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History on the 20th of November

History
Date Text
20 Nov 1541 RELIGIOUS In Switzerland, French reformer John Calvin, 32, established a theocratic government at Geneva, thereby creating a home base for emergent Protestantism throughout Europe.
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20 Nov 1572 RELIGIOUS The first Presbyterian meeting house in England was established at Wandsworth, Surrey.
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20 Nov 1850 RELIGIOUS Blind Fanny Crosby underwent a dramatic spiritual conversion at age 30. Fifteen years later, she began writing her first of over 8,000 hymns texts. Many of these remain popular today, including "Rescue the Perishing," "Jesus, Keep Me Near the Cross," "All the Way My Savior Leads Me" and "Tell Me the Story of Jesus."
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20 Nov 1872 RELIGIOUS The hymn penned by Annie Sherwood Hawks, 36 __ "I Need Thee Every Hour" __ was first sung at a National Baptist Sunday School Convention in Cincinnati, Ohio.
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20 Nov 1911 WW2 Haichou fired on the Qing troop concentration at the railroad station at Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, destroying 5 trains and killing many. 
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20 Nov 1914 WW2 German troops began to withdraw from Ypres, Belgium, abandoning the offensive which began on 20 Oct 1914. 
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20 Nov 1914 WW2 Georg von Küchler was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. 
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20 Nov 1917 WW2 At the Battle of Cambrai in France, the British Army launched its first full-scale offensive that was designed exclusively to accommodate a new British secret weapon, the Tank (so-called because when the first shipment came from England they were described as water tanks to maintain secrecy). Following a surprise artillery barrage 476 tanks, packed tightly for a mass attack moved against the German lines. Supported by infantry and 289 British aircraft the gains were dramatic, breaching the almost impregnable Hindenberg Line to a depth of 4-5 miles in some places. However, these gains seemed to surprise British High Command equally as much as the Germans and the following cavalry failed to take advantage. Ultimately most of the captured ground would be retaken within a few weeks. Nevertheless, Cambrai demonstrated how a well-thought out attack, combining tanks en masse with surprise, could be used to break the trench deadlock. 
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20 Nov 1917 WW1 Begin of Battle of Cambrai
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20 Nov 1919 WW2 Tenryu was commissioned into service and was assigned to Kure Naval District in Japan. Commander Teijiro Murase was named her first commanding officer. 
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20 Nov 1919 WW2 Captain Tetsutaro Imaizumi was named the commanding officer of Settsu. 
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20 Nov 1920 WW2 Rear Admiral Kenkichi Wada was named the chief of staff of Vice Admiral Naoe Nakano (Ryojun Military Port, northeastern China). 
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20 Nov 1920 WW2 Captain Kazu Takemitsu was named the commanding officer of Settsu while the ship was undergoing overhaul at Kure, Japan. 
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20 Nov 1921 WW2 Captain Shigezo Oyamada was named the commanding officer of Settsu. 
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20 Nov 1923 WW2 S-40 was commissioned into service. 
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20 Nov 1923 WW2 Captain Takumi Matsumoto was named the commanding officer of Settsu. 
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20 Nov 1925 WW2 Queen Alexandra died at Sandringham House, Norfolk, England, United Kingdom. 
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20 Nov 1929 WW2 Rear Admiral Seizaburo Mitsui was named the Chief of Staff of the Mako naval port at Pescadores islands, Taiwan. 
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20 Nov 1936 WW2 Buenaventura Durruti, a leading figure in the Spanish Anarchist movement, died after sustaining battle wounds during the Spanish Civil War on the previous day. 
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20 Nov 1936 WW2 Jose Antonio Prima de Rivera (the leader of the Falange), who had been stranded in Republican Spain at the time of the rising, was executed in Alicante. 
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20 Nov 1936 WW2 A German decree ordered all households to save all kitchen scraps and peelings. A commissar for recycled material was appointed to encourage the public to "make-do and mend". 
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20 Nov 1937 WW2 Flying the DH.88 aircraft "The Burberry", between Croydon and Cape Town, Flight Officer A. E. Clouston and Mrs. Betty Kirby-Green established a new record for the UK-South Africa return flight in a time of 5 days, 17 hours and 28 minutes. 
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20 Nov 1937 WW2 The order for Chinese government ministries to evacuate the capital city of Nanjing to Hankou, originally ordered by Chiang Kaishek on 16 Nov 1937, was publicly announced at 1200 hours. 
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20 Nov 1938 WW2 Tone was commissioned into service. 
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20 Nov 1938 WW2 Queen Maud of Norway passed away from heart failure at the age of 68 following surgery in London, England, United Kingdom. 
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20 Nov 1939 WW2 German submarine U-33 sank three small British trawlers (Thomas Hankins at 1030 hours, Delphine at 1600 hours, and Sea Sweeper at 1700 hours) off Tory Island, Ireland. 
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20 Nov 1939 WW2 Chiang Kaishek was made the Premier of the Republic of China. 
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20 Nov 1939 WW2 The US Navy Chief of Naval Operations ordered the Commandant of the US Marine Corps Fourteenth Naval District to plan a Marine garrison at Midway. 
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20 Nov 1940 WW2 Hungarian Prime Minister Teleki and Foreign Minister Csaky signed a protocol in Vienna, Austria, joining the Tripartite Pact. 
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20 Nov 1940 WW2 British cruiser HMS York delivered anti-aircraft guns to Piraeus, Greece and returned to Alexandria, Egypt. 
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20 Nov 1940 WW2 British bombers sank Italian ship Ardita III in the Red Sea off Assab, Italian East Africa. 
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20 Nov 1940 WW2 Italian torpedo boat Confienza sank after colliding with Italian armed merchant cruiser Capitano A. Cecchi off Brindisi, Italy. 
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20 Nov 1940 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Pinguin stopped British ship Maimoa with gunfire in the southern Indian Ocean after a long chase. The crew of 87 were taken prisoner and the ship was scuttled. 
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20 Nov 1940 WW2 116 German bombers dropped 132 tons of high explosive bombs and 296 incendiary bombs on Birmingham, England, United Kingdom overnight. 
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20 Nov 1940 WW2 No. 261 Squadron RAF was transferred to RAF Station Takali. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 Kurt von Briesen passed away. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 German troops captured Rostov, Russia. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 The Norwegian government-in-exile officially endorsed the resistance movement Milorg. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 Japanese ambassador to the US Nomura presented Japan's final proposal to keep peace in Asia and the Pacific. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 HMAS Sydney sank some time after midnight from the damage sustained in the engagement with German raider Kormoran; all 645 aboard were lost. Kormoran, likewise heavily damaged, was abandoned at 1900 hours and was scuttled three hours later; 81 were killed and 318 survived. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 The daily bread rations in besieged Leningrad, Russia was reduced to 500 grams for military personnel, 250 grams for engineers and technical workers, 125 grams for other workers and children. The situation was hoped to be improving soon, however, as the first successful crossing of the frozen Lake Ladoga was made with horse-drawn sleighs, hoping to bring back food from Kobona. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 One of the ships of Allied convoy PQ-3 struck an iceberg and another developed mechanical problems; both were turned back toward Iceland. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 In Vilnius, Lithuania, 3 prisoners of war were executed as later reported by the Jager Report on 1 Dec 1941. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 The Japanese-controlled Ryojun Military Port (previously known as Port Arthur; now Lushunkou, Liaoning Province, China), Kwantung Leased Territory in northeastern China was upgraded to the status of a Guard District. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 Crown Prince Yi Un was assigned to Guangdong Province, China. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 The British 7th Armoured Brigade repulsed a counter attack launched by the German 90th Light Infantry Division and the Italian Bologna Division. In the afternoon, the British 4th Armoured Brigade engaged with heavier tanks of the German 15th Panzer Division, losing several American-built M3 tanks. After dark, British cruisers HMS Ajax and HMS Neptune and Australian cruiser HMAS Hobart bombarded Bardia, Libya. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 The two crematoria of Auschwitz Concentration Camp were inactivated for servicing; camp commandant ordered that corpses of prisoners were to be transported to Birkenau (not yet a camp) for burying in mass graves until the servicing was done on 3 Dec 1941. 
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20 Nov 1941 WW2 The Japanese naval base at Mako in Pescadores Islands, Taiwan was upgarded to full Guard District status. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 Adolf Hitler relinquished personal command of Armeegruppe A to General Ewald von Kleist. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 British troops entered the city of Benghazi, Libya, and found ports and facilities destroyed by Germans before their withdrawal. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 The Alaska-Canadian Highway was dedicated. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 British government scientist Dr. R. V. Jones warned Assistant Chief of Air Staff (Intelligence) of possible new German weapons, ie. rockets, that could threaten Britain. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 HMAS Warramunga (I44) was commissioned into service with Commander E. F. V. Dechaineux in command. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 Soviet destroyer Sokrushitelny was damaged and Soviet destroyer Baku capsized in very heavy weather while escorting Allied convoy QP-15. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing light cruiser Isuzu at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 USS Finback arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her second war patrol. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 Nachi departed Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan at 0840 hours. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 One day after the first Soviet offensive was launched at Stalingrad, Russia, a second one was launched south of the city against positions held by Romanian 4th Army Corps. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 Six He 111 bombers of German Luftwaffe group KG 55 flew an armed reconnaissance mission from their base at Morozovskaya, Russia over Stalingrad, Russia; two aircraft failed to return. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 Vice Admiral Takeo Takagi was named the commanding officer of the Mako Guard District at Pescadores islands, Taiwan, which was elevated from its previous position as a third tier naval port. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 The 3rd Battalion of the "San Marco" naval infantry regiment of Italian Navy began arriving in Tunisia from Corsica, France. 
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20 Nov 1942 WW2 German paratroop Engineer Battalion "Witzig" and Itlaian 1st Paratroop Battalion were deployed together at Djebel Abjod, Tunisia. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 US Marines invaded Makin and Tarawa atolls in the Gilbert Islands. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 On Samos Island, Greece, nearly 5,000 British prisoners were taken by the Germans. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 The Soviet Army began an advance on Kirovograd, Ukraine after breaking through German lines near Kremenchug. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 Hitler refused permission for the German Armeegruppe Nord to withdraw to the Panther-Wotan Line. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 Jews in northern Italy were ordered to be sent to concentration camps. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 Joseph Stilwell arrived at Cairo, Egypt and checked into the Mena House hotel. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 The headquarters of USAAF 49th Fighter Group was transferred out of Dobodura Airfield, Australian Papua. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 US Marine Corps Major General Ralph Mitchell was named Commander Air Solomons and was placed in charge of all US naval and Marine aviation units in the Solomon Islands region. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi completed the repair work for destroyer Fumizuki at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 USS Alabama provided naval gunfire support for the US landing at Betio, Tarawa Atoll, Gilbert Islands. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 USS Mingo arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her second war patrol. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 British Eighth Army crossed the Sangro River in Italy. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 Nachi departed Ominato Guard District, Mutsu, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 British Fascist Sir Oswald Mosley and Lady Diana Mosley were released from imprisonment. They would stay with Lady Diana's sister Pamela Mitford after their release, followed shortly after by a stay at the Shaven Crown Hotel in Shipton-under-Wychwood. He then purchased Crux Easton, near Newbury, England, United Kingdom, with Diana. He and his wife became the subject of much media attention, but the war had ended what remained of his political reputation. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 The FIDO (Fog Intensive Dispersal Operation) scheme was first instigated to effect the safe landing of RAF bombers. 
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20 Nov 1943 WW2 USS Parche was commissioned into service with Commander Lawson Ramage in command. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 For the last time, Hitler left the Wolfsschanze Headquarters for Berlin, Germany. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 Chen Cheng was named the head of the political bureau of the Nationalist military. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 William Menefee Wilcox was named the commanding officer of USS Pollack. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 Chinese troops captured Mangshih, Yunnan Province, China. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 Japanese submarines I-36 and I-47 each delivered four Kaiten submarines off Ulithi, Caroline Islands. Only one of the Kaiten submarines would find a target, setting the fleet oiler Mississinewa, full of aviation fuel, aflame. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 He Yingqin stepped down as Chiang Kaishek's chief of staff for military affairs. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 Jean de Lattre de Tassigny was awarded the Ordre de la Libération. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 USS Cod arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: The first engine overhauled in the new progressive engine overall plant, completed its test stand run. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 Garland set sail from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea for Britain. 
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20 Nov 1944 WW2 1,014 arrested Polish Home Army and other partisan fighters arrived at the NKVD-run Ostashkov Special Camp in Tver Oblast, Russia by a special train after an 8-day journey. 
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20 Nov 1945 WW2 Max Merten, already in captivity as a prisoner of war, was arrested for war crimes. 
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20 Nov 1945 WW2 Trial of the Major War Criminals of the Nuremberg Trials began. Soviet SMERSH officers Leonid Kozlovtsev, Krasilnikov, and Khelipsky arrived in Nürnberg, Germany, presumably to help oversee the Soviet prosecution team. 
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20 Nov 1945 WW2 Settsu was struck from the Japanese Navy list for the second time. 
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20 Nov 1961 RELIGIOUS The Russian Orthodox Church joined the World Council of Churches.
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19th November 21st November
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