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History on the 23rd of October

History
Date Text
23 Oct 1239 RELIGIOUS In England, the main cathedral at Wells (begun c.1186) was consecrated. The most striking interior feature of the cathedral are the inverted arches (14th century) by which the piers of the tower are strengthened.
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23 Oct 1385 RELIGIOUS In Germany, the University of Heidelberg was founded under Pope Urban VI as a college of the Cistercian order. (Among its faculties today are theology, law, medicine and philosophy.)
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23 Oct 1857 RELIGIOUS Delegates from eight states met in Nashville and organized the Southern Baptist Sunday School Union. The organization proved short-lived, when it was nullified by the onset of the American Civil War.
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23 Oct 1871 RELIGIOUS Birth of Edgar J. Goodspeed, American Greek N.T. scholar. He taught at the University of Chicago 1898-1937. In 1931, he co-authored with JMP Smith "The Bible: An American Translation," better known today as "Smith and Goodspeed."
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23 Oct 1911 WW2 Chinese cruiser Zhaohe was launched at Elswick, England, United Kingdom. 
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23 Oct 1913 WW2 Arthur Chen was born. 
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23 Oct 1914 WW2 German troops attacked the towns of Escobecques, Englos, and Capingham in Belgium south of Ypres. 
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23 Oct 1917 WW2 In Petrograd, Russia the central committee of the Bolshevik Party decided that the time was ripe for an armed insurrection to seize power from the Provisional Government. 
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23 Oct 1918 WW2 Robert Greim was awarded the Military Order of Max Joseph, which added the honorific Ritter and the style von to his name, ie. Robert Ritter von Greim. 
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23 Oct 1918 WW1 Begin of Battle of Vittorio Veneto
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23 Oct 1927 WW2 Leon Trotsky, already expelled from the Politburo, denounced Joseph Stalin on the floor of the Plenum, publicly accusing Stalin as being the real danger to the Leninist party. He received little support from the other Soviet delegates. 
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23 Oct 1933 WW2 The keel of Marseillaise was laid down by A. C. de la Loire in Nantes, France. 
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23 Oct 1934 WW2 Italian pilot Francesco Agelio set a new world speed record of 440.682 mph (709.209 km/h) in a Macchi MC 72 racing seaplane. Remarkably this still remains the unbeaten speed record for piston-engined seaplanes. 
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23 Oct 1935 WW2 In England, portions of the prototype Hurricane fighter were transported from Kingston upon Thames to Brooklands for assembly for a soon to be held test flight. 
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23 Oct 1937 WW2 Yingrui was sunk by Japanese carrier aircraft from Kaga off Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China; 15 were killed, 40 were wounded. 
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23 Oct 1937 WW2 Submarine Skipjack was launched at Groton, Connecticut, United States, sponsored by Miss Frances Cuthbert Van Keuren. 
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23 Oct 1938 WW2 Japanese troops captured Humen, Guangdong Province, China. 
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23 Oct 1939 WW2 British light cruiser HMS Orion and Canadian destroyer HMCS Saguenay intercepted German tanker Emmy Friedrich; Emmy Friedrich's crew scuttled the ship to avoid capture. 
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23 Oct 1939 WW2 HMS Edinburgh departed Rosyth, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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23 Oct 1940 WW2 Ten WW1-era American destroyers were transferred to the British Royal Navy at Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, including destroyer USS Twiggs which was renamed HMS Leamington. 
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23 Oct 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler met with Francisco Franco on the Franco-Spanish border at Hendaye, France. Franco promised Spain will fight at Germany's side, but refused to commit his nation to war. 
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23 Oct 1940 WW2 Germans only mounted small raids against southern England, United Kingdom due to poor weather; no aircraft were shot down on either side during the day. Overnight, light bombing hit London, England and Glasgow, Scotland. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Honolulu, US Territory of Hawaii at 1000 hours and disembarked American nationals who wished to return to the US due to the rapidly deteriorating US-Japan relations. Two Japanese intelligence agents who carried instructions for the consulate and a supply of radios for civilian spies already in place on Oahu, Hawaii were also disembarked. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 In Odessa, Ukraine, as reprisals to the previous day's bombing, 5,000 Jews were murdered by shooting, 19,000 Jews were murdered by burning, and 20,000 civilians (mostly Jews) were arrested. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 Charles de Gaulle met with leaders of resistance movements, asking them to bide their time and protect the lives of innocents. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 German merchant raider Kormoran completed taking on 4,000 tons of diesel oil and 6 months of supply from supply ship Kulmerland off Cape Leeuwin, Australia. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 The Soviet attempt to break out of Leningrad, Russia south of Lake Ladoga was halted by the Germans. Meanwhile, 120 kilometers to the east, two divisions of the Soviet 54th Army were dispatched to reinforce Tikhvin, which had been under attack by the Germans. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 The 3rd Panzer Division of the German Panzergruppe 2 outflanked Soviet troops at Mtensk, Russia, 100 kilometers south of Moscow. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 Four crew members of German submarine U-106, on watch on the deck, were swept overboard in the Bay of Biscay and were all lost. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 Soviet submarine SC.323 sank German merchant ship Baltenland in the Baltic Sea. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 British cruisers HMS Ajax, HMS Neptune, and HMS Hobart, escorted by destroyers HMS Eridge and HMS Avonvale, departed Alexandria, Egypt and bombarded Bardia, Libya. Meanwhile, also from Alexandria, British destroyers HMS Napier, HMS Nizam, HMS Jupiter, and HMS Hasty bombarded Sollum, Egypt. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 The German government banned the emigration of Jews. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 Kaga was relieved as the flagship of Carrier Division 1 of the Japanese Navy First Air Fleet. 
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23 Oct 1941 WW2 2,014 German Jews originally from Cologne, Germany arrived at the Lodz Ghetto in Poland. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 Tirpitz departed Bogen near Narvik, Norway for refitting at Fættenfjord/Lofjord near Trondheim. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 Operation Lightfoot was launched by the British in Egypt, attempting to penetrate the extensive Axis minefield with a major offensive. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 Allied convoy UCF 1, containing troops and equipment for the invasion of French North Africa, departed Chesapeake Bay, United States. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 USS Enterprise and USS South Dakota arrived at Nouméa, New Caledonia. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 Amidst heavy mortar and artillery barrages, Japanese tanks attempted to cross the Matanikau River on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands; while some successfully crossed, all were eventually driven back by US Marines. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 German submarine U-333 arrived at La Pallice, France. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 7 US B-17 Flying Fortress bombers launched from Port Moresby, Australian Papua at 0145 hours, followed by another 7 shortly after. As they reached Rabaul, New Britain, ,most of them conducted conventional bombing against Simpson Harbor while 3 of them skip-bombed; the skip-bombing damaged 2 submarine chasers. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 Auschwitz-bound prisoners in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Germany staged a revolt that resulted in failure. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 RAF bombers attacked Genoa and Turin, Italy. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt arrived in London, England, United Kingdom for a three-week visit as guest of King George VI. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 USS S-28 arrived at San Diego, California, United States. 
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23 Oct 1942 WW2 USS Pollack arrived at Midway Atoll, refueled, and departed for her fourth war patrol in the Truk, Caroline Islands area. 
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23 Oct 1943 WW2 Lieutenant General Brehon Somervell visited India and offered US Army railway troops to support the British Bengal and Assam Railway. 
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23 Oct 1943 WW2 British elements of US 5th Army capture Sparanise, Italy. 
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23 Oct 1943 WW2 Yamato departed Brown Atoll, Eniwetok, Marshall Islands and sortied to a position 250 miles south of Wake Island. 
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23 Oct 1943 WW2 U-537 departed Martin Bay, Labrador, Newfoundland after installing Weather Station Kurt and repairing the submarine's storm damage. 
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23 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Grayback fired her deck gun at a small boat in the East China Sea, causing no damage. 
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23 Oct 1943 WW2 A transport of prisoners from Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp arrived at Gas Chamber II of Auschwitz Concentration Camp. In the undressing room, one of the Jewish women seized SS man Josef Schillinger's pistol and shot Schillinger and another guard, Wilhelm Emmerich. Other prisoners joined in to attack other guards, but the SS eventually took control of the situation. Schillinger died on the way to the hospital; Emmerich survived the wound, but became permanently disabled. 
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23 Oct 1943 WW2 Soviet forces captured Melitopol, Ukraine after 10 days of combat; meanwhile, Malinovsky's forces captured Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine. 
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23 Oct 1943 WW2 Two years after the death of his first wife, Margaret, former British Liberal Prime Minister David Lloyd George (aged 80) married his secretary and mistress, Francis Stevenson, much to the disapproval of his children. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Franklin launched strikes in the Manila Bay area at Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Trepang arrived at Majuro, Marshall Islands, ending her first war patrol. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Tang attacked an escorted Japanese convoy consisted of three tankers, one transport, and one freighter. She penetrated to the center of the convoy without being detected and fired nine torpedoes, eight of which found targets. All five ships were sunk, and Tang was able to escape unharmed. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Snook attacked a Japanese convoy over the course of the day, firing a total of 20 torpedoes. Scoring 7 total hits, she sank passenger-cargo ship Shinsei Maru Number 1, tanker Kikusui Maru, and passenger ship Arisan Maru (which was carrying 1,800 American prisoners of war, many of whom did not survive). 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Croaker sank a Japanese freighter with 1 of 4 torpedoes fired and damaged a schooner. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 The first unmanned flight of the prototype Ohka aircraft was conducted over Sagami Bay, Japan. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 HMS Activity arrived in Trincomalee, Ceylon. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 After dark, USS Guitarro spotted the Japanese Center Force sailing toward the Philippine Islands and tracked this fleet through the Mindoro Strait. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 Captain Charles Alfred Evelyn Stanfield was named the commanding officer of HMS Mauritius. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 German III.Panzer Korps launched a counter attack near Debrecen, Hungary. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 Hungarian and German soldiers rounded up Jews in the city of Budapest, Hungary. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 British 78th Division captured Monte Spaduro, Italy. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita transferred his flag aboard Yamato after his former flagship Atago was sunk by submarine USS Darter. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 US submarines Darter and Dace detected a Japanese fleet in the Palawan Strait and reported the movement. Darter sank cruisers Atago and Maya. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Sunfish arrived at the Yellow Sea. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 Nachi arrived at Coron, Palawan, Philippine Islands. 
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23 Oct 1944 WW2 A passenger aircraft crashed near the Taiwan Grand Shrine on Yuanshan Mountain in Taihoku (now Taipei), Taiwan, destroying a torii gate and other important structures of the shrine. 
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23 Oct 1945 WW2 Farragut was decommissioned from service. 
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23 Oct 1945 WW2 USS Missouri arrived at New York, New York, United States. 
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23 Oct 1945 WW2 USS Parche departed Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California, United States. 
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23 Oct 1945 WW2 USS Whale arrived at Boston, Massachusetts, United States. 
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23 Oct 1946 WW2 The US Army military government in Korea issued the Name Restoration Order, which provided means for Koreans to change their surnames back to their Korean surnames if they or their families had adopted Japanese surnames during the Japanese occupation. 
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23 Oct 4004 RELIGIOUS (BC) According to the sacred timeline worked out by Archbishop James Ussher, 73, "the heavens and the earth" were created on this date at 9:00 a.m. (GMT). Ussher's "Chronologies of he Old and New Testaments" was first published 1650-54.
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22nd October 24th October
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