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History on the 21st of September

History
Date Text
21 Sep 1452 RELIGIOUS Birth of Girolamo Savonarola, Italian reformer. A Dominican from 1474, he was famous for his religious zeal. For 14 years he led in the reformation of Florence, before attacks on Alexander VI led to his excommunication. In 1498, he was convicted of heresy, hanged and burned.
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21 Sep 1522 RELIGIOUS Martin Luther, 36, first published his German translation of the New Testament. (Luther's translation of the entire Bible was completed in 1534 -- perhaps the greatest literary achievement of the great Reformer.)
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21 Sep 1814 RELIGIOUS Francis Scott Key's patriotic verses, entitled "The Star Spangled Banner," were first published in "The Baltimore American." (The poem became the American National Anthem in 1931.)
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21 Sep 1848 RELIGIOUS The Arkansas Baptist State Convention was organized in Tulip, Arkansas, by 72 delegates from several area-wide Baptist churches and organizations. It was the first statewide Baptist organization in the history of Arkansas.
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21 Sep 1912 WW2 Stanley Hollis was born in Loftus, North Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom. 
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21 Sep 1931 WW2 China appealed to the League of Nations over the Japanese attacks in northeast China. The league dispatched a delegation headed by British Lord V. A. G. R. Bulwer-Lytton to China to investigate. 
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21 Sep 1931 WW2 The Japanese installed Colonel Kenji Doihara as the mayor of Mukden, Liaoning Province, China. 
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21 Sep 1931 WW2 Sun Du was assigned to the military staff of warlord Long Yun of Yunnan Province, China. 
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21 Sep 1933 WW2 The keel of cruiser Georges Leygues was laid down by At. & Ch. de St. Nazaire-Penhoet at Saint-Nazaire, France. 
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21 Sep 1933 RELIGIOUS In Germany during Hitler's rise to power, Martin Niemoeller began organizing the Pastors' Emergency League. Over 7,000 churches joined, although some 2,500 later withdrew under Nazi pressure. (The League itself gave birth to the more famous Barmen Synod, formed in May 1934.)
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21 Sep 1937 WW2 Prince Naruhiko ordered the Japanese Army Air Service to begin a renewed air offensive against the Chinese capital of Nanjing. 
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21 Sep 1937 WW2 Light carrier Hosho arrived off Guangzhou, Guangdong, China and launched aircraft to attack Tienho and Paiyun airfields, claiming 6 kills. 5 of the fighters launched ran out of fuel and were lost in the sea; all crew members were rescued. 
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21 Sep 1937 WW2 Ryujo attacked Guangzhou, Guangdong, China with 9 aircraft in the afternoon; they claimed to have shot down five of the defending Chinese Hawk III fighters. 
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21 Sep 1937 WW2 Lieutenant Yue Yiqin of the 22nd Pursuit Squadron of the Chinese 4th Pursuit Group, flying Hawk III biplane fighter designated IV-1, with other Hawk III and P-26 fighters, intercepted a group of Japanese bombers en route toward Nanjing, China. While the P-26 fighters occupied the escorting A5M fighters, Yue got through to the bombers over Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China and heavily damaged a D1A1 biplane dive bomber from carrier Kaga. The Japanese dive bomber, which was able to land at Kunda Arifled at Shanghai, China, was crewed by pilot Lieutenant Yoshiyuki Kame and gunner Petty Officer First Class Kuroki; Kuroki was killed by Yue's attack. 
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21 Sep 1937 WW2 Yuan Baokang claimed a Japanese bomber over Nanjing, China; his fighter's fuel tank was punctured during the engagement but he was able to return to base safely. 
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21 Sep 1938 WW2 Japanese luxury ocean liner Hikawa Maru ran aground on a shoal near West Point, Washington, United States in a dense fog. 
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21 Sep 1938 WW2 Spanish leader Dr. Negrin announced, in a speech to the League of Nations, that the International Brigades were to be withdrawn from the fighting. 
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21 Sep 1938 WW2 Poland demanded Czechoslovakia to hold a plebiscite for the Zaolzie region, claiming the region, with its Polish majority, wished to join Poland. The French responded to the question from Czechoslovakian President Edvard Beneš from the previous day, noting that they would only only honor the terms of the alliance if Beneš agreed to cede Sudetenland to Germany, thus avoiding war. Seeing no help from the French, Beneš turned to the Soviet Union, which would only honor the mutual defense treaty if the French honored theirs. Receiving no support from the nations who were supposedly his allies, Beneš gave up and accepted the German demands for Sudetenland in the late afternoon. 
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21 Sep 1939 WW2 60,000 survivors of the Polish Southern Army surrendered at Tomaszov and Zamosz, Poland. 
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21 Sep 1939 WW2 Reinhard Heydrich authorized the formation of Jewish ghettos in Poland, each governed by a Judenrat (Jewish Council); the ghettos were to be formed in large Polish cities with access to major railroads. He also authorized the formation of Einsatzgruppen. 
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21 Sep 1939 WW2 Romanian Prime Minister Armand Calinescu was assassinated by fascists for his sympathetic treatment of Poles. 
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21 Sep 1939 WW2 President Franklin Roosevelt told the US Congress that the United States should relax its neutrality laws to enable its arms manufacturers to sell to belligerent countries. 
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21 Sep 1940 WW2 German submarine U-138 attacked Allied convoy OB-216 10 miles off Malin Head, Ireland at 0227 hours, damaging British ship Empire Adventure, killing 21. Empire Adventure was taken in tow, but would sink on 23 Sep. 
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21 Sep 1940 WW2 German submarine U-47 detected Allied convoy HX-72 400 miles west of Ireland. With only one torpedo left and seeing so many potential targets (the convoy contained 41 merchant ships and had only 4 destroyers, 1 sloop, and 2 corvettes in escort), commanding officer of U-47 Günther Prien radioed the finding to eight other German submarines. Between 0312 and 0447 hours, German submarine U-99 sank British tanker Invershannon (16 killed, 32 survived), British ship Baron Blythswood (entire crew of 34 killed), and British ship Elmbank (2 killed, 54 survived). At 0614 hours, German submarine U-48 sank British ship Blairangus (6 killed, 28 survived). At 2310 hours, German submarine U-100 sank British ship Canonesa (1 killed, 62 survived), British ship Dalcairn (entire crew of 48 survived), and British tanker Torinia (entire crew of 55 survived). At 2338 hours, U-48 struck again, damaging British ship Broompark (1 killed). 
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21 Sep 1940 WW2 British carrier HMS Ark Royal, battleship HMS Barham, battleship HMS Resolution, cruiser HMS Devonshire, French sloop Commandant Domine, French sloop Commandant Duboc, and French sloop Savorgnan De Brazza, and several destroyers and troop transports departed Freetown, West Africa for Dakar. 
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21 Sep 1940 WW2 Werner Mölders was awarded Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross medal for being the first fighter pilot to achieve 40 victories. 
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21 Sep 1940 WW2 Through out most of the day, the German Luftwaffe only dispatched reconnaissance missions against Britain. The only major raid of the day came at 1800 hours when over 200 aircraft flew toward London, England, United Kingdom; this attack was turned back by British fighters. In London, the British government officially sanctioned the usage of the Tube underground rail stations as air raid shelters, though this usage had already been in place for some time; many stations had already been equipped with first aid stations, food canteens, bunks, and toilets. The Tube tunnel near the Aldwych branch of the Piccadilly Line was reinforced with concrete and was used to store antiques and artifacts from the British Museum such as the Elgin Marbles. Overnight, London and Liverpool were bombed. 
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21 Sep 1941 WW2 German Stuka dive bombers sank Soviet battleship Marat in shallow water at Kronstadt near Leningrad, Russia with two 1,000-kilogram bombs. 
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21 Sep 1941 WW2 German submarine U-201 sank British ships Runa, Lissa, and Rhineland of Allied convoy OG-74 500 miles west of Brest, France at 2320 hours. While British rescue ship Walmer Castle came to aid the survivors, a German Fw 200 aircraft attacked her, killing 16 previously-rescued survivors onboard the ship; Walmer Castle sustained heavy damage in the attack and was scuttled by British corvette HMS Marigold and sloop HMS Deptford. 
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21 Sep 1941 WW2 Allied convoy ON.18 departed Liverpool, England, United Kingdom with destroyers HMS Leamington, HMS Saladin, HMS Skate, and HMS Veteran in escort. 
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21 Sep 1941 WW2 Joseph Stalin sent a message to Georgy Zhukov, Andrei Zhdanov, Nikolai Kuznetsov, and Vsevolod Merkulov, noting that if the Germans used Russian civilians as messengers to request Soviet troops at Leningrad, Russia to surrender, those civilians must be all killed for that they were "more dangerous than the fascists". 
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21 Sep 1941 WW2 Soviet forces attacked the Romanian 15th Infantry Division near Odessa, Ukraine by landing 1,617 troops of the 3rd Naval Rifle Regiment (by Soviet cruiser Krasni Kavkaz, cruiser Krasni Krym, destroyer Boyki, destroyer Besposhchadny, destroyer Bezuprechny, and destroyer Frunze) and by launching 157th and 421st Rifle Divisions on the ground. Destroyer Frunze was sunk by German Stuka dive bombers in the action. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 RAF bombers conducted a raid on München, Germany. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 The inter-Allies information committee estimated that the Germans had thus far executed 207,373 people in occupied Europe. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 US Navy torpedoes began to be equipped with a new depth control device; the predecessor device was found to be running the torpedoes 10 feet too deep. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 USS Grouper sank Japanese merchant ship Tone Maru 85 miles east of Shanghai, China. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 USS Trout sank Japanese auxiliary net layer Koei Maru 55 miles south of Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-606 approached Allied convoy QP-14 between Greenland and Jan Mayen Island, Norway at 1114 hours but was driven off by a Norwegian-piloted British Catalina aircraft; U-606 fought back and shot down the aircraft. To the east, convoy PQ-18 arrived at Arkhangelsk, Russia. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 German submarine U-175 sank Yugoslavian ship Predsednik Kopajtic 20 miles off British Guyana at 0640 hours; 3 were killed, 25 survived. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Unruffled sank Italian auxiliary minesweeper Aquila with the deck gun and and Vichy French merchant Liberia with torpedoes 8 miles off Mehedia, Tunisia at 0105 hours. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 Australian 16th Infantry Brigade arrived at Port Moresby, Australian Papua. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 British forces began their first land counter-offensive against the Japanese in the Arakan region of Burma. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 Tenryu embarked 56 Type 3 Model 1 naval mines as cargo while at Truk, Caroline Islands; these mines were mine for Tulagi, Solomon Islands. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 Joseph Stilwell had dinner with the Chiang household and shared photographs of the Chinese troop training at Ramgarh, India. In Stilwell's diary entry for the day, he noted that he was able to converse with Chiang Kaishek entirely in Chinese for the first time without the help of Song Meiling who usually helped in the role of translator. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 German training submarine U-446 struck a mine and sank in the Gulf of Danzig, Germany. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 British rescue tug HMS St. Olaves ran around off Duncansby Head, Scotland, United Kingdom and was declared a total loss. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 Garland completed her permanent repairs at Troon, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 The keel of the future US Navy submarine Corvina was laid down at the Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut, United States. 
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21 Sep 1942 WW2 US Navy Admiral William Purnell, after speaking with OSS chief William Donovan, made Milton Miles the head of OSS operations in China. Miles, however, was not informed of this. 
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21 Sep 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Davao, Philippine Islands. 
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21 Sep 1943 WW2 The southern portion of the German defensive Panther Line was breached when Red Army units crossed the Dneiper River near Dnepropetrovsk in Ukraine. 
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21 Sep 1943 WW2 Picking was commissioned into service. 
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21 Sep 1943 WW2 German troops attacked and killed thousands of troops of Italian Acqui Division, which had refused to surrender, on Cephalonia, Greece. 
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21 Sep 1943 WW2 Naka arrived at Wotje Atoll, Marshall Islands. 
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21 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Bluefish attacked a Japanese ship in the Celebes Sea; all four torpedoes missed. 
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21 Sep 1943 WW2 British Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Kingsley Wood, suddenly died (age 62) at his London Home on the morning he was due to announce his new Pay As You Earn taxation scheme to Parliament. 
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21 Sep 1944 WW2 In the morning, troops of Greek 3rd Mountain Brigade captured Rimini, Italy, which had been evacuated by the Germans overnight, and raised a Greek flag on the balcony of the municipal building; the mayor officially surrendered the city at 0745 hours. US 85th Division captured Firenzuola, Italy. Indian 4th Division withdrew from San Marino. 
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21 Sep 1944 WW2 German Armeegruppe E evacuated the Peloponnese Peninsula in Greece. 
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21 Sep 1944 WW2 US 83rd Infantry Division became part of the Third Army of US 12th Army Group. 
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21 Sep 1944 WW2 The second authorized special attack was conducted by three Japanese Army aircraft. 
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21 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Permit departed Brisbane, Australia, starting her fourtheenth war patrol. 
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21 Sep 1944 WW2 George Patton traveled to Paris, France to meet with Dwight Eisenhower over lunch. 
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21 Sep 1944 WW2 Men of Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade landed between Arnhem and Nijmegen in the Netherlands as British airborne troops in Arnhem were becoming overwhelmed. Nearby, Schijndel was captured by the Allies. 
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21 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Alabama escorted US carriers as carrier aircraft began attacking Japanese positions in the Manila Bay area in the Philippine Islands. 
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21 Sep 1944 WW2 Josip Broz Tito arrived in Romania. 
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21 Sep 1945 WW2 The last Beaufighter aircraft (SR919) to be built in the United Kingdom rolled off the production line, bringing total British production to 5,526 machines. 
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21 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Pollack was decommissioned from service. 
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21 Sep 1945 WW2 Henry Stimson stepped down from his position as the United States Secretary of War. 
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21 Sep 1945 WW2 Aleksandr Vadis reported to Soviet SMERSH officer Isai Babich that, between 9 Aug and 18 Sep 1945, 2,249 were arrested in northeastern China (666 Japanese military intelligence officers and agents, 569 Japanese policemen, and 552 Soviet citizens). 
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21 Sep 1945 WW2 Milton Miles arrived at his headquarters in Chongqing, China. 
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21 Sep 1945 WW2 Soviet operative Andrei Onishchenko arrived in Turkey under the guise of a diplomatic courier; he was tasked with capturing Konstantin Volkov who was in the process of defecting to the United Kingdom. 
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21 Sep 1945 WW2 USS Flying Fish arrived at New London, Connecticut, United States to serve as the flagship of Commander, Submarine Force, Atlantic Fleet. 
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21 Sep 1947 WW2 Kliment Voroshilov was given the medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow". 
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21 Sep 1949 WW2 He Yingqin was named the chairman of the military committee of the Office of the President of the Republic of China. 
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