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History on the 25th of September

History
Date Text
25 Sep 1555 RELIGIOUS The Peace of Augsburg was signed, resolving bitter disputes between Protestants and Catholics in the German states. Its wider significance, however, meant that both the political unity of Germany and the medieval unity of Christendom was permanently dissolved.
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25 Sep 1789 RELIGIOUS The establishment of religion on a national level was expressly prohibited in the U.S. with the adoption of the First Amendment, the opening words of which read: 'Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.' Final ratification of the First Amendment came in 1791.
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25 Sep 1872 RELIGIOUS Death of Peter Cartwright, 87, early American Methodist circuit rider. Converted at age 29, Cartwright possessed a rough, uneducated and eccentric personality; but he spent over 50 of his 87 years spreading the Gospel through the Midwestern frontiers of Kentucky and Illinois.
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25 Sep 1890 RELIGIOUS Polygamy was officially banned by the Mormon Church. (This announcement followed on the heels of an 1890 Supreme Court ruling denying all privileges of U.S. citizenship to Mormons who practiced this outlawed form of marriage.)
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25 Sep 1908 RELIGIOUS Death of English Old Testament textual scholar Henry A. Redpath, 60. From 1892-1906, Redpath and Edwin Hatch compiled "A Concordance to the Septuagint and Other Greek Versions of the Old Testament"-- still in print today!
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25 Sep 1914 WW1 Begin of First Battle of Albert
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25 Sep 1915 WW1 Begin of Battle of Loos
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25 Sep 1918 WW2 Douglas MacArthur participated in a raid on German lines that began after nightfall and lasted through the next morning. For this action, he was later awarded his sixth Silver Star medal. 
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25 Sep 1926 WW2 Aoba was launched at Nagasaki, Japan. 
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25 Sep 1930 WW2 Song Ziwen was named the acting chief of the Executive Yuan. 
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25 Sep 1937 WW2 Battle of Pingxingguan: Communist Chinese forces successfully ambushed Japanese forces at this gate of the Great Wall of China. 
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25 Sep 1937 WW2 Japanese bombers flew 95 sorties over Nanjing, China between 0930 and 1630 hours, dropping 500 bombs which caused more than 600 mostly civilian casualties. The National Central Hospital, which had a large red cross painted on the roof, was also damaged by bombs. 
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25 Sep 1939 WW2 Artillery duels took place on the Western Front of the European War. 
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25 Sep 1939 WW2 Germany introduced food rationing. 
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25 Sep 1939 WW2 Franz Halder noted in his diary that he believed Adolf Hitler was ready to plan a war with France and Britain. 
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25 Sep 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler arrived in Berlin, Germany. 
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25 Sep 1939 WW2 Kichisaburo Nomura was named the Foreign Minister in Prime Minister Nobuyuki Abe's cabinet. 
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25 Sep 1939 WW2 Warsaw, Poland suffered heavy Luftwaffe bombing and artillery bombardment as Adolf Hitler arrived to observe the attack. To the east, Soviet troops captured Bialystok, Poland. Meanwhile, Joseph Stalin proposed to the Germans that the Soviet Union would take Lithuania which was previously within the German sphere of influence; in exchange, the Soviets would give the portions of Poland near Warsaw which were previously within the Soviet sphere of influence but had already been overrun by German troops. 
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25 Sep 1940 WW2 Vichy France instituted a court-martial body for crimes committed against the state. There was no appeal, and sentence was to be carried out within 24 hours. 
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25 Sep 1940 WW2 The German merchant ship Weser was captured off the coast of Manzillo, Mexico by the Royal Canadian Navy armed merchant cruiser Prince Robert. 
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25 Sep 1940 WW2 France surrendered Indochina to Japan, but fighting continued. 
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25 Sep 1940 WW2 Operation Lucid: The British Royal Navy filled each of the two old tankers War Nizam and War Nawab with 2,000-3,000 tons of heavy fuel oil, diesel oil, and gasoline, then dispatched them from Sheerness in southeast England and Portsmouth in southern England with destroyers, minesweepers, and torpedo boats as escorts. These two oil tankers were meant to act as fire ships against the German invasion barges which had gathered in French ports along the English Channel, but the operation was canceled when War Nizam broke down. 
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25 Sep 1940 WW2 Operation Menace: The British fleet bombarded Dakar in French West Africa in the morning. At 0900 hours, French submarine Beveziers attacked British battleship HMS Resolution, damaging her; she had to be towed back by battleship HMS Barham while the rest of the British warships fell back. The British War Cabinet decided to cancel the operation after all attempts to enter Dakar failed. Meanwhile, Vichy French bombers from Algeria and Morocco again bombed Gibraltar in retaliation to the British and Free French attacks on Dakar, lighting damaging port facilities and sinking British anti-submarine trawler Stella Sirius. 
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25 Sep 1940 WW2 German submarine U-32 sank British ship Mabriton 500 miles west of Ireland at 0325 hours; 12 were killed and 25 survived. German submarine U-43 sank British ship Sulairia 400 miles west of Ireland at 1330 hours; 1 was killed and 56 survived. Shortly after at 1400 hours in the same general area west of Ireland, German submarine U-29 attacked British ship Eurymedon; she would sink two days later; the final casualty list included 20 crew and 9 passengers killed; 42 crew and 22 passengers survived. 
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25 Sep 1940 WW2 Adolf Galland was awarded Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross by Adolf Hitler for achieving 40 kills. 
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25 Sep 1940 WW2 Joachim von Ribbentrop alerted the German embassy in the Soviet Union that Japan was likely to join Germany and Italy in an alliance. Should this happen, the ambassador was to alert the Soviet Union of this news, and to ensure the USSR that this alliance was meant to deter the United States from entering the war and in no way was meant to be formed against Soviet interests. 
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25 Sep 1940 WW2 At 1145 hours, 27 German bombers escorted by 30 fighters attacked the Bristol Aeroplane Company factory at Filton in southwestern England, United Kingdom; construction sheds and 8 newly-built aircraft were destroyed, while 132 were killed and 315 were wounded; the Germans lost 6 aircraft (8 killed, 10 taken prisoner), while the British lost 4 fighters (1 killed). At 1647 hours, 24 German bombers escorted by 12 Bf 110 fighters attacked Plymouth in southern England, losing 1 bomber. Overnight, London and other cities were bombed, while other German bombers laid mines in the Thames Estuary. 
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25 Sep 1941 WW2 Hitler ordered a halt to attacks on Leningrad in northern Russia, instead ordering that the city be starved into submission. 
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25 Sep 1941 WW2 Zuikaku was commissioned into service. 
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25 Sep 1941 WW2 German submarine U-124 sank British ship Empire Stream 500 miles north of the Azores islands at 0744 hours; 8 were killed, 27 survived. 
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25 Sep 1941 WW2 John Kennedy enlisted in the US Navy. 
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25 Sep 1941 WW2 The Jager Report (issued on 1 Dec 1941) noted that 215 adult male, 229 adult female, and 131 children, all Jews, were killed in Jahiuna, Lithuania for a total of 575 people. 
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25 Sep 1941 WW2 Captain Tsunekichi Fukuzawa was named the commanding officer of repair ship Akashi. 
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25 Sep 1941 WW2 German and Romanian troops reached the Perekop Isthmus in Russia and began to cut off the Crimean Peninsula. 
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25 Sep 1941 WW2 The keel of submarine Sunfish was laid down at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, United States. 
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25 Sep 1942 WW2 RAF Mosquito aircraft conducted a daring low-level raid on the Gestapo Headquarters in Oslo, Norway. 
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25 Sep 1942 WW2 Japanese troops landed on Beru, Gilbert Islands. 
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25 Sep 1942 WW2 Japanese ships ferried 100 fighters and 80 bombers to Rabaul, New Britain. 
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25 Sep 1942 WW2 Hitler dismissed the Chief of the Army General Staff, Colonel-General Halder, and appointed General Zeitzler to succeed him. At the same time responsibility for the employment of General Staff Corps personnel was taken away from the Chief of the General Staff and given to the Army Personnel Office, which was directly subordinate to Hitler. 
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25 Sep 1942 WW2 Captain Gilbert Corwin Hoover was named the commanding officer of USS Helena, relieving Commander Oliver Middleton. 
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25 Sep 1942 WW2 Akagi was removed from the Japanese Navy List. 
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25 Sep 1942 WW2 In England, United Kingdom, RAF Wickenby, recently completed from land requisitioned by the Air Ministry in 1941, became operational with the arrival from Binbrook of No. 12 Squadron of 1 Group Bomber Command. Initially flying Wellington bombers, the squadron would convert to Lancaster bombers in Nov 1942. 
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25 Sep 1942 WW2 After sundown, German aircraft attacked Penzance, southwestern England, United Kingdom. 
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25 Sep 1942 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt dedicated the US Marine Corps base Camp Pendleton in San Diego County, California, United States. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 Soviet troops captured Roslavl and Smolensk, Russia. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 All Jewish ghettos in Byelorussia were liquidated. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 The last report of the US submarine Pompano was received while she was on patrol off Honshu, Japan; she was presumed to have been sunk by newly laid Japanese mines. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Sunfish ended her fourth war patrol. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 Shokaku arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 Yamato arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands after failing to make contact with US Navy Task Force 15. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 General Otto Fretter-Pico was named the commanding officer of German 148th Infantry Division in Italy. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 Italian resistance fighters captured a stock of 250 rifles which had been previously confiscated by German authorities in Naples, Italy. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 Unryu was launched at Yokosuka, Japan. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 Naka departed Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Bluefish sank a Japanese ship south of Celebes, Dutch East Indies, hitting her with 3 of 10 torpedoes fired. 
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25 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Wahoo sank freighter Taiko Maru in the Sea of Japan. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 Iro Ilk was shot down and killed near Moers, Germany. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 Germany formed the Volkssturm. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 The remaining 2,163 British airborne troops were evacuated from Arnhem, the Netherlands; the original strength was about 10,000. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 Norwegian ministers urged Germany to withdraw from Norwegian occupation. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Snook arrived at Saipan, Mariana Islands for repairs. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Becuna fired three torpedoes at a Japanese destroyer in the Luzon Strait south of Taiwan; all torpedoes missed. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 Yasoshima received orders to move to the front. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 French Army B was redesignated French 1st Army; Jean de Lattre de Tassigny remained the unit's commanding officer. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Surabaya, Java and arrived at Jamuan. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 Having taken Boulogne, France, Canadian 3rd Division assaulted Calais where their operation to capture the port would be complicated by the presence of 20,000 French civilians who have not been evacuated. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 British prisoner of war Lieutenant Mike Sinclair was killed by a German guard while attempting to escape from the Oflag IV-C camp at Colditz Castle in Germany. He had attempted to escape several times prior, and through these attempted had earned the respect of his captors, who allowed the British prisoners to bury Sinclair with full military honors. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Whale arrived at Bashi Channel between Taiwan and Philippine Islands. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Astoria transited the Panama Canal and then made port call at Balboa, Panama. 
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25 Sep 1944 WW2 Slovakian Captain Frantisek Urban, tricked by the Soviets to visit Moscow in Russia, was arrested by SMERSH and was transferred to the Lubyanka Prison. 
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25 Sep 1945 WW2 The Nazi Party was officially declared illegal in Germany. 
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25 Sep 1945 WW2 The last of the Soviet Army forces departed Norway. 
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25 Sep 1945 WW2 Viktor Abakumov ordered the curtailment of looting by Soviet troops in Germany. 
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25 Sep 1945 WW2 Milton Miles was awarded the Order of the White Cloud and Golden Banner of the Republic of China while he was at his headquarters in Chongqing, China. 
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25 Sep 1945 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's request for transfer to sea duty was accepted; he was ordered to be detached from the US Navy Office of Naval Operations on 1 Oct 1945. 
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25 Sep 1945 WW2 William Donovan presided over the closing ceremonies of the Office of Strategic Services. 
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