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History on the 18th of October

History
Date Text
18 Oct 1662 RELIGIOUS Birth of Matthew Henry, English Presbyterian pastor. He is remembered for his "Exposition of the Old and New Testaments" (1708-10) -- still in print! -- whose value lies in its devotional and practical comments on the books of the Bible.
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18 Oct 1685 RELIGIOUS Louis XIV revoked the 1598 Edict of Nantes, which had permitted French Protestants limited religious tolerance. The Huguenot exodus which followed drained France's industrial economy, and possibly hastened the French Revolution.
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18 Oct 1912 WW2 Hugo Sperrle was promoted to the rank of Oberleutnant. 
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18 Oct 1914 WW1 Begin of Battle of the Yser
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18 Oct 1915 WW1 Begin of Third Battle of the Isonzo
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18 Oct 1917 WW2 Douglas MacArthur departed from Hoboken, New Jersey, United States for France for WW1 action aboard USS Covington. 
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18 Oct 1918 WW2 Erwin Rommel was promoted to the rank of Hauptmann. 
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18 Oct 1918 WW2 The nation of Czechoslovakia was established. 
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18 Oct 1918 WW2 Kichisaburo Nomura was made the commanding officer of armored cruiser Yakumo. 
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18 Oct 1919 WW2 Iro Ilk was born in Nassau an der Lahn, Germany. 
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18 Oct 1920 WW2 The Russo-Polish war was formally brought to an end with the signing of a peace treaty at Riga, Latvia. 
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18 Oct 1923 WW2 King George V granted the prefix "Royal", to the British Army Tank Corps, making it the Royal Tank Corps. The title would persist until 1939 when it was altered to the Royal Tank Regiment. 
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18 Oct 1931 RELIGIOUS English apologist C.S. Lewis wrote in a letter: 'The [Christian] "doctrines" are translations into our concepts and ideas of that which God has already expressed in language more adequate, namely the actual incarnation, crucifixion, and resurrection.'
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18 Oct 1932 WW2 Joseph Rochefort arrived at San Francisco, California, United States via the passenger ship President Coolidge. Instead of reporting to Washington DC, United States as ordered, he would request the US Navy to allow him to see his family in the Los Angeles, California area first. 
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18 Oct 1934 WW2 Joseph Rochefort received a perfect fitness report from his commanding officer. 
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18 Oct 1936 WW2 The second Four-Year plan was passed into law, which gave Göring the authority to remove any political or institutional obstacle to achieving the plan (e.g. to ride roughshod over any objections to rearmament). 
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18 Oct 1938 WW2 British troops in Palestine captured Jerusalum from Arab rebels. 
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18 Oct 1938 WW2 Werner Mölders was promoted to the rank of Hauptmann, effective as of 1 Oct 1938. 
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18 Oct 1938 WW2 Germany recalled its ambassador in Washington DC, United States 
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18 Oct 1939 WW2 Germany and Soviet Union conducted a prisoner exchange. 
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18 Oct 1939 WW2 The heads of state of Finland, Norway, and Sweden met to discuss the tension between Finland and the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, Germany sent a message to Sweden noting that Germany would remain neutral should war break out between Finland and the Soviet Union, advising Sweden to do the same. 
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18 Oct 1939 WW2 Dutch liner Simon Bolivar struck a German magnetic mine in the English Channel 10 miles east of Harwich, England, United Kingdom at 1030 hours; the mine was laid in this shipping lane without warning on the previous day; 86 were killed. The Netherlands made an official protest to Germany regarding this violation in international shipping law. 
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18 Oct 1939 WW2 British armed merchant cruiser HMS California stopped and captured German merchant ship Borkum in the Denmark Strait. 
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18 Oct 1939 WW2 Representatives from Britain, Japan, and the United States reached an agreement regarding to the presence of troops of all three powers in and near the Gulangyu island international zone near Xiamen, China since May 1939; all three pledged to withdraw troops from the international zone and to suppress anti-Japanese activities in the international zone. 
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18 Oct 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered the German military to plan for the invasion of the Soviet Union, using Poland as a staging point. 
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18 Oct 1939 WW2 Jews in Wloclawek, Poland were forced to wear the Star of David. On the same day, the first Jewish ghetto was established in Lublin, Poland. 
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18 Oct 1939 WW2 General Johannes Blaskowitz sent a message to Adolf Hitler, complaining of SS atrocities in Poland. 
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18 Oct 1939 WW2 US President Franklin Roosevelt banned any American port from taking in any foreign combat submarines. 
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18 Oct 1940 WW2 Vichy France officially published the Statute of 4 Oct 1940 in which Jews who were not French citizens were no longer protected by French law. 'Special camps' were established to begin housing these stateless Jews. 
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18 Oct 1940 WW2 German submarines attacked Allied convoy SC-7 all day; U-38 attacked British ship Carsbreck at 0636 hours; U-99 sank British ship Fiscus 100 miles northwest of Ireland, killing 38 of 39 aboard; U-100 and U-123 damaged British ship Shekatika 100 miles northwest of Ireland at 2225 hours, with all 36 aboard surviving. German submarine U-48 sank British ship Sandsend 500 miles west of Ireland at 2225 hours, killing 5. German submarine chasers UJ-116 and UJ-118 sank British WW1-era submarine H-49 off Texel Island, the Netherlands; 21 were killed and 1 survived and captured. British anti-submarine trawler HMT Kingston Cairngorm hit a mine in the English Channel; she was able to be towed back to the harbor, but would sink on the following day. 
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18 Oct 1940 WW2 Two British flying boats of No. 202 Squadron RAF spotted Italian submarine Durbo 120 miles east of Gibraltar off Alboran Island. British destroyers HMS Firedrake and HMS Wrestler attacked with depth charges, forcing Durbo to the surface and be scuttled. British sailors managed to capture information regarding Italian submarine dispositions from the submarine before she sank. Durbo's crew of 48 was taken prisoner. 
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18 Oct 1940 WW2 German guns near Calais, France fired 10 shells at Dover, England, United Kingdom; two of the shells detonated. 
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18 Oct 1940 WW2 Britain reopened the Burma Road, the over-land supply route to China. 
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18 Oct 1940 WW2 Foggy weather limited German ability to attack southern England, United Kingdom, thus only few aerial battles were fought with no losses for either side. Overnight, London was bombed, hitting the Rose and Crown Pub which resulted in 42 killed and 6 injured; Liverpool and Birmingham were also attacked. 
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18 Oct 1941 WW2 Hideki Tojo was named 40th Prime Minister of Japan. 
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18 Oct 1941 WW2 British cruiser HMS Latona and destroyers HMS Jackal, HMS Havock, and HMS Nizam arrived in Alexandria, Egypt from Tobruk, Libya. 
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18 Oct 1941 WW2 German submarine U-101 attacked Allied convoy SC-48 west of Iceland, damaging destroyer HMS Broadwater with one torpedo at 0420 hours; 46 crew and 11 previously rescued survivors were killed, 85 crew survived. HMS St. Apollo scuttled HMS Broadwater by gunfire at 1541 hours. 
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18 Oct 1941 WW2 German SS Reich and 10th Panzer Divisions captured Mozhaysk, Russia. In the evening, a motorcycle battalion of SS Reich Division found the Minsk Highway toward Moscow, Russia, 90 kilometers to the east, undefended. 
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18 Oct 1941 WW2 German submarine U-132 sank Soviet ship Argun in the Barents Sea 5 miles off the Russian coast at 1320 hours; all aboard survived. At 2017 hours, U-132 struck again, sinking trawler RT-8 Seld; all aboard were killed. 
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18 Oct 1941 WW2 Eleven Albacore and two Swordfish aircraft of British No. 828 Squadron took off from HMS Ark Royal to reinforce Malta. One Swordfish torpedo bomber was lost en route, however. 
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18 Oct 1941 WW2 Lavrentiy Beria ordered the execuation of Nikolai Rychagov, Rychagov's wife, and other conspirators. 
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18 Oct 1941 WW2 German Colonel General Erich von Manstein launched his Eleventh Army against the Perekop Isthmus in Russia but fierce Soviet resistance on a narrow front caused the German advance to proceed extremely slowly. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 During the night, Japanese warships again shelled Henderson Field, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 US Navy Vice Admiral William F. Halsey was designated the commander of the South Pacific Area, and was made directly responsible for the campaign in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 Adolf Hitler issued his Kommando Befehl, ordering that any captured Soviet commandos be shot. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 Norwegian commandos parachuted near Telemark, Norway, to conduct reconnaissance. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 USS Finback damaged a large Japanese freighter east of Taiwan, hitting her with 2 of torpedoes fired. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 US Navy Pacific Fleet's chief communications officer John Redman sent Joseph Wenger a message noting Redman's wish to relieve radio intelligence officer Joseph Rochefort. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 The German Ministry of Justice transferred the responsibility for Jews and citizens of Eastern European countries within Germany to the Gestapo. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Yokosuka, Japan. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 French troops attempted a counter offensive at Andriamanalina, Madagascar, but it was soundly repulsed by British and Commonwealth troops. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 Submarine S-7 departed Moshchny Island near Leningrad, Russia. 
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18 Oct 1942 WW2 British Captain Pat Reid and Canadian Flying Officer Hank Wardle, having escaped from Oflag IV-C prisoners of war camp at Colditz Castle in Germany on 14 Oct 1942, successfully made it to Switzerland. 
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18 Oct 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Singapore. 
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18 Oct 1943 WW2 Italian Jews from Rome began to be deported to concentration camps. 
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18 Oct 1943 WW2 Louis Mountbatten met with Chiang Kaishek for the first time. Chiang was 15 minutes late to the meeting; in retaliation, Mountbatten purposefully spent a long time shifting through his attaché case for various documents during the meeting. 
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18 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Flying Fish damaged a Japanese escort carrier in the Western Pacific, hitting her with 1 of 6 torpedoes fired. 
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18 Oct 1943 WW2 77 B-24 bombers from Port Moresby, Australian Papua made rendezvous with 55 P-38 fighters over Kiriwina, Trobriand Islands for a raid on Rabaul, New Britain; a separate group of 54 B-25 bombers, modified for strafing, flew for Rabaul separately. Poor weather would force the first group to cancel its mission, but the B-25 bombers proceeded without fighter escort. They heavily damaged Japanese submarine chaser CH-23, lightly damaged transport Johore Maru, and shot down 8 Japanese fighters (3 additional fighters were lost on landings); the Japanese shot down many B-25 bombers. Subsequent investigation on why the B-25 bombers proceeded despite having no escorts would find no faults. 
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18 Oct 1943 WW2 3 divisions of US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214, led by Gregory Boyington, attacked Ballale Airfield in the Shortland Islands. Later in the day, the same 3 divisions joined VMF-221 in the attack of Kahili Airfield on Bougainville island. 22 Japanese fighters rose to defend Kahili. US airmen claimed 14 Japanese aircraft shot down with 6 probables. Japanese records later revealed the loss of 4 aircraft in combat, 1 heavily damaged and written off, and 3 lightly damaged. 
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18 Oct 1943 WW2 USAAF B-29 bombers attacked Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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18 Oct 1943 WW2 Naka arrived at Shanghai, China. 
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18 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Hoe arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her second war patrol. 
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18 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Flier was commissioned into service with Lieutenant Commander John D. Crowley in command. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Cassin Young screened carriers of Task Force 38 east of Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Erwin Rommel was given a state funeral. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Germany ordered the first Volkssturm call-up for all able-bodied men between the ages of 16-60. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 National German radio reported 50,000 officers have been killed since Sep 1939. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Himmler was appointed as Commander of Heeresgruppe Oberrhein. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Red Army units crossed the Norwegian border. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Allied troops captured Venray, the Netherlands. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Otto Skorzeny escorted Hungarian leader Miklós Horthy to Schloss Hirschberg in Franken, Germany via a special train. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Yamato's deck was painted black with soot for the intended night operation in the San Bernardino Strait before departing Lingga for Brunei Bay, Boreno in the Dutch East Indies. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Musashi's deck was painted black with soot for the intended night operation in the San Bernardino Strait before departing Lingga for Brunei Bay, Boreno in the Dutch East Indies. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze departed Lingga to escort a task force to Brunei, Borneo in the Dutch East Indies. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Ticonderoga departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Part of Air Group 45 on board. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Nachi departed Amami Oshima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan with Cruiser Division 21 and Destroyer Squadron 1. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Sterlet spotted a Japanese task force consisted of six destroyers and three cruisers; she failed to get into an attacking position. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Marcus Island launched aircarft against Japanese positions in the Philippine Islands. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Wasp's aircraft attacked Japanese positions on Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Springer was commissioned into service with Commander Russell Kefauver in command. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 Commander William Henry Ashford, Jr. was named the commanding officer of USS Sable. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Flying Fish arrived at Midway Atoll, ending her eleventh war patrol. 
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18 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Seahorse arrived at Midway Atoll, ending her sixth war patrol. 
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18 Oct 1945 WW2 The war crimes trials in Nürnberg, Germany began. Erich Raeder and Hans Fritzsche arrived in Nürnberg under Soviet guard on the same day. 
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18 Oct 1945 WW2 Du Yuming arrived in Chongqing, China. 
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18 Oct 1945 WW2 USS Makin Island departed Japan for San Francisco, California, United States. 
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18 Oct 1945 WW2 US Navy squadron VF-66, flying FR Fireball piston-jet mix-powered fighters, was decommissioned before ever seeing combat. 
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18 Oct 1946 WW2 He Yingqin was ordered by Chiang Kaishek to travel to the United States as a member of the Chinese delegation to the United Nations. 
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18 Oct 1947 WW2 Crown Prince Yi Un lost his Japanese citizenship and became a stateless person. 
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18 Oct 1948 WW2 Walther von Brauchitsch passed away in Hamburg, Germany. 
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18 Oct 1948 WW2 US Air Force cancelled orders for F-87A and RF-87A jet fighters. This would directly lead to Curtiss exiting the combat aircraft business. 
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18 Oct 1949 RELIGIOUS Country songwriter Stuart Hamblen, 31, underwent a spiritual conversion. Author of the popular 1954 hit "This Old House," Hamblen later wrote such Christian favorites as "It Is No Secret What God Can Do," "How Big is God?" and "They That Wait Upon the Lord."
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18 Oct 1954 RELIGIOUS "The Week in Religion" aired for the last time over Dumont television. First broadcast in March 1952, this ecumenical Sunday evening panel show divided the hour into 20-minute segments each for Protestant, Catholic and Jewish news.
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