2 Werner Mölders scored his first kill of the European War; the victim was a P-36 fighter. For this victory, he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. 
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20 Sep 1939 WW2 Blücher was commissioned into service. 
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20 Sep 1939 WW2 German submarine U-27 was sunk by destroyers HMS Fortune and HMS Forester off Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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20 Sep 1939 WW2 U-27 was sunk by British destroyers HMS Fortune and HMS Faulknor west of Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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20 Sep 1939 WW2 Josef Frantisek was shot down near Zloczów, Poland (now Zolochiv, Ukraine) but escaped unharmed. 
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20 Sep 1939 WW2 The RAF and Luftwaffe clashed for the first time over the Westwall, the German defensive line on the border with France. The British lost two aircraft, the Germans one. 
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20 Sep 1939 WW2 Georg von Bismarck was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. 
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20 Sep 1939 WW2 German General Johannes Blaskowitz noted in his order of the day that, at the Battle of the Bzura in Poland, also known as Battle of Kutno to the Germans, his troops was fighting "in one of the biggest and most destructive battles of all times." Elsewhere, German troops withdrew to the agreed demarcation line in Poland, with Soviet forces moving in behind them. Finally, also on this day, the remaining Polish garrison in Grodno managed to kill 800 Soviet troops and at least 10 tanks. 
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20 Sep 1939 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at San Francisco, California, United States. 
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20 Sep 1940 WW2 German submarine U-A sank Panamanian collier Tuira 400 miles west of Ireland at 0027 hours, killing 2. German submarine U-46 torpedoed and damaged Greek ship Leonidas M. Valmas 50 miles northwest of Ireland at 2150 hours; she would not sink due to its cargo of wood, but 16 crew members died in the fire; 2 survivors were rescued by British destroyer HMS Arrow. 10 miles north of Malin Head, Ireland, German submarine U-138 fired three torpedoes at Allied convoy OB-216 between 2120 and 2126 hours; all three torpedoes hit, sinking Yugoslavian collier Boka was sunk (8 killed, 26 survived) and British passenger liner City of Simla (3 killed, 182 crew and 165 passengers survived); British whale factory ship New Sevilla was damaged but would remain afloat until the next day (2 killed, 282 survived). 
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20 Sep 1940 WW2 Allied convoy BN-5, which had so far successful in evading the Italian destroyers and submarines in pursuit, was detected and attacked by Italian aircraft in the Red Sea. British ship Bhima was damaged by near misses and had to be towed to Aden to be beached. Escorting New Zealand cruiser HMS Leander was attacked but did not sustain any damage. One Italian bomber was shot down. 
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20 Sep 1940 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Atlantis sank French passenger liner Commissaire Ramel in the Indian Ocean about halfway between Madagascar and Australia, killing 3. 63 crew members, mostly Australians, were imprisoned abord Atlantis. Fregattenkapitän Rogge of Atlantis had wanted to transfer his 230 prisoners to Commissaire Ramel and send the French ship back to German as a prize ship, but situation did not allow him to do so. On the same day, the British Royal Navy formed a task force composed of Australian cruiser HMAS Canberra, Australian armed merchant cruiser Westralia, British cruiser HMS Capetown, and British cruiser HMS Durban to find and sink Atlantis. 
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20 Sep 1940 WW2 Werner Mölders shot down two Spitfire fighters of No. 92 Squadron RAF near Dungeness, England, United Kingdom, which were the 39th and 40th victories. 
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20 Sep 1940 WW2 Jean Decoux allowed Japanese forces to enter Haiphong harbor, French Indochina. 
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20 Sep 1940 WW2 Three waves of German Bf 109 fighters totaling over 100 aircraft flew across the English Channel for London, England, United Kingdom; they successfully lured out British fighters and shot down 7 of them (killing 4 pilots) at the cost of 2 of their own. Overnight, London was attacked by German bombers. 
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20 Sep 1941 WW2 German submarine U-124 sank British ships Baltallinn and Empire Moat of Allied convoy convoy OG-74 500 miles west of Brest, France at 2331 hours; 60 survivors were rescued by British rescue ship Walmer Castle. Meanwhile, a Martlet Mk II fighter of No. 802 Squadron from escort carrier HMS Audacity shot down a German Fw 200 C Condor aircraft attempting to shadow OG-74; it was the first kill by a British carrier-based aircraft. 
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20 Sep 1941 WW2 German submarine U-552 sank two tankers and U-74 sank catapult armed merchant ship Empire Burton, all of Allied convoy SC-44, 200 miles east of Iceland between 0113 and 0327 hours; 102 survivors were rescued by British corvette HMS Honeysuckle. 
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20 Sep 1941 WW2 German submarine U-111 sank British ship Cingalese Prince 500 miles east of Brazil; 57 were killed, 20 survived in lifeboats. 
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20 Sep 1941 WW2 British minelaying cruiser HMS Abdiel and destroyers HMS Jervis, HMS Kimberley, and HMS Hasty delivered 1,000 troops and 120 tons of supplies to Tobruk, Libya after sundown. They departed for Alexandria, Egypt 30 minutes after arrival. 
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20 Sep 1941 WW2 The Jager Report (issued on 1 Dec 1941) noted that 128 adult male, 179 adult female, and 99 children, all Jews, were killed in Nemencing, Lithuania for a total of 403 people. 
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20 Sep 1941 WW2 An accidental fire aboard HMS Eagle killed one aircraft mechanic and damaged many Swordfish aircraft while sailing in the South Atlantic. 
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20 Sep 1941 WW2 Scirè launched three manned torpedoes into Gibraltar harbor, which sank tanker Fiona Shell (killing 1), damaged tanker RFA Denbydale, and damaged freighter Durham. All six Italian personnel manning the three torpedoes swam to Spain and would eventually return to Italy as heroes. 
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20 Sep 1942 WW2 As of this date, American Liberty ship production exceeded the rate of sinkings. 
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20 Sep 1942 WW2 Some of Mutsu's anti-aircraft personnel were disembarked to train ground-based anti-aircraft personnel at Rabaul, New Britain. 
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20 Sep 1942 WW2 US Navy Pacific Fleet's chief communications officer John Redman recommended the relief of radio intelligence officer Joseph Rochefort. 
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20 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-515 sank British ship Reedpool 120 miles northeast of Georgetown, British Guyana at 0815 hours; 5 were killed, 53 survived but 1, the captain, was captured. At 1517 hours, U-596 attacked Allied convoy SC-100 300 miles southeast of Iceland, sinking British ship Empire Hartebeeste (all 46 aboard survived). 
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20 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-435 sank British minesweeper HMS Leda of Allied convoy QP-14 180 miles west of Spitsbergen, Norway at 0631 hours; 14 were killed, 66 survived. At 1815 hours, U-255 sank US freighter Silver Sword of QP-14; 1 was killed, 63 survived. At about 1900 hours, escort carrier HMS Avenger and cruiser HMS Scylla were detached from QP-14 to head back to base. At 1955 hours, U-703 damaged British destroyer HMS Somali also of QP-14; 47 were killed, 67 survivors were taken off, and 80 survivors remained aboard as she was taken in tow by destroyer HMS Ashanti. 
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20 Sep 1942 WW2 Tenryu arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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20 Sep 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Yokosuka, Japan. 
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20 Sep 1942 WW2 USS Wahoo attacked a Japanese freighter and her escort southeast of Namonuito Atoll, Caroline Islands, hitting the freighter with 1 of 4 torpedoes. She claimed to have sunk the freighter, but the study of Japanese records after the war showed no ships lost on this date in the area. 
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20 Sep 1942 WW2 In Stalingrad, Russia, Soviet and German troops engaged in heavy fighting at the Mamayev Kurgan hill, in the Central Station, and the grain elevator. 
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20 Sep 1942 WW2 German Army Group A captured Terek, Russia. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 HMS Polyanthus (Lieutenant J. G. Aitken) was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-952, whilst on escort duties southwest of Iceland. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 The Japanese Navy formed the 13th Air Fleet on paper with Vice Admiral Shiro Takasu in command and Rear Admiral Takeo Tada as the chief of staff. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 De Havilland Vampire jet fighter took its first flight. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Cisco departed Darwin, Australia for her first and only war patrol. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 Two Ki-49 aircraft of Japanese 7th Flying Regiment attacked Port Moresby, Australian Papua. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing tanker Notoro at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 The Japanese Autumn Mop-up Operation began in Hebei, Shandong, and Henan Provinces in China; 30,000 men were deployed to wipe out Chinese Communist guerrilla forces. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 British Eighth Army captured Bari, Italy. Meanwhile, Venice was bombed by Allied planes. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 Shokaku arrived at Eniwetok, Marshall Islands. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 Naka arrived at Mili Atoll, Marshall Islands. 
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20 Sep 1943 WW2 German Armeegruppe Süd began withdrawing to a new line running from Melitopol to Zaporozhe in Ukraine. 
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20 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Franklin crossed the Equator. 
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20 Sep 1944 WW2 Indian 4th Division captured San Marino in the early afternoon. In nearby Italy, Canadian troops broke through German lines along the Ausa River. At Rimini, Italy, Greek troops reached the southern outskirts of the city. 
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20 Sep 1944 WW2 British XXX Corps linked up with US airborne troops at Nijmegen, the Netherlands; nearby, Geldrop, Someren, and Terneuzen were captured by Allied troops. 
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20 Sep 1944 WW2 From his headquarters in Chongqing, China, Milton Miles sent SACO's first comprehensive weather map to US Navy Pacific Fleet Command. These reports would continue daily until the end of the war for the planning of Leyte, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa invasions. 
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20 Sep 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Surabaya, Java. 
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20 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Tunny departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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20 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Whale arrived at waters southeast of Taiwan. 
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20 Sep 1944 WW2 The FR Fireball fighter took its first piston-jet mix-powered flight. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru demanded British troops to leave India. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 USS R-1 was decommissioned from service at Key West, Florida, United States. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 Captain Kunizo Kaneoka was named the commanding officer of light carrier Hosho. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 Joseph Stalin expressed disapproval of Georgy Zhukov's 9 Sep 1945 order in which Zhukov ordered his troops to stop committing crimes against the German people; Stalin noted that such orders failed to improve discipline. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 Naoshi Kanno was posthumously promoted to the rank of captain. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 Lu Han arrived at Hanoi, French Indochina to begin surrender negotiations with Yuitsu Tsuchihashi. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Missouri arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Ticonderoga departed Tokyo, Japan with American servicemen aboard for San Francisco, California, United States (as part of Operation Magic Carpet). 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Iowa departed Tokyo Bay, Japan with US servicemen and liberated prisoners of war on board. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Alabama departed Japan. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Sea Robin transited the Panama Canal. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 Lieutenant Commander John B. Carroll was named the commanding officer of USS Preston. 
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20 Sep 1945 WW2 Harry Truman ordered the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) to disband in 10 days. 
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20 Sep 1946 WW2 USS Hawkbill was decommissioned from US service at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, California, United States. 
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20 Sep 1947 RELIGIOUS English apologist C.S. Lewis wrote in a letter: 'Those who suffer the same things from the same people for the same Person can scarcely not love each other.'
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20 Sep 1948 RELIGIOUS American missionary Jim Elliot -- eight years before his martyrdom at the hands of the Auca Indians of Ecuador -- penned in his journal: 'I am Thine at terrible cost to Thyself. Now Thou must become mine -- as Thou didst not attend to the price, neither would I.'
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