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History on the 13th of October

History
Date Text
13 Oct 1670 RELIGIOUS In Virginia, slavery was banned for Negroes who arrived in the American colonies as Christians. (The law was repealed in 1682.)
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13 Oct 1843 RELIGIOUS B'nai B'rith ("Sons of the Covenant") was established in New York City by a group of German Jews. It is both the oldest and the largest of the Jewish fraternal organizations.
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13 Oct 1916 WW2 Omar Bradley was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. 
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13 Oct 1917 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt met with US President Woodrow Wilson at 2300 hours in Washington DC, United States. 
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13 Oct 1917 RELIGIOUS The Virgin Mary last appeared to three shepherd children near Fatima, Portugal. Six visions had occurred between May and October, each on the 13th of the month. (This last vision was attended by over 50,000 pilgrims.)
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13 Oct 1926 WW2 He Yingqin was named the director of academy affairs at the Whampoa Military Academy in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. 
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13 Oct 1937 WW2 Germany, in a note to Brussels, guaranteed the inviolability and integrity of Belgium. 
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13 Oct 1937 WW2 50,000 Japanese troops marched for Xinkou, Shanxi, China, supported by 30 aircraft, 40 pieces of artillery, and 50 light tanks and tankettes. 
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13 Oct 1938 WW2 Chinese troops withdrew from the Wanjialing area in Jiangxi, China, the site of a victory three days prior. 
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13 Oct 1939 WW2 General Wilhelm List was named the commanding officer of the German 12th Army. 
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13 Oct 1939 WW2 With the offer for peace rejected by the French on 7 Oct and by the British on 12 Oct, Germany announced that the western powers desired war, and Germany could not be blamed for military action on the German-French border. 
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13 Oct 1939 WW2 German pocket battleship Deutschland sank Norwegian freighter Lorentz W. Hansen 420 miles east of Newfoundland. 
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13 Oct 1940 WW2 During the night, many British aircraft were launched to attack battleship Tirpitz in Wilhelmshaven, Germany, but in poor weather only 4 Hampden aircraft were able to locate the port. Not hits were scored on Tirpitz. 
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13 Oct 1940 WW2 British rescue tug HMRT Danube III hit a mine in the mouth of the Thames Estuary and sank off Sheerness, Kent in southern England; 11 were killed. 
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13 Oct 1940 WW2 German submarine U-103 attacked Estonian ship Nora 200 miles west of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom at 0846 hours with a torpedo; as Nora remained afloat, Korvettenkapitän Viktor Schütze of U-103 realized Nora's lifeboats were all destroyed during the attack, and broadcasted a distress message with the damaged ship's position; British sloop HMS Leith would arrive several days later and would rescue 19 survivors. German submarine U-37 sank British ship Stangrant west of Scotland, United Kingdom at 1957 hours; 8 were killed and 30 survived. 
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13 Oct 1940 WW2 At dawn, a British flying boat spotted Italian destroyer Camicia Nera towing destroyer Artigliere, which was damaged on the previous day during the Battle of Cape Passero east of Malta. Aircraft from HMS Illustrious forced Camicia Nera to cut the tow line, and then cruisers HMS York and HMS Ajax and four destroyers sank Artigliere with torpedoes. The British warships dropped rafts for the Italian survivors before departing; many of the survivors would be rescued by an Italian hospital ship on the following day. 
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13 Oct 1940 WW2 Four raids of 25 to 50 aircraft attacked southern England, United Kingdom between 1230 and 1600 hours, consisted mostly of fighters. The Germans and the British each lost 2 fighters. Overnight, London was bombed from 1900 hours until 0600 hours of the next day; Middlesborough, Hull, Huddersfield, Grantham, Liverpool, and Manchester were also attacked overnight. 
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13 Oct 1941 WW2 German troops captured Kalinin (now Tver) and Rzhev northwest of Moscow, Russia; the Soviet 30th Army was encircled and wiped out at Rzhev. West of the Soviet capital, Soviet 18th and 19th Tank Brigades fell back from Gzhatsk (now Gagarin) toward Mozhaysk 30 kilometers closer to Moscow where the new main defensive line was being constructed. 
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13 Oct 1941 WW2 A production order was placed for the improved Republic P-47D Thunderbolt fighter. 
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13 Oct 1941 WW2 General Fedyuninsky was ordered to plan a breakout from Leningrad, Russia by attacking the area south of Lake Ladoga, which was to take place by 20 Oct 1941. 
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13 Oct 1941 WW2 Heinrich Kreipe was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross medal. 
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13 Oct 1941 WW2 Allied convoy PQ-2 departed Liverpool, England, United Kingdom. 
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13 Oct 1941 WW2 Joseph Rochefort was promoted to the rank of commander, retroactively effective 1 Apr 1941. 
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13 Oct 1942 WW2 USS S-31 departed Dutch Harbor, US Territory of Alaska for her fifth war patrol. 
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13 Oct 1942 WW2 The 164th Infantry Regiment became the first US Army unit on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. On the same date, Japanese battleships Haruna and Kongo bombarded Henderson Field on Guadalcanal, destroying more than 40 American aircraft on the ground; they retired up the "Slot" at 29 knots. In the United States, the American public was made aware of the losses at the Battle of Savo Island. 
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13 Oct 1943 WW2 USS S-28 arrived at Attu, US Territory of Alaska, ending her seventh war patrol. 
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13 Oct 1943 WW2 About 270 Allied aircraft were launched from bases in Australian Papua to attack the Japanese base at Rabaul, New Britain. Poor weather would cause the raid to be canceled. 
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13 Oct 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Jakarta, Java. 
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13 Oct 1943 WW2 Noor Inayat Khan was captured by agents of the German Sicherheitsdienst (SD) organization in Paris, France. 
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13 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Scorpion departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her third war patrol. 
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13 Oct 1943 WW2 Marshal Pietro Badoglio's new Italian government announced a declaration of war against Germany. Meanwhile, US Fifth Army crossed the Volturno River in Italy. 
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13 Oct 1943 WW2 120,000 Soviet troops moved into the Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in southern Russia ostensibly to repair roads and bridges but in actuality in preparation to control the local Chechen and Ingush (Ghalghai) population. 
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13 Oct 1943 WW2 Red Army units reached Melitopol, Ukraine. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Mingo arrivedat Fremantle, Australia, ending her fifth war patrol. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 The A7M2 Reppu fighter, equipped with the Ha-43 engine, took its first flight. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Bergall sank a Japanese transport 10 kilometers east of Cam Rahn Bay, French Indochina, hitting her with 2 of 4 torpedoes. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 Salaspils Concentration Camp near Riga, Latvia ceased operations. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 German Armeegruppe Nord withdrew to the Kurland (Latvian: Courland) pocket in western Latvia. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Permit sank a Japanese patrol craft off Truk, Caroline Islands, hitting her with 1 of torpedoes fired. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Miami operated off Okinawa, Japan. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Franklin launched strikes against Tainan, Taiwan. A Japanese special attack aircraft caused light damage to the flight deck. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 Carrier aircraft from USS Lexington attacked the rail marshaling yard at Shinei District (now Xinying District), Tainan, Taiwan. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 US Navy carrier aircraft attacked Shinchiku Airfield in Shinchiku (now Hsinchu), Taiwan, destroying 4 hangars, 8 shops, and 2 barracks. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Hornet launched a reconnaissance mission over the Japanese Navy seaplane base at Toko Bay (now Dapeng Bay), southern Taiwan. 
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13 Oct 1944 WW2 The first FR Fireball prototype aircraft was destroyed in a crash at Naval Air Station China Lake, California, United States. 
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13 Oct 1945 WW2 The last of 11,461 Vickers Wellington aircraft to be built rolled off the production line. 
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13 Oct 1945 WW2 US Marines stepped in to break up the violence that had broken out between Japanese nationals and an angry Chinese mob in the city of Tianjin, China. 
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13 Oct 1945 WW2 The Soviet Directorate of the NKVD Troops for Guarding the Rear of the Red Army was disbanded. 
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13 Oct 1945 WW2 A show open to the public was held at Wright Field, Ohio, United States, featuring M3 262, P-80, He 162, Me 163, Ju 290, Ba 349, Ju 388L, A6M, and Ohka aircraft. Among the guests was German test pilot Karl Bauer. 
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13 Oct 1988 RELIGIOUS The Bishop of Turin, Italy announced that the Shroud of Turin, long believed to be Christ's burial sheet, did not withstand scientific testing. It dated back only to 1280, and not to the time of Jesus' crucifixion (ca. AD 30-33).
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