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History on the 13th of November

History
Date Text
13 Nov 0354 RELIGIOUS Birth of St. Augustine of Hippo, greatest of the Early Latin Church Fathers. Of his many writings, two have endured: "Confessions" describes the circumstances leading to his conversion to the Christian faith, and "The City of God" was written as a Christian view of the sacking of Rome by the Visigoths in the year 410.
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13 Nov 1564 RELIGIOUS Pius IV ordered his bishops and scholars to subscribe to "Professio Fidei," the Profession of the Tridentine Faith recently formulated at the Council of Trent (1545_63) as the new and final definition of the Roman Catholic faith.
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13 Nov 1618 RELIGIOUS In the Dutch commune of Dordrecht, the Synod of Dort convened to discuss the Arminian controversy vexing the Reformed faith. In the end, about 200 Arminian (Remonstrant) ministers were deposed and fifteen were placed under arrest and later expelled from the country.
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13 Nov 1804 RELIGIOUS Anglican missionary to Persia, Henry Martyn wrote in his journal: 'God and eternal things are my only pleasure.'
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13 Nov 1914 WW2 British 8th Division arrived in Ypres, Belgium, which was currently under German attack. 
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13 Nov 1917 WW1 Begin of Battle of Mughar Ridge
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13 Nov 1918 WW2 The Austrian Republic was established. 
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13 Nov 1921 WW2 Light carrier Hosho was launched. 
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13 Nov 1933 WW2 The Reich Chamber of Culture was officially launched under the auspices of Goebbel's Ministry of Propaganda. Under the executive presidency of Hans Hinkel, a former Freikorps fighter and Nazi Party member, the chamber assumed responsibility for all cultural activity in Germany. 
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13 Nov 1934 WW2 Nazi Party Christians held a rally at the Sportpalast in Berlin, Germany, during which party officially announced what amounted to the Nazification of Christianity. 
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13 Nov 1938 WW2 Failures in communications in the city of Changsha, Hunan Province, China led to the commencement of a scorched earth operation which was only suppose to take effect when the city was about to fall into Japanese hands. Fires were started at pre-arranged locations around the city, starting the Wenxi Fire that would burn for five days, killing 3,000 people and destroying a large number of buildings. 
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13 Nov 1939 WW2 King Carol of Romania offered to mediate peace between Germany and the western powers. 
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13 Nov 1939 WW2 German destroyers Z20, Z18, Z19, and Z21 mined the mouth of the River Thames in southern England, United Kingdom before dawn. At 0526 hours, British cruiser HMS Adventure hit one of the mines and was damaged, killing 23. At 0820 hours, British destroyer Blanche also hit one of the mines and was badly damaged, killing 1 and wounding 12; as Blanche sank while under tow by tugboat Fabia, she became the first British destroyer lost to enemy action in WW2. 
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13 Nov 1939 WW2 Finnish diplomats Paasikivi and Tanner departed Moscow, Russia after all negotiation attempts failed. 
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13 Nov 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler again postponed the invasion of France; the next date for decision was to be 22 Nov 1939. 
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13 Nov 1939 WW2 Prince Nagahisa's daughter Princess Hatsuko was born. 
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13 Nov 1939 WW2 German bombers struck the Shetland Islands, Scotland, United Kingdom but did little damage. 
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13 Nov 1940 WW2 Hitler, Ribbentrop, and Molotov continued their meeting in Berlin, Germany. Hitler attempted to divert Soviet aggression out of the Balkan Peninsula and Finland, and instead focus, together with Germany, to defeat the United Kingdom, with the ultimate prize being the partition of the British Empire among Germany, the Soviet Union, Italy, and Japan. Molotov, who was not moved, asked Hitler whether Germany would feel comfortable with a Soviet guarantee of Bulgarian borders much like how Germany had recently guaranteed Romanian borders; unable to answer that question, Hitler again broke off the discussion on the excuse of potential British bombings as the hours were getting late. Indeed, having known that Molotov was visiting Berlin, the British RAF launched bombers to attack Berlin as a show of force to convince Molotov that Britain was still in the fight. Ribbentrop and Molotov continued the meeting in a underground bunker amidst the bombing where Ribbentrop failed to entice Molotov with a four-power (Germany, Italy, Japan, and Soviet Union) military alliance proposal. 
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13 Nov 1940 WW2 By the end of the day, Greek troops had pushed most Italian troops in northern Greece back to the Albanian border. 
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13 Nov 1940 WW2 German submarine U-137 torpedoed and sank British ship Cape St. Andrew, which was under tow by tug HMS Salvonia, 100 miles northwest of Ireland at 2108 hours. 14 crew and 1 gunner were killed. 53 survivors were picked up by Salvonia. 
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13 Nov 1940 WW2 British submarine HMS Tigris sank French trawler Charles Edmonde 100 miles west of Bordeaux, France. 
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13 Nov 1940 WW2 Italian bombers damaged British destroyer HMS Decoy at Alexandria, Egypt, killing 8 and wounding 3. 
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13 Nov 1940 WW2 Garland was seriously damaged by a storm while escorting battleship HMS Revenge in the Atlantic Ocean. Two men were killed. 
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13 Nov 1940 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at San Francisco, California, United States. 
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13 Nov 1941 WW2 German troops fighting near Moscow, Russia were fighting temperatures as low as -8° F (-22° C). As the mud freezes, however, the Germans prepared for a new offensive amidst increasing casualties due to weather. 
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13 Nov 1941 WW2 Japanese Admiral Yamamoto gathered his commanders at Iwakuni air base at Yamaguchi, Japan to discuss Pearl Harbor tactics. 
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13 Nov 1941 WW2 Adolf Hitler ordered the German Navy to restraint from attacking American ships, but should German warships be fired upon by the Americans, they were to fire back in defense. 
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13 Nov 1941 WW2 After sundown, Soviet destroyers Gordy and Surovy departed Gogland, Russia for Hanko, Finland, escorted by minelayer Ural, four T-class minesweepers, and four MO-class submarine chasers. En route, Surovy, T-206, and MO-301 struck Finnish naval mines and sunk. 
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13 Nov 1941 WW2 General Kirill Meretskov attacked German troops at Tikhvin, Russia with Soviet 4th, 52nd, and 54th Armies. 
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13 Nov 1941 WW2 German submarine U-81 sank British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal in the Mediterranean Sea 150 miles east of Gibraltar at 0437 hours; 1 was killed, 1,487 survived. Destroyer escorts counterattacked with 130 depth charges, but U-81 would escape. HMS Ark Royal was taken in tow. 
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13 Nov 1941 WW2 German submarine U-126 sank British merchant vessel Peru at 0042 hours, all 50 aboard survived and were rescued by South African whale factory ship Uniwaleco. 
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13 Nov 1941 WW2 Allied troops established a new defensive line from the mouth of the Muar River to Gemas in British Malaya. 
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13 Nov 1941 WW2 Soviet cruiser Chervona Ukraina, damaged by German aircraft on the previous day, sank at Sevastopol, Russia. Her guns would be salvaged to be used on shore. 
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13 Nov 1941 WW2 The British Air Ministry instructed Sir Richard Pierse, the Commander-in-Chief Bomber Command, to curtail drastically the scale of sorties against Germany, especially in bad weather. The War Cabinet stated the instruction "having stressed the necessity to conserve our resources in order to built a strong force to be available by the spring of next year". 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 USS S-28 began an overhaul, during which she would receive a fathometer, a Kleinschmidt distilling unit, and SJ radar. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Norman Scott passed away. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Daniel Callahan passed away. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Allied troops captured Tobruk, Libya. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 In Algeria, men of British No. 6 Commando captured the harbor of Bone, while other troops captured Djedjelli. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Damaged in the naval battle before dawn, Hiei struggled to return to base. After persistent attacks by aircraft attacks, it was decided that she was to be scuttled. After all men were taken off, she was scuttled by torpedoes north of Savo Island in the Solomon Islands. She became the first Japanese battleship to be lost in combat. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 The First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ended before dawn with the US Navy task force under Rear Admiral Daniel Callahan driving off a Japanese naval bombardment group. After dark, Japanese cruisers challenged the US naval forces again by coming close to sure and bombarding Henderson Field, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 US Navy pilot Lieutenant H. S. Blake detected Vichy French submarine Le Conquerant 700 miles off Casablanca, French Morocco, which refused to answer recognition signals when challenged. Blake attacked, blowing off the conning tower, and sank the submarine with all aboard lost. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Adolf Hitler promised France that Germany would leave the French fleet at Toulon, France alone. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Hauptmann Wilhelm Antrup and Oberleutnant Albert Koller of the German Kampfgeschwader 55 wing were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Rabaul, New Britain. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Japanese troops arrived at Munda Point, New Georgia, to construct an airfield. Detecting this movement, three squadrons of US B-24 bombers flew to Iron Range airfield in northern Queensland, Australia to stage an attack on the future airfield. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Tenryu departed Shortland Island, Solomon Islands. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 USS Helena detected Japanese warships with her radar off Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands at 0124 hours, but poor communications and general confusion caused a lack of proper action from the task force. The First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal was joined after the two sides sighted each other. USS Helena assisted in the sinking of destroyer Akatsuki and seriously damaged destroyer Amatsukaze. Captain Gilbert Hoover, commanding officer of USS Helena and the senior surviving US officer, gave the order for all Americans to disengage from battle after 40 minutes of fighting. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Carrier Crown Point, still under construction at Camden, New Jersey, United States, was renamed Langley. 
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13 Nov 1942 WW2 Carrier Oriskany was renamed Wasp while still under construction at Bethlehem Steel Company's Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts, United States. 
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13 Nov 1943 WW2 Ugo Cavallero passed away. 
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13 Nov 1943 WW2 Omar Bradley was promoted to the permanent rank of colonel. 
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13 Nov 1943 WW2 USS Scorpion attacked a Japanese convoy in the Mariana Islands with four torpedoes, damaging oiler Shiretoko with one hit. 
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13 Nov 1943 WW2 Adolf Hitler officially upheld Kaiser Wilhelm II's previous decree and bestowed upon Alfried von Bohlen und Halbach the name Krupp, making him the official head of the Krupp family conglomerate Friedrich Krupp AG. 
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13 Nov 1943 WW2 USS Ray departed Milne Bay, British Territory of Papua for her first war patrol. 
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13 Nov 1943 WW2 Shokaku returned to Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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13 Nov 1944 WW2 General LeClerc's Free French troops attacked to the Upper Rhine out of Alsace, France. 
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13 Nov 1944 WW2 The Japanese Army Fugaki Squadron, based in the Philippine Islands, conducted its first tokko mission with five converted Ki-67-I Kai To-Go aircraft, without success. 
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13 Nov 1944 WW2 Colonel George E. Price received the go-ahead for Project Extraversion, which called for four YP-80A jet aircraft to move to the front lines of the European Theater of Operations for combat testing. 
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13 Nov 1944 WW2 USS Caiman departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her first war patrol. 
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13 Nov 1944 WW2 USS Ticonderoga launched Air Group 80 aircraft for strikes on Manila and surrounding targets on Luzon, Philippine Islands; 2 men and 4 aircraft were lost. 
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13 Nov 1944 WW2 Civil air service was restored to London, England, United Kingdom for the first time since Sep 1939 when Railway Air Services began flight operations on a Croydon-Liverpool-Belfast route. 
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13 Nov 1944 WW2 German forces withdraw from Skopje, Yugoslavia. 
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13 Nov 1945 WW2 General Charles de Gaulle became the first post-war head of French government. 
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13 Nov 1945 WW2 Norman Jackson was presented with a Victoria Cross medal by King George VI of the United Kingdom for his brave attempt to put out the fire on his Lancaster bomber's starboard wing during the night of 26-27 Apr 1944. 
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13 Nov 1945 WW2 U-977 arrived at Boston, Massachusetts, United States by tow. 
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13 Nov 1945 WW2 USS Sterlet departed San Diego, California, United States. 
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13 Nov 1946 WW2 German prisoners of war Georg Jantschi and Karl Kosch were transferred from the special Prisoner of War Camp No. 27 in the suburbs of Moscow, Russia to the Lefortovo Prison in Moscow. 
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13 Nov 1962 RELIGIOUS The name of St. Joseph was added to the canon of the Roman Catholic mass. It constituted the first alteration made to this canon since the seventh century.
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