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History on the 27th of September

History
Date Text
27 Sep 1540 RELIGIOUS Through the encyclical "Regimini militantis ecclesiae," Pope Paul III officially approved the Society of Jesus, a body of priests organized by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 for missionary work. Today, the Jesuits constitute the largest Catholic teaching order in the United States.
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27 Sep 1735 RELIGIOUS Birth of Robert Robinson, English clergyman and author of the hymn, "Come, Thou Fount of Every Blessing." He was converted at age 20 under the preaching of revivalist George Whitefield.
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27 Sep 1785 RELIGIOUS The Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S. was founded on this date, following the American Revolutionary War, when U.S. Anglicans met in Philadelphia to create a denomination independent from and autonomous of the Church of England.
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27 Sep 1914 WW2 In West Africa, the British captured Douala, the Cameroons principle port and wireless station, without a shot being fired. 
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27 Sep 1914 WW2 The first French bomber groupe was formed with Voisin biplanes. 
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27 Sep 1914 WW2 Chuichi Nagumo studied an advanced course at the mine warfare school. 
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27 Sep 1918 WW2 At the Battle of Canal du Nord in France, Lord Gort led his men to advance under heavy fire despite being wounded. He would later win the Victoria Cross. 
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27 Sep 1918 WW2 Robert Greim achieved his 25th kill over France. 
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27 Sep 1922 WW2 Eighteen Naval Aircraft Factory PT (Patrol Torpedo) aircraft were deployed by the US Navy in the first full-scale torpedo practice off the Virginia capes in eastern United States; three battleships manoeuvred in open water during the 25-minute exercise during which eight hits were scored. 
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27 Sep 1923 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's son Joseph Rochefort, Jr. was born in California, United States. 
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27 Sep 1928 WW2 Settsu received a new commanding officer. 
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27 Sep 1929 WW2 Joseph Rochefort arrived at Kobe, Japan via passenger ship President Adams. 
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27 Sep 1931 WW2 In response to the Japanese aggression during the Mukden Incident, Governor Zhang Jinghui of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China called for a conference with his lieutenants to plan a secession of the region from the Republic of China. 
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27 Sep 1933 WW2 A national synod at Wittenberg, Germany elected Ludwig Müller as Reich Bishop. Müller would formally accept his appointment by arriving at the same Schlosskirche where Luther had nailed his Ninety-Five to the door four centuries before. Müller was accompanied by church leaders wearing brown SA uniforms and a troop of soldiers in full marching order wearing a green bordered badge depicting the swastika and crucifix interlinked. 
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27 Sep 1936 WW2 Jules Marcel de Coppet was named the Governor-General of French West Africa. 
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27 Sep 1937 WW2 Liu Cuigang, flying a Hawk III fighter, led a flight of six others to drop 110-pound bombs on Japanese tank concentrations reported near Luodian, Shanghai, China. Failing to find the tanks but seeing Japanese fighters, Liu ordered all bombs jettisoned in order to engage the fighters. Liu would claim one Japanese fighter shot down. 
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27 Sep 1938 WW2 Franz Halder and other German Army officers set 29 Sep 1938 as the launch date of their revolt should Adolf Hitler lead Germany into a war over the Sudetenland crisis. 
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27 Sep 1938 WW2 Germany passed law to revoke licenses to practice law for all Jewish attorneys, effective 30 Nov 1938; thereafter Jewish attorneys could only act as "consultants" for other Jews on matters of law. 
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27 Sep 1938 WW2 In the early afternoon, Adolf Hitler moved several divisions to the German-Czechoslovakian border. In the late afternoon, he called for a military parade on the Unter den Linden boulevard in Berlin, Germany to rouse a patriotic sentiment; Berlin citizens responded coolly, however. In the United Kingdom, British military mobilized for war, school children were evacuated from London, while trenches were dug in the city's parks. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain recommended Czechoslovakian President Edvard Beneš to accept a partial military occupation of Sudetenland by the Germans. In the United States, President Franklin Roosevelt called for an international conference in an attempt to maintain peace. The King of Sweden also attempted to calm Hitler down, sending him a message advising him that German's current strength was no match for the combined strength of the opposing powers. Even the chief of the German Navy Erich Raeder attempted to convince Hitler to not provoke war. Late in the day, Czechoslovakia finally received some foreign support when Yugoslavia and Romania declared that they would offer military assistance should Hungary use force against Czechoslovakia. 
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27 Sep 1938 WW2 RMS Queen Elizabeth was launched at Clydebank, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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27 Sep 1939 WW2 Sir John Simon’s first war budget for Britain called for income tax to increase from 5 shillings and 6 pence per pound to 7 shillings and 6 pence per pound. 
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27 Sep 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered to his top military leaders to begin planning for a war in the west, with a target launch date of 12 Nov 1939. The generals would complain that the date was too soon. 
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27 Sep 1939 WW2 The Polish government in exile was established in Paris, France. 
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27 Sep 1939 WW2 Reinhard Heydrich was appointed the head of Reichssicherheitshauptamt. 
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27 Sep 1939 WW2 Dachau Concentration Camp in Germany was temporarily closed until 18 Feb 1940 for use of training SS units; prisoners of Dachau were sent to Mauthausen Concentration Camp. 
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27 Sep 1939 WW2 Warsaw, Poland fell to the Germans after two weeks of siege. Near Grabowiec, Soviets executed 150 Polish policemen. 
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27 Sep 1939 WW2 Representatives of the German Gestapo organization and the Soviet NKVD organization met at Bugiem, Poland (now Brest, Belarus) to coordinate the suppression of Polish resistance efforts. 
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27 Sep 1940 WW2 Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact. 
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27 Sep 1940 WW2 300 miles west of Ireland, German submarine U-31 sank Norwegian ship Vestvard at 1113 hours (1 killed, 30 survived in one lifeboat) and German submarine U-37 sank Egyptian ship Georges Mabro shortly before midnight (all aboard were killed). 500 miles west of Saint-Nazaire, France, German submarine U-46 dove suddenly due to mechanical failure, killing Oberbootsmaat Heinrich Schenk and Matrosenobergefreiter Wilhelm Reh; control was regained, and the commanding officer aborted the mission to return to Saint-Nazaire for repairs. 
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27 Sep 1940 WW2 British minesweeper HMS Halcyon hit a mine at the mouth of River Tees in the North Sea off northern England and was heavily damaged. 
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27 Sep 1940 WW2 Douglas Bader shot down a German Bf 109 aircraft. 
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27 Sep 1940 WW2 At 0900 hours, 80 German bombers escorted by 100 fighters flew over Kent toward London, England, United Kingdom; most of the bombers were turned back near Maidstone and Tonbridge, but some got through and released their bombs over London. At 1120 hours, 25 bombers escorted by 45 Bf 110 fighters were intercepted before they reached their industrial targets in Bristol. Between 1200 and 1230 hours, 300 German aircraft, mostly fighters, conducted a sweep and engaged in dogfights near London; 20 bombers within this group were able to bomb London. By the end of the day, the Germans lost 21 bombers and 34 fighters while the British lost 27 fighters with 13 pilots killed. Overnight, London, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Birmingham, and Nottingham were bombed. 
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27 Sep 1940 WW2 James Lacey shot down a German Bf 109 fighter over Britain. 
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27 Sep 1940 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down his 6th kill, a British Hurricane fighter, over London, England, United Kingdom. In doing so, he abandoned his duty as wingman to flight leader Staffelkapitän Adolf Buhl, and Buhl would happen to be shot down in combat in this engagement. 
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27 Sep 1940 WW2 British newspaper The Daily Herald, on its front page story, reported that six evacuee children from the liner City of Benares, which had been torpedoed by Kapitanleutnant Heinrich Bleichrodt on 17 Sep 1940, had been rescued from a lifeboat in the mid-Atlantic. 
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27 Sep 1940 WW2 The United States announced that, with effect from 15 October 1940, they would be imposing an embargo on the export of iron and steel scrap to all nations except those in the western hemisphere and Great Britain. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 The first rains fell on Eastern Front of the European War; mud began to become an issue for the attacking German forces. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 German submarine U-66 sank Panamanian tanker I. C. White after sundown; 3 were killed, 34 survived. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 German submarine U-201 attacked Allied convoy HG-73 600 miles north of the Azores islands, sinking two merchant ships and the anti-aircraft ship HMS Springbank; 32 were killed, 201 survived. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 14 Liberty Ships were launched in the United States; they were to be transferred to the United Kingdom via the Lend-Lease program. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 British submarine HMS Upright sank Italian submarine chaser Albatros between Sicily and mainland Italy. German submarine U-371 rescued 42 survivors. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 British minelaying cruiser HMS Abdiel and destroyers HMS Kandahar, HMS Jaguar, and HMS Griffin departed Alexandria, Egypt after sundown with supplies for Tobruk, Libya. This would be the final Operation Supercharge supply run for the besieged city. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 The Jager Report (issued on 1 Dec 1941) noted that 989 adult male, 1,636 adult female, and 821 children, all Jews, were killed in Eysisky, Lithuania for a total of 3,446 people. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 The Italian garrison at Wolchefit Pass in Abyssinia surrendered to British King's African Rifles regiment. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 Japanese troops in plain clothes infiltrated the north gate of the walled city of Changsha, Hunan Province, China, but failed to complete their sabotage mission. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 Joseph Rochefort warned US commanders at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii that the Japanese communication codes were being changed. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 An Italian torpedo bomber hit British battleship HMS Nelson in the bow with a torpedo in the Mediterranean Sea between Sardinia, Italy and Tunisia; Nelson was escorting the Operation Halberd convoy for Malta. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 HMS London arrived in Archangel, Russia with Lord Beaverbrook and Averell Harriman aboard. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 The Soviet GKO issued the Directive to Organize a Strategic Defense, which proved to be disastrous as it led to over 50 divisions of Soviet troops being trapped at Vyazma and Bryansk in Russia shortly after. 
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27 Sep 1941 WW2 23,000 Jews were massacred at Kamenets-Podolsk, Ukraine. 
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27 Sep 1942 WW2 Japanese troops landed on Kuria, Gilbert Islands. 
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27 Sep 1942 WW2 German auxiliary cruiser Stier sank American liberty ship Stephen Hopkins in the Caribbean Sea at about 1000 hours, but sustained damage in the engagement. Later on the same day, dead in the water, Stier's crew scuttled the ship just before noon. 
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27 Sep 1942 WW2 Joseph Stilwell received orders to plan for an offensive into northern Burma to open the Ledo Road and Burma Road. 
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27 Sep 1942 WW2 US Coast Guard Signalman First Class Douglas A. Munro, in charge of twenty-four Higgins boats, was killed during a mission to rescue nearly five hundred US Marines beleaguered by Japanese forces at Point Cruz, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. By placing his own boat as a shield to protect the evacuating Marines he undoubtedly saved many lives. For his devotion to duty he would later be granted a posthumous Medal of Honor by President Franklin Roosevelt. 
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27 Sep 1942 WW2 USS Whale arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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27 Sep 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Yokohama, Japan. 
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27 Sep 1942 WW2 Lydia Litvyak shot down a German Ju 88A-4 bomber and shared the credit for downing the Bf 109G-2 fighter piloted by Horst Loose over Stalingrad, Russia while flying a Yak-1 fighter. 
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27 Sep 1942 WW2 German Luftwaffe unit III./KG 4 (flying He 111 bombers) flew its last bombing sortie over Stalingrad, Russia. The unit would soon be transported out of its base in Morozovsk, Russia for Germany to undergo glider towing training. 
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27 Sep 1942 WW2 The Taichu Prisoners of War Camp near Taichu (now Taichung), Taiwan was opened. 
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27 Sep 1943 WW2 One of the Nazi officials in Rome demanded that the Jewish community pay one hundred pounds of gold within thirty-six hours or three hundred Jews would be taken prisoner. The Vatican would open its treasury to help the Jews reach the required amount. 
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27 Sep 1943 WW2 German troops started to withdraw all forces out of Ukraine to defensive positions on the west side of the Dnieper River. 
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27 Sep 1943 WW2 British 78th Infantry Division captured the major airfield complex near Foggia, Italy. 
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27 Sep 1943 WW2 German occupation administration arrested thousands of rioters in Naples, Italy; Italian resistance fighters took the opportunity to begin an armed uprising, capturing Castel Sant'Elmo by the end of the day. 
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27 Sep 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho exited the drydocks at Kure, Japan. 
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27 Sep 1943 WW2 The last German-held port on the Black Sea, Temryuk, Russia, was captured by the Red Army. 
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27 Sep 1943 WW2 USS Seahorse arrived at Midway Atoll, ending her first war patrol. 
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27 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Flasher sank Japanese transport ship Ural Maru, killing about 2,000. 
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27 Sep 1944 WW2 German Armeegruppe E withdrew from western Greece. 
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27 Sep 1944 WW2 2,000 fighters of the Armia Krajowa surrendered in Warsaw, Poland. 
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27 Sep 1944 WW2 Allied troops captured Helmond and Oss in the Netherlands. 
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27 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Sunfish arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her eighth war patrol. 
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27 Sep 1944 WW2 Unryu arrived at Kure, Japan. 
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27 Sep 1944 WW2 James Johnson shot down a German Bf 109 fighter over Nijmegen, the Netherlands, scoring his final kill of the war. 
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27 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Whale was spotted by a Japanese patrol craft between Taiwan and Philippine Islands but was able to escape. 
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27 Sep 1944 WW2 USS Tang departed Midway, where she stopped to refuel. 
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27 Sep 1945 WW2 Emperor Showa visited General Douglas MacArthur. 
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27 Sep 1945 WW2 Allied repatriation ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Mille, Marshall Islands, embarked Japanese troops, and departed later in the same day. 
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27 Sep 1945 WW2 2,000 Portuguese military personnel arrived at in Portuguese Timor. 
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27 Sep 1946 WW2 The first of the two-seat Hurricane trainer aircraft to be transferred from Britain to Iran departed Langley Airfield in Berkshire, England, United Kingdom. 
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27 Sep 1947 RELIGIOUS The Church of South India was officially formed by the merger of three denominations: the Anglicans, the Methodists and the South India United Church (a Presbyterian and Congregational union). Historically, it was the first union ever between episcopal and non-episcopal bodies.
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27 Sep 1957 RELIGIOUS The dramatic anthology series "Crossroads" aired for the last time over ABC television. Depicting the work of various clergymen, the series had premiered in October 1955.
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26th September 28th September
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