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History on the 14th of October

History
Date Text
14 Oct 1656 RELIGIOUS The first punitive legislation in Massachusetts against Quakers was enacted. (The marriage of church-and-state in Puritanism made them regard the ritual-free Quakers as spiritually apostate and politically subversive).
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14 Oct 1735 RELIGIOUS Methodist pioneer John Wesley first set sail to America, to minister to the Indians under Georgia Gov. Oglethorpe. On this same date, Wesley began keeping his famous, 55-year-long journal, whose last entry was dated Oct 24, 1790.
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14 Oct 1835 RELIGIOUS Birth of William G. Fischer, American sacred chorister. Three of his compositions later became hymn tunes: FISCHER ("Whiter Than Snow"), HANKEY ("I Love to Tell the Story") and ROCK OF REFUGE ("The Rock That is Higher Than I").
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14 Oct 1876 RELIGIOUS Birth of Harry A. Ironside, American clergyman. Converted at 14, he preached for the Salvation Army, later for the Plymouth Brethren. From 1930-1948, he pastored at the Moody Memorial Church in Chicago.
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14 Oct 1914 WW1 Begin of First Battle of Ypres
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14 Oct 1918 WW2 Robert Greim was awarded the Pour le Mérite medal. 
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14 Oct 1919 WW2 Kenkichi Ueda made the head of the operations section of the Siberian Expeditionary Army. 
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14 Oct 1921 WW2 Boris Shaposhnikov was awarded his first Order of the Red Banner. 
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14 Oct 1924 WW2 The Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed within the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic. 
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14 Oct 1933 WW2 Germany withdrew from the League of Nations. 
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14 Oct 1936 WW2 The United States Social Security Administration's first field office opened in Austin, Texas, United States. 
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14 Oct 1937 WW2 Ralph Talbot was commissioned into service. 
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14 Oct 1939 WW2 Chuichi Nagumo was placed on a committee studying capital ship bridge design. 
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14 Oct 1939 WW2 Dupleix arrived at Dakar, French West Africa. 
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14 Oct 1939 WW2 German submarine U-47 penetrated defenses and entered Scapa Flow in Scotland, United Kingdom and sank British battleship HMS Royal Oak, killing 833 out of a crew of 1,257. 
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14 Oct 1939 WW2 USS Helena departed New York Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York, United States for her sea trials and shakedown cruise. 
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14 Oct 1940 WW2 Three American passenger liners were sent for Japan and China to repatriate American citizens. 
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14 Oct 1940 WW2 British anti-submarine trawler HMT Lord Stamp hit a mine and sank off Dorset, England, United Kingdom in the English Channel; 25 were killed. German submarine U-137 hit British armed merchant cruiser HMS Cheshire with a torpedo 100 miles northwest of Ireland at 2128 hours; Cheshire remained afloat, and the 220 crew members were rescued by Canadian destroyer HMCS Skeena and British corvette HMS Periwinkle. 
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14 Oct 1940 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Orion stopped and scuttled Norwegian ship Ringwood in the Pacific Ocean 600 miles northwest of New Ireland, Bismarck Islands. The crew of 35 was taken prisoner. 
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14 Oct 1940 WW2 Major Friedrich Kless of the German Kampfgeschwader 55 wing was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 
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14 Oct 1940 WW2 En route from Malta to Alexandra, Egypt, aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious detached from the British Mediterranean Fleet and launched an air attack against the Italian Dodecanese Island of Leros. Later in the day, at 1855 hours, an Italian SM79 bomber attacked the fleet 50 miles south of Crete, hitting cruiser HMS Liverpool with a torpedo and blew off her bow after detonating the aviation fuel store, killing 30 and wounding 35; Liverpool would survive the attack and would be towed to Alexandra to receive temporary repairs. 
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14 Oct 1940 WW2 Poor weather limited German ability to attack southern England, United Kingdom, thus only a few small attacks were launched against coastal areas; no losses were suffered on either side on this day. Overnight, London, Birmingham, Coventry, Liverpool, Blackburn, and Preston were bombed; at 2002 hours, a 1,400-kg armor piercing bomb hit Balham Tube Station in London, causing flood that killed 66 of the about 600 civilians using the station for shelter. 
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14 Oct 1941 WW2 German submarine U-206 sank British corvette HMS Fleur de Lys (Lieutenant A. Collins; escorting Allied convoy OG-75) 60 miles west of Gibraltar at 0336 hours; 71 were killed, 3 survived and were rescued by a Spanish ship. 
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14 Oct 1941 WW2 The German Kriegsmarine placed orders for 49 more submarines to be constructed. 
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14 Oct 1941 WW2 Germany announced that all Jews within the 1933 border would be deported; these Jews were beginning to be deported to ghettos in Poland, Byelorussia, and Ukraine. 
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14 Oct 1941 WW2 Tatsuta Maru was acquired by the Japanese Navy and was assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, Japan. Her civilian crew was replaced by that from the military. 
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14 Oct 1941 WW2 The Soviet troops in the Bryansk pocket in Russia were eliminated (50,000 captured), while the Vyazma pocket was within days of the same fate. In Berlin, Germany, Adolf Hitler ordered that the Soviet capital of Moscow was to be enveloped, not attacked directly. Meanwhile, in Moscow, Joseph Stalin briefed 23 senior Soviet military and civilian officials between 1530 and 1815 hours on a plan to evacuate the city in an orderly fashion; he ordered four theater groups (Lenin State Theater, Maxim Gorkiy Artistic Academic Theater, Little Academic Theater, and Vakhtangov Theater) to be evacuated first. 
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14 Oct 1942 WW2 U-530 was commissioned into service under the command of Kapitänleutnant Kurt Lange and was assigned to the 4. Unterseebootflottille (4th Submarine Flotilla). 
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14 Oct 1942 WW2 Before dawn, six Japanese destroyers landed 1,000 troops on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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14 Oct 1942 WW2 Chiang Kaishek agreed to fully commit to a campaign in Burma if the United Kingdom did the same and that the Allies had naval and air superiority in the Bay of Bengal. 
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14 Oct 1942 WW2 USS Finback attacked a Japanese convoy of four transports and a patrol vessel east of Taiwan, damaging one transport with 2 of 4 torpedoes fired. 
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14 Oct 1942 WW2 USS Skipjack sank Japanese ship Shunko Maru south of the Palau Islands, hitting her with both torpedoes fired. She fired an additional torpedo at another Japanese ship; the torpedo missed the target. 
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14 Oct 1942 WW2 British Lieutenant Commander William Stephens and three pals escaped the notorious Colditz Castle in Saxony, Germany, prompted by signals from an orchestra conducted by legless RAF ace Douglas Bader, and with fake identifications fled Germany by trains and on foot. 
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14 Oct 1942 WW2 Canadian Flying Officer Hank Wardle and British officers Major Ronnie Littledale, Captain Pat Reid, and Lieutenant-Commander Billie Stephens escaped from Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany. All four would make it to Switzerland. 
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14 Oct 1942 WW2 The German assault on the Stalingrad Tractor Factory in Stalingrad, Russia was aided by more than 2,000 sorties by aircraft of Luftflotte 4. 
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14 Oct 1942 WW2 The German offensive in the Caucasus region of southern Russia was suspended with the exception of 17th Army's attacks near Tuapse on the coast of the Black Sea. 
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14 Oct 1942 WW2 The Soviet GKO ordered all males between the ages of 15 and 55 living in the Soviet Union who were ethnic Romanians, Hungarians, and Italians to be rounded up and employed as slave laborers. Ethnic Germans in Soviet territory had already been subjected to this persecution. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 German troops cleared the Zaporozhe bridgehead, retreating across the Dneiper River in southern Ukraine. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 Submarine Segundo was laid down. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 Natoma Bay was commissioned into service. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 Canberra (Baltimore-class) was commissioned into service. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Dorado failed to arrive at the Panama Canal Zone, and aircraft were launched to search, without success, for the submarine. Early suggestions that she was sunk in error by a US Mariner aircraft was later concluded as incorrect, and it seemed likely that her loss was attributable to an unknown accident on board or to a German naval mine. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Pompon attacked a Japanese oiler in the Gulf of Siam; all 4 torpedoes missed. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 Oberleutnant Walter Nowotny, Commanding officer of the I/JG54 group, became the first pilot in the world to achieve 250 kills, for which feat he would receive Germany's second highest award, Diamonds to his Knight's Cross medal, awarded to him by Adolf Hitler. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 US 8th Air Force launched 291 B-17 bombers and 60 B-24 bombers to attack the Schweinfurt ball bearing plants in Germany; the 60 B-24 bombers were diverted to another target. 77 American bombers and 1 escorting fighter were lost, while 38 Luftwaffe fighters were shot down the defense. 122 American bombers returned to base in bad condition but they were able to be repaired. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Corvina arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Four officers and 267 men of Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit 552 (CBMU-552) on board. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Grayback sank a Japanese passenger-cargo ship in the East China Sea, hitting her with 1 of 4 torpedoes. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 Japan declared the independence of the Philippines. As with other territories however the independence was nominal and civil freedoms muted. 
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14 Oct 1943 WW2 Prisoners of Sobibór Concentration Camp in Poland destroyed extermination facilities and escaped en masse; 300 disappeared into the woods and 50 joined partisan units. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Franklin launched strikes against Aparri, Manila, and Legaspi in the Philippine Islands through 19 Oct 1944. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel committed suicide with a cyanide capsule given by General Wilhelm Burgdorf. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 British troops entered Athens, Corfu Island, and Piraeus, Greece. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 Ann Baumgartner became the first American woman to fly a jet aircraft. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Hawkbill transited the Lombok Strait, Dutch East Indies. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 The British 14th Army in Burma recorded a 84% malaria rate. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Ray's conning tower suffered flooding while she dove to escape an approaching Japanese patrol aircraft in the South China Sea; she would sail to Mios Woendi near Biak, Dutch East Indies for repairs. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 Nachi received a Type 13 air search radar at Kure Naval Arsenal, Japan. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 Nachi departed Kure, Japan with Cruiser Division 21. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Alabama shot down three attacking Japanese aircraft while operating south of Taiwan. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Miami operated off Okinawa, Japan. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Cassin Young shot down several Japanese aircraft off Taiwan, suffered five men wounded by machine gun fire. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 Carrier aircraft from USS Intrepid attacked Shinchiku Airfield in Shinchiku (now Hsinchu), Taiwan, destroying 1 Ki-44 aircraft on the ground, 5 twin-engine aircraft on the ground, and 1 hangar building. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 132 B-29 bombers of USAAF 40th, 444th, 462th, and 486th Bombardment Groups launched from the Chengdu, China area airfields to attack the Okayama Aircraft Factory north of Takao (now Kaohsiung), Taiwan. 106 of them dropped their bomb loads on the primary targets, while 12 bombed secondary targets. 2 bombers were lost on this mission. 
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14 Oct 1944 WW2 Soviet 4th Guards Mechanized Corps and Yugoslavian 12th Corps, accompanied by Yugoslav partisans, penetrated Axis defensive lines south of Belgrade, Yugoslavia. 
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14 Oct 1945 WW2 The Indonesian People's Army declared war on the Netherlands. 
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14 Oct 1945 WW2 Du Yuming received orders to travel to Chongqing, China to meet with Chiang Kaishek. 
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14 Oct 1947 WW2 Prince Yasuhiko lost his imperial status and privileges and was made a common citizen. 
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14 Oct 1949 WW2 Aaro Pajari passed away. 
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14 Oct 1983 RELIGIOUS The National Council of Churches issued "The Inclusive Language Lectionary -- " Scripture readings translated to omit or blur gender references. God was thus called "Father and Mother" or "the One"; and "man" was replaced by "humanity" or "humankind." The translation proved shortlived.
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