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History on the 16th of October

History
Date Text
16 Oct 1311 RELIGIOUS The Council of Vienne was convened, called by Clement V. During its three sessions, the council suppressed the Knights Templars (the principal military-religious order of the Middle Ages).
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16 Oct 1649 RELIGIOUS The American colony of Maine passed legislation granting religious freedom to all its citizens, on condition that those of contrary religious persuasions behave acceptably.
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16 Oct 1752 RELIGIOUS Birth of Johann G. Eichhorn, German Old Testament scholar. Eichhorn was a pioneer in "higher criticism," which evaluated Scripture through literary analysis and historical evidence, rather than by the unquestioned authority of systematized religious tradition.
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16 Oct 1789 RELIGIOUS In Philadelphia, as the second general convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church closed, a church constitution had been adopted. Canons of the new denomination were ratified and a revised version of the "Book of Common Prayer" was authorized.
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16 Oct 1812 RELIGIOUS Death of Henry Martyn, Anglican missionary to Persia. During his short life of 31 years, he translated the New Testament into Hindustani, later into Arabic and Persian. He died at sea, while returning to England.
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16 Oct 1917 WW2 The keel of submarine R-1 was laid down by Fore River Shipbuilding, Quincy, Massachusetts, United States. 
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16 Oct 1917 WW2 Robert Greim achieved his 7th kill over France. 
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16 Oct 1917 WW2 The keel of submarine R-5 was laid down at Fore River Shipbuilding in Quincy, Massachusetts, United States. 
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16 Oct 1934 WW2 Chinese communists began the Long March. 
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16 Oct 1937 WW2 Helm was commissioned into service. 
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16 Oct 1937 WW2 Chinese troops counterattacked the Japanese at Xinkou, Shanxi, China, slowing Japanese momentum. 
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16 Oct 1937 WW2 The first flight of the prototype Short Sunderland flying boat took place. 
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16 Oct 1938 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt signed a secret order to expand American air power by 15,000 machines per year. 
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16 Oct 1939 WW2 Carrier USS Ranger and cruiser USS San Francisco were dispatched by US Navy to locate the German tanker recently departed from Mexico to supply German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee. 
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16 Oct 1939 WW2 Duguay-Trouin intercepted German merchant ship Halle 320 kilometers southwest of Dakar, French West Africa; Halle was scuttled by her own crew to prevent capture. 
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16 Oct 1939 WW2 HMS Hermes arrived at Dakar, French West Africa. 
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16 Oct 1939 WW2 Grand Admiral Erich Raeder announced Adolf Hitler's orders that "all merchant ships definitely recognized as enemy can be torpedoed without warning." 
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16 Oct 1939 WW2 British Royal Navy Commander R. F. Jolly, despite being seriously wounded by an air attack by a German Junkers Ju 88 bomber in the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom, steadfastly refused medical treatment or requests that he left the bridge of HMS Mohawk until some eighty minutes later when he had finally brought his damaged destroyer into the safety at Rosyth. Taken ashore he lived on for another five hours before his death in hospital at South Queensferry, Scotland. For his heroism Commander Jolly was awarded, a week later, with a posthumous Empire Gallantry Medal (later replaced by a George Cross, a decoration only second in precedence to the Victoria Cross). 
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16 Oct 1939 WW2 HMS Edinburgh was slightly damaged by German aircraft while in the Firth of Forth, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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16 Oct 1940 WW2 British motor torpedo boat MTB-106 hit a mine and sank near the Nore lightship at the mouth of the Thames Estuary in southern England, United Kingdom. German submarine U-124 sank Canadian ship Trevisa 400 miles northwest of Ireland at 0350 hours; 7 were killed and 14 survived. British submarine HMS Tigris sank small French trawler Cimcour with gunfire in the Bay of Biscay 120 miles west of La Rochelle, France. The 30-ship Allied convoy SC-7 was attacked by 7 German submarines on the last leg of its journey from Sydney, Australia to Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; attacks followed for 3 more days, and the overall losses amounted to 20 ships totaling 79,646 tons. 
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16 Oct 1940 WW2 Aircraft of British carrier HMS Furious bombed German oil storage tanks, seaplane base, and shipping at Tromsø, Norway. 
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16 Oct 1940 WW2 Battleship King George V departed Newcastle upon Tyne, England for Rosyth, Scotland, both of which were in the Unite Kingdom. 
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16 Oct 1940 WW2 Aviation engineers Ichiro Sekine (Nakajima), Joji Hattori (Mitsubishi), Yu Nakajima (Mitsubishi), Shuzo Kito (Mitsubishi), and Tomio Kubo (Mitsubishi) were awarded the Nagao Memorial Award for the excellence for aviation engineering. 
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16 Oct 1940 WW2 German authorities ordered the establishment of Warsaw ghettos for Jews in occupied Poland. 
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16 Oct 1940 WW2 Two ARP rescue workers who helped themselves to £16 they found in a bombed-out house were each jailed for 12 months at the Old Bailey in central London, England, United Kingdom for looting. 
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16 Oct 1940 WW2 Heavy fog during the day limited operations, thus the day's losses were limited to 1 German aircraft damaged and 1 British Hurricane fighter lost. Overnight, London, Bristol, Liverpool, Birmingham, Perth, and other locations in the United Kingdom were bombed. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 Tanks of SS Reich Division and 10th Panzer Division attacked the Mozhaysk Line at Borodino, Russia 125 kilometers west of the Soviet capital of Moscow; lacking infantry support, Soviet troops halted the attacks. While thousands of civilians continued to flee the city, the Soviet government and diplomatic corps moved to Kuibyshev 1,500 miles to the east; Joseph Stalin, however, chose to stay. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 Japanese Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe submitted his letter of resignation. He recommended Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni as his successor. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 German submarine U-568 sank British ship Empire Heron of Allied convoy SC-48 400 miles west of Ireland at 0114 hours; 42 were killed, 1 survived and picked up by escorting corvette HMS Gladiolus (Lieutenant Commander H. M. C. Sanders). Later in the day, however, HMS Gladiolus was lost from an unknown cause. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 RAF Pilot Officer A. J. Heyworth was able to return hom to Britain after his Wellington bomber suffered serious damage while bombing Mannheim, Germany. He flew most of the way on only one engine while the other was aflame. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 German merchant raider Kormoran made rendezvous with supply ship Kulmerland off Cape Leeuwin, Australia and began to take on fuel and supplies. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 The Jager Report (issued on 1 Dec 1941) noted that 382 adult male, 507 adult female, and 257 children, all Jews, were killed in Vilnius, Lithuania for a total of 1,146 people. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 A round of mass deportation of Jews from Germany began. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 German Luftwaffe I./KG 4 was relocated to Pskov (German: Pleskau), Russia. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 A large group of Latvian military leaders was executed by the Soviets. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 The Soviets executed the wives of Mikhail Tukhachevsky and his fellow accused (and already executed) conspirators. 
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16 Oct 1941 WW2 The final Soviet evacuation ships departed Odessa, Ukraine at 0510 hours. In the past two weeks, 121,000 troops and civilians were evacuated from the city, along with 1,000 trucks and 20,000 tons of ammunition. Romanian troops entered the city later on this date, capturing the city. 
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16 Oct 1942 WW2 Japanese cruisers bombarded Henderson Field on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. During the day, US Marine Aircraft Group 14 under Lieutenant Colonel Albert Cooley relieved Marine Aircraft Group 23 as the unit in charge of maintaining Henderson Field. 
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16 Oct 1942 WW2 Denver was commissioned into service. 
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16 Oct 1942 WW2 Repair ship Akashi completed the repair work for destroyer Minegumo at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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16 Oct 1942 WW2 Sun Du was named the deputy commanding officer of the 1st Army. 
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16 Oct 1942 WW2 US Navy radio intelligence officer Joseph Rochefort, serving in Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, received a telegraph from his wife noting that Rochefort's father had passed away in California, United States. 
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16 Oct 1942 WW2 The entire staff of the Soviet 339th Infantry Regiment was wiped out by German air attacks at Stalingrad, Russia. 
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16 Oct 1943 WW2 More than 1,000 Italian Jews from Rome were sent to Auschwitz Concentration Camp. 
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16 Oct 1943 WW2 As General Nikolai Vatutin started his attack to break out of the Bukrin bridgehead near Kiev, Ukraine, Marshal Ivan Konev attacked to cut off the German 1.Panzer Division on the Dneiper River. 
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16 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Mingo fired a spread of six torpedoes at a Japanese carrier, claiming two hits. 
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16 Oct 1943 WW2 Louis Mountbatten named William Slim the commanding officer of the new 14th Army. 
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16 Oct 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Sama (now Sanya), Hainan, China. 
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16 Oct 1943 WW2 The Americans conducted a heavy attack by air against the Japanese base at Wewak, Australian New Guinea. 
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16 Oct 1943 WW2 Shokaku arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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16 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Sunfish departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her fifth war patrol. 
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16 Oct 1943 WW2 The US Ninth Air Force was reformed with its headquarters at RAF Bushey Hall in Watford, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom. It was charged with gaining air superiority and destroying the German Army forces in their front lines as well as their lines of communications. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 US First Army surrounded Aachen, Germany. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 Soviet units entered German territory as Goldap, East Prussia was captured. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 Martti Aho was awarded his second Mannerheim Cross medal. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 Heinrich Himmler visited Nürnberg, Germany to personally inspect the repairs to the bunker which housed the Imperial Regalia of the Holy Roman Empire. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 ShCh-307 attacked a merchant ship; both torpedoes missed. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Air Group 4 on board. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 US 5th Army launched a new offensive toward Bologna, Italy. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 Unryu arrived at Kure, Japan. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 Nachi arrived at Amami Oshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan with Cruiser Division 21. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Whale was spotted and attacked by Japanese aircraft in the South China Sea, but suffered no damage. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 USAAF XX Bomber Command B-29 bombers attacked Okayama Airfield north of Takao (now Kaohsiung), Taiwan. 
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16 Oct 1944 WW2 USAAF XX Bomber Command B-29 bombers attacked Heito Airfield in Heito (now Pingtung), Taiwan. Several bombers attacked the rail marshaling yard and the harbor in nearby Toshien District, Takao (now Zuoying District, Kaohsiung), Taiwan, which were secondary targets. 
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16 Oct 1945 WW2 Japanese physicist Yoshio Nishina sought permission from the American occupation administration to use his two cyclotrons for biological and medical research. The request was granted, but orders from United States Secretary of War Robert Patterson dated 10 Nov would have all cyclotrons in Japan destroyed on 24 Nov. 
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16 Oct 1945 WW2 Du Yuming was relieved as the commanding officer of Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. 
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16 Oct 1945 WW2 Light carrier Hosho arrived at Wotje, Marshall Islands and embarked 700 Japanese military servicemen. She departed for Eniwetok, Marshall Islands later on the same day. 
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16 Oct 1945 WW2 Robert Oppenheimer resigned as the director of the Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States facility of the Manhattan Project. 
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16 Oct 1946 WW2 12 German war criminals were executed. 
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16 Oct 1946 WW2 Joachim von Ribbentrop passed away. 
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16 Oct 1946 WW2 Arthur Seyß-Inquart passed away. 
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16 Oct 1946 WW2 Wilhelm Keitel passed away. 
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16 Oct 1946 WW2 Ernst Kaltenbrunner passed away. 
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16 Oct 1946 WW2 Alfred Jodl passed away. 
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16 Oct 1946 WW2 Hans Frank passed away. 
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16 Oct 1946 WW2 Fritz Sauckel passed away. 
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16 Oct 1946 WW2 Wilhelm Frick passed away. 
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16 Oct 1946 WW2 Alfred Rosenberg was executed by hanging at Nuremberg, Germany. 
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16 Oct 1948 WW2 Chinese communist forces captured Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China. 
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16 Oct 1949 WW2 Greek National Army defeated the communists, marking the end of the Greek Civil War. 
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