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History on the 20th of October

History
Date Text
20 Oct 1802 RELIGIOUS Birth of Ernst W. Hengstenberg, German O.T. scholar. An outspoken defender of evangelical Christianity against the rationalism of his day, Hengstenberg's most significant writing was his four-volume "Christology of the Old Testament."
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20 Oct 1828 RELIGIOUS Birth of American lawyer Horatio Gates Spafford. In 1873, upon learning of the drowning of his four daughters following a ship collision in the Atlantic, Spafford penned the lines to the hymn, "It is Well With My Soul."
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20 Oct 1892 RELIGIOUS Birth of Harry Dixon Loes, sacred music educator. A writer of gospel songs and choruses, it was Loes who composed the hymn tune REDEEMER ("Up Calvary's Mountain, One Dreadful Morn").
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20 Oct 1908 RELIGIOUS Birth of Stuart Hamblen, country songwriter who flourished during the 1950s. His best-remembered Christian songs include "Known Only to Him," "Beyond the Sunset," and "It Is No Secret."
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20 Oct 1914 WW2 German troops under General von Falkenhayn began an offensive at the British Expeditionary Force at Ypres, Belgium, starting the First Battle of Ypres. 
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20 Oct 1920 WW2 Paul Teste landed on Béarn, becoming the first French naval aviator to make a carrier landing. 
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20 Oct 1922 WW2 Lieutenant H. R. Harris made the first parachute jump from a crippled aircraft, jumping from a Loening monoplane over North Dayton, Ohio, United States, at a height of around 2,000 feet. 
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20 Oct 1925 WW2 Captain Shinpei Kida was named the commanding officer of Tenryu. 
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20 Oct 1927 WW2 Mutsu was Emperor Showa's flagship during the annual Japanese Naval Review. 
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20 Oct 1927 WW2 Eugen von Knilling died in Munich, Germany. As Prime Minister of Bavaria his declaration of Martial Law in 1923 had led to Adolf Hitler's failed rebellion (the so-called Beer-Hall Putsch). 
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20 Oct 1931 WW2 Zara was commissioned into service. 
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20 Oct 1933 WW2 Iwane Matsui was promoted to the rank of general. 
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20 Oct 1936 WW2 Japanese-backed Mongolian troops marched into Suiyuan Province, China. 
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20 Oct 1937 WW2 The Spanish Republican submarine C6 was scuttled at Gijón, Spain after suffering damage during a Spanish Nationalist air attack. 
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20 Oct 1937 WW2 Masafumi Arima was transferred from Cruiser Division 10 to Cruiser Division 14. 
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20 Oct 1939 WW2 Soviet Union and Finland both mobilized their military. 
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20 Oct 1939 WW2 Maximilian von Weichs was made the commanding officer of German 2nd Army. 
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20 Oct 1939 WW2 The German-captured US freighter City of Flint arrived in neutral Norway. The Norwegians refused entry and told the German prize crew that they have 24 hours to leave. 
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20 Oct 1940 WW2 During the night 7 British Wellington bombers attacked battleship Tirpitz to little effect. 
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20 Oct 1940 WW2 Orion and Komet were replenished by supply ship Kulmerland. 
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20 Oct 1940 WW2 British destroyers HMS Gallant, HMS Griffin, and HMS Hotspur located Italian submarine Lafole off Mellila, Morocco in the Mediterranean Sea, using information captured from Italian submarine Durbo on 18 Oct. Hotspur sank Lafole by ramming; 37 Italians were killed and 9 survived and captured. Hotspur's bow was damaged, forcing her to be out of commission until 20 Feb 1941 for repairs. 
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20 Oct 1940 WW2 German submarine U-124 sank Norwegian ship Cubano (2 killed, 29 survived) and British ship Sulaco (65 killed, 1 survived) 200 miles west of Ireland. 
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20 Oct 1940 WW2 German submarines U-46, U-47, and U-100 attacked Allied convoy HX-79 50 miles northwest of Ireland, sinking 7 and damaging 1 between 0000 and 0720 hours. U-100 sank British ship Loch Lomond; 1 was killed and 111 survived. 
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20 Oct 1940 WW2 Italian BR20 bombers, Z1007 bombers, G50 fighters, and CR42 fighters arrived in Belgium and began to prepare their missions against Britain. 
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20 Oct 1940 WW2 German guns near Calais, France fired 50 shells at Dover, England, United Kingdom; 15 of the shells detonated. 
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20 Oct 1940 WW2 Werner Mölders was promoted to the rank of Oberstleutnant. 
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20 Oct 1940 WW2 5 raids consisted of German fighters and fighter-bombers flew over Kent in southern England, United Kingdom toward London between 0930 and 1500 hours; the Germans lost 6 Bf 109 fighters and 1 Bf 110 fighter, while the British lost 3 fighters without losing any pilots. Between 1900 hours and 0100 hours of the next day, London, Coventry, and Birmingham were bombed. 
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20 Oct 1941 WW2 Japanese luxury ocean liner Hikawa Maru departed Yokohama for Seattle. 
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20 Oct 1941 WW2 In reprisal for partisan attacks the Germans executed 2,324 Serbian men and boys in the Yugoslavian town of Kragujevac, including 300 boys who were herded out of the First Boys High School on the previous day. Local German authorities announced that the mass execution was in resopnse to a recent attack that saw 10 Germans killed and 26 wounded. Furious at partisan activity, Adolf Hitler had previously decreed that for every German soldier killed in attacks, 100 civilian would be executed, and for every German wounded, 50 would be executed. 
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20 Oct 1941 WW2 Hornet (Yorktown-class) was commissioned into service. 
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20 Oct 1941 WW2 After sundown, British cruiser HMS Latona and destroyers HMS Kingston, HMS Encounters, and HMS Nizam departed Alexandria, Egypt for Tobruk, Libya, returning in the early hours of the next day. To protect them, British cruisers HMS Ajax and HMS Galatea and Australian cruiser HMAS Hobart, escorted by destroyers HMS Griffin and HMS Jaguar, bombarded German coastal guns near Tobruk. 
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20 Oct 1941 WW2 In northern Russia, Soviet General Fedyuninsky launched an attack south of Lake Ladoga with 70,000 troops and 97 tanks in an attempt to break through the Leningrad siege. Meanwhile, German troops moved to attack the rail and road junction at Tikhvin 120 kilometers to the east to strengthen the siege. 
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20 Oct 1941 WW2 German submarine U-126 damaged British tanker British Mariner 80 miles off British West Africa at 0554 hours; 3 were killed, 48 survived; the tanker would be towed to Freetown where she was written off as a loss but would remain in service as an oil hulk. U-126 shadowed another tanker nearby, but was chased away by an escorting vessel before she could launch an attack. 
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20 Oct 1941 WW2 The United Kingdom and France concluded a Treaty of Mutual Assistance with Turkey. 
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20 Oct 1942 WW2 USS S-31 arrived in the Kurile Islands region. 
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20 Oct 1942 WW2 Japanese submarine I-176 attacked and damaged USS Chester in the Solomon Islands area. 
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20 Oct 1942 WW2 Japanese Lieutenant General Maruyama delayed the planned assault on Henderson Field on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands until 22 Oct 1942. Also on this date, a Japanese combat patrol, supported by two tanks, was driven back by men of the 3rd Battalion of the US 1st Marine Regiment west of the Matanikau River. 
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20 Oct 1942 WW2 USS Finback attacked a Japanese convoy off China, firing 9 torpedoes and claiming 3 hits and claiming two sinkings. 
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20 Oct 1942 WW2 Submarine tender Taigei was assigned to the Japanese Navy Maizuru Naval District as Reserve Ship No. 1. 
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20 Oct 1942 WW2 Light carrier Hosho was assigned to the Mobile Force Training Force. 
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20 Oct 1942 WW2 USS S-35 arrived at Unalaska, US Territory of Alaska in the Aleutian Islands. 
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20 Oct 1942 WW2 The USAAF conducted a photo reconnaissance mission over Rabaul, New Britain, revealing a concentration of about 70 ships. 
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20 Oct 1942 WW2 Hakkai Maru completed temporary repairs for Tenryu at Rabaul, New Britain. 
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20 Oct 1942 WW2 USS Helena observed incoming Japanese torpedoes while on patrol between Espiritu Santo of New Hebrides and San Cristobal island in the Solomon Islands; all torpedoes missed. 
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20 Oct 1943 WW2 The United Nations War Crimes Commission was established. 
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20 Oct 1943 WW2 Vatutin's attacked out of Bukrin, Ukraine were rebuffed with heavy Soviet casualties. 
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20 Oct 1943 WW2 Lieutenant Commander Shohei Matsumoto relieved Lieutenant Commander Shoichi Oyamada as the commanding officer of destroyer Yuzuki. 
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20 Oct 1943 WW2 Louis Mountbatten departed China for India. On the same day, Chiang Kaishek sent a message to King George VI, complimenting the new supreme commander. 
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20 Oct 1943 WW2 Chuichi Nagumo stepped down as the commanding officer of Kure Naval District, Japan and was given command of the First Fleet. 
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20 Oct 1943 WW2 US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214 was officially relieved from front line duty in the Solomon Islands. 
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20 Oct 1943 WW2 The keel of I-402 was laid down at Sasebo Naval Arsenal, Japan. 
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20 Oct 1943 WW2 Captured German Tiger I heavy tank "131" arrived at the village of Chobham, Surrey, England, United Kingdom via a Scammell 100-ton truck. 
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20 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Seahorse departed Midway Atoll for her second war patrol. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Franklin provided support for campaign for the invasion of Leyte, Philippine Islands. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 The "I have returned" speech was made by MacArthur as he landed at Leyte, Philippine Islands. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 Musashi refueled in Brunei Bay. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze arrived at Brunei. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 Joseph Stilwell bid his final farewell to Chiang Kaishek at Chiang's home in Chongqing, China. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 Otto Skorzeny arrived in Berlin, Germany. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 US 88th Division captured Monte Grande, Italy. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 Yamato refueled in Brunei Bay. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Wasp's aircraft supported the US landings on Leyte, Philippine Islands. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 Nachi arrived at Mako, Pescadores Islands with Cruiser Division 21. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit Croydon, London, England, United Kingdom, killing 6 and seriously injuring 14. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 Allied convoy JW-61 departed Liverpool, England, United Kingdom. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 Test pilot Milo Burcham was killed when the YP-80A jet aircraft he piloted crashed shortly after takeoff in Burbank, California, United States. 
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20 Oct 1944 WW2 Soviet troops and Yugoslavian partisans liberated Belgrade, Yugoslavia in a joint operation known as the Belgrade Offensive; Dubrovnik was captured by Yugoslavian partisans. 
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20 Oct 1945 WW2 USS Gar arrived at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States. 
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20 Oct 1945 WW2 HMS Activity was decommissioned from service upon arriving at the Clyde, Scotland, United Kingdom with former prisoners of war from Singapore. 
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20 Oct 1945 WW2 The Soviets sentenced Captain Eberhard von Scheller to death; during the war Scheller had worked for the Soviet SMERSH counterintelligence agency but he was caught attempting to smuggle sensitive information to the Germans. Scheller would be executed about two weeks later. 
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20 Oct 1945 WW2 USS Marlin departed New London, Connecticut, United States and arrived at Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States. 
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20 Oct 1947 WW2 Destroyer HMCS Cayuga was commissioned into service with Commander O. C. S. Robertson in command. 
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20 Oct 1957 RELIGIOUS English apologist C.S. Lewis shared his longing for heaven in a letter: 'It'll be nice when we all wake up from this life, which has indeed something like a nightmare about it.'
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