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History on the 30th of October

History
Date Text
30 Oct 1536 RELIGIOUS Thirteen years after Lutheran ministers came to bring spiritual renewal to its people, Denmark adopted Lutheranism as its official state religion.
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30 Oct 1738 RELIGIOUS English founder of Methodism John Wesley explained in a letter: 'By a "Christian," I mean one who so believes in Christ as that sin hath no more dominion over him.'
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30 Oct 1768 RELIGIOUS The Wesley Chapel on John Street in New York City was dedicated. It was the first Methodist church building to be erected in the American colonies, and was restored in 1817, and again in 1840.
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30 Oct 1902 RELIGIOUS Pope Leo XIII published the apostolic letter "Vigilantiae," which officially established the Pontifical Commission of Biblical Studies. Created to safeguard the authority of Scripture from outside secular criticism, in 1904 the Commission was empowered to confer academic degrees.
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30 Oct 1914 WW2 The Turkish navy made a pre-emptive strike against Russia. The ex-German battlecruiser Goeben shelled Sevastopol in Russia, the cruiser Breslau shelled Novorossiisk in Russia, and the Turkish cruiser Hamidieh shelled Odesssa in Ukraine. 
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30 Oct 1923 WW2 S-23 was commissioned into service. 
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30 Oct 1923 WW2 Former British Prime Minister Bonar Law died in London, England, United Kingdom from throat cancer. 
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30 Oct 1924 WW2 The keel of Duquesne was laid down at the Arsenal de Brest, France. 
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30 Oct 1929 WW2 Lieutenant Commander Katsuno was named the commanding officer of destroyer Yuzuki. 
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30 Oct 1929 WW2 Koichi Shiozawa was named the chief of staff of the Japanese 1st Fleet. 
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30 Oct 1935 WW2 The Hackenkreuz (Eagle-Swastika symbol) was made a part of military uniform jackets. 
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30 Oct 1936 WW2 The Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park, London, England, United Kingdom for the Great Exhibition in 1851, was destroyed by fire. 
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30 Oct 1937 WW2 The Chinese coastal battery at Wushan, Jiangsu Province, China sank two Japanese Navy vessels. 
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30 Oct 1938 WW2 Spanish Nationalist forces launched a massive attack near River Ebro in Spain. 
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30 Oct 1939 WW2 Leutnant Wilhem Zahn in German submarine U-56 fired three torpedoes at the battleship HMS Nelson off the Orkney Islands in Scotland, United Kingdom. Two of the torpedoes hit home but fortunately both proved to be duds. 
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30 Oct 1939 WW2 An act was signed in Moscow, Russia which formally annexed occupied Polish territories. 
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30 Oct 1940 WW2 RAF Bomber Command received orders to begin area bombing. 
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30 Oct 1940 WW2 German submarine U-32 attacked British ship Balzac in a rain storm 100 miles northwest of Ireland at 1240, but the torpedo detonated prematurely, alarming Balzac's crew, which called for support. British destroyers HMS Harvester and HMS Highlander raced from 45 miles away to attack U-32. U-32 dove, but was damaged by depth charges. At 1908 hours, U-32 surfaced in an attempt to flee, but HMS Highlander's crew was able to detect U-32 despite a stormy night. Hit by gunfire that killed 9, U-32's crew scuttled the submarine. Back in Germany, a fake news regarding U-32's triumphant return was broadcast shortly after to hide the news of the loss. 
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30 Oct 1940 WW2 British destroyer HMS Fearless collided with British ship Lanark in stormy weather off Gourock, Scotland, United Kingdom. HMS Fearless was heavily damaged and would remain in repair until the end of the year. 
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30 Oct 1940 WW2 British destroyer HMS Sturdy ran aground at Tiree, Scotland, United Kingdom in stormy weather; 5 men drowned while swimming ashore. 
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30 Oct 1940 WW2 Adolf Galland claimed his 50th victory. 
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30 Oct 1940 WW2 Wing Commander J. R. O'Sullivan was ordered to form a fighter squadron at the civilian airfield at Ta' Qali, Malta. 
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30 Oct 1940 WW2 The German Luftwaffe launched two raids over southern England, United Kingdom at 1130 and 1540 hours; the Germans lost 8 Bf 109 fighters and 1 He 111 bomber, while the British lost 5 fighters with 4 pilots killed. London was bombed overnight. 
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30 Oct 1940 WW2 James Lacey shot down a German Bf 109 fighter and damaged another over Britain. 
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30 Oct 1940 WW2 USS R-5 was assigned to US Submarine Division 42 at New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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30 Oct 1941 WW2 In Russia, Kampfgruppe Eberbach of German 4th Panzer Division began to advance north from Tula toward Moscow at 0530 hours; it was soon turned back by heavy anti-tank fire. Another attempt was made at 1000 hours, again at 1300 hours, and a final time at 1600 hours, inflicting heavy casualties on the Soviets but failing to break through. During the night, Soviet 32nd Tank Brigade arrived to reinforce Tula, while the German troops began to feel the cold Russian winter. 
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30 Oct 1941 WW2 German submarine U-106 damaged oiler USS Salinas 700 miles east of Newfoundland at 0900 hours. While USS Salina limped to Argentia, Newfoundland for repairs, U-106 was chased by escort vessels for nine hours, surviving but sustaining serious damage. 
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30 Oct 1941 WW2 The British cabinet received the report that, in the week ending 29 Oct 1941, 886 ships (including 24 ships flying flags of neutral nations) were convoyed; 113 destroyers (including 24 American destroyers), 117 smaller ships, and 9 anti-aircraft ships were deployed as convoy escorts. During the war thus far, a total of 86,687 ships had been convoyed, of which 451 were lost by enemy action. In terms of goods transported, the report indicated that, in the week ending 25 Oct 1941, 1,435,869 tons of supplies were imported into Britain, which was an increase from 789,286 tons from the previous seven-day period. 
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30 Oct 1941 WW2 The Jager Report (issued on 1 Dec 1941) noted that 382 adult male, 789 adult female, and 362 children, all Jews, were killed in Vilnius, Lithuania for a total of 1,553 people. 
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30 Oct 1941 WW2 Reinhard Heydrich appointed Siegfried Seidl the commandant of the camp-ghetto soon to be known as the Theresienstadt Concentration Camp in occupied Czechoslovakia. 
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30 Oct 1941 WW2 German 132nd Infantry Division reached the outskirts of Sevastopol, Russia. After sundown, Soviet cruiser Krasnyi Kavkaz brought in the Soviet 8th Naval Infantry Brigade from Novorossiysk as reinforcements, while the Soviet Black Sea Fleet relocated many of its warships out of Sevastopol as a safety measure. 
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30 Oct 1941 WW2 Allied convoy PQ-2 arrived at Arkhangelsk, Russia. 
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30 Oct 1941 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at San Francisco, California, United States and disembarked non-Japanese passengers who departed due to the rapidly deteriorating US-Japan relations, including El Savadorian Consul General Leon Siguenza and Commander P. D. Perkins of the American Foreign Office in Japan. She then embarked Japanese nationals who wished to leave the US for similar reasons, and departed San Francisco. 
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30 Oct 1942 WW2 Operation Title: British attempted to attack German battleship Tirpitz with human torpedoes. The mission was aborted. 
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30 Oct 1942 WW2 Axis forces at El Alamein, Egypt were now down to about 320 operational tanks with little fuel, while the Allies had about 800 tanks. After sun down, Montgomery launched a diversionary attack at the Point 29 region to pin down Axis forces before he was ready to launch his main offensive elsewhere. 
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30 Oct 1942 WW2 For Günther von Kluge's birthday, Adolf Hitler gave him a gift of 250,000 Reichsmarks, half of which was for a renovation of his estate. Accompanying the gift was a special permit which allowed him to embark on such a renovation during war time. 
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30 Oct 1942 WW2 In Belgium, German Gestapo officers rounded up 100 Jewish children and their carers from a children's home in Brussels and moved them to a transit camp in Mechelen; protests, including one from the secretary-general of the Belgian Ministry of Justice, forced the Germans to return the children to the home. 
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30 Oct 1942 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing destroyer Kuroshio at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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30 Oct 1942 WW2 Russian freighter Dekabrist, US freighter John Walker, and British freighter Empire Gilbert departed Hvalfjörður, Iceland in Operation FB. 
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30 Oct 1942 WW2 USS Whale fired two torpedoes at a Japanese convoy 19 kilometers off Ichie Saki, Wakayama, Japan, scoring one hit. She was given chase by a torpedo boat for the next 17 hours and suffered serious damage. 
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30 Oct 1942 WW2 All Jewish prisoners of Auschwitz I Concentration Camp were brought out for a roll call; 800 were chosen to be sent to the newly created Buna sub-camp in Monowice to supply workers for the nearly I.G. Farben chemical plant; a number of prisoners too weak to work were sent to the gas chambers. 
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30 Oct 1942 WW2 The keel of submarine Flier was laid down by the Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut, United States. 
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30 Oct 1943 WW2 The keel of submarine Sea Cat was laid down at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, United States. 
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30 Oct 1943 WW2 HMT Gulland was commissioned into service. 
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30 Oct 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho arrived at Sama (now Sanya), Hainan, China. 
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30 Oct 1943 WW2 Submarine Runner was struck from the US Naval Register. 
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30 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Seahorse sank a small Japanese vessel with her deck gun south of Japan. 
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30 Oct 1943 WW2 A report from German Commander-in-Chief, West Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt appeared on Aold Hitler's desk. It described the shabby situation on the English Channel coast in France. Consequently Field Marshal Erwin Rommel would be despached by the German High Command to insect the Atlantic Wall defences and to submit a report. 
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30 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Ray arrived at Brisbane, Australia. 
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30 Oct 1943 WW2 Shokaku departed Truk, Caroline Islands for Rabaul, New Britain to reinforce Rabaul. 
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30 Oct 1943 WW2 USS Harder departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her third war patrol, this time as a member of a wolfpack. 
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30 Oct 1943 WW2 The keel of submarine Springer was laid down at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California, United States. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Franklin was struck by a special attack aircraft, causing serious damage. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 Allied troops captured Tholen and Goes in the Netherlands. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 During an audience with Navy Minister Admiral Mitsumasa Yonai, Emperor Showa noted "It is truly regrettable that it should be necessary to go to this extreme, but they have done well", referring to the suicide tokko attacks on American naval vessels. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Guitarro made rendezvous with submarines USS Bream and USS Raton. After sundown, the wolfpack began attacking a Japanese convoy off Cape Bolinao, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Alabama arrived at Ulithi, Caroline Islands. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 German SS-General Hermann Höfle and leader of the Slovakian government Jozef Tiso jointly announced the victory over the uprising at Banská Bystrica, Czechoslovakia. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 The German counterattack near Debrecen, Hungary was called off, with the Germans claiming 25,000 enemy troops killed and 600 tanks destroyed; Soviet forces responded by starting their own offensive in the region. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 British 8th Army reached Forlì, Italy. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki departed Sasebo, Japan, escorting carrier Junyo and cruiser Kiso for the Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 Unryu arrived at Kure, Japan and became the flagship of Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa's Mobile Fleet. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 USS Marcus Island departed the Philippine Islands. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Kirun (now Keelung), Taiwan. 
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30 Oct 1944 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit the Royal Victoria Dock at Earlham Grove, West Ham, London, England, United Kingdom at 1200 hours. 
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30 Oct 1945 WW2 Liberty Ship Albert M. Boe was delivered to the US Navy; she was to be the last Liberty Ship to be built. 
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30 Oct 1945 WW2 S-45 was decommissioned from service. 
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30 Oct 1945 WW2 USS Whale arrived at New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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30 Oct 1945 WW2 USS Permit completed her duty as a training submarine at Submarine Base, New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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30 Oct 1945 WW2 USS Wasp arrived at New York Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York, United States, where she would receive minor conversion work to accommodate 400 officer and 5,000 men. 
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30 Oct 1976 RELIGIOUS Dr. Joseph H. Evans was elected president of the United Church of Christ. It made him the first African-American leader of this predominantly white denomination.
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