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History on this day

History
Date Text
21 Nov 1638 RELIGIOUS A General Assembly at Glasgow abolished the episcopal form of church government, adopted the presbyterian form in its place, and gave final constitution to the Church of Scotland.
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21 Nov 1852 RELIGIOUS Union Institute was chartered by the Methodists in Randolph County, NC. Renamed Trinity College in 1859, the campus moved to Durham in 1892. Tobacco magnate James B. Duke endowed the school with $40 million in 1924, upon which its name was changed to Duke University.
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21 Nov 1907 RELIGIOUS Birth of Jim Bishop, American journalist. He gave new life to great historical moments through his "day" books, including his 1957 chronicle of "The Day Christ Died."
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21 Nov 1914 WW2 Three British RNAS Avro 504 aircraft led by Wing Commander E. F. Briggs bombed the Zeppelin sheds at Friedrichshafen, Germany. 
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21 Nov 1916 WW2 Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria died. He was succeeded by Charles, son of the Archduke Otto. One of Charles's first actions on becoming Emperor was to issue a declaration that he wished to end Austria's participation in the war. 
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21 Nov 1917 WW2 Lenin ordered General Dukhonin to begin armistice negotiations with representatives of the Central Powers. Dukhonin refused to obey and was dismissed. 
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21 Nov 1917 WW2 Chung Il-kwon was born in Primorsky Krai, Russia. 
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21 Nov 1920 WW2 Umrao Singh was born. 
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21 Nov 1929 WW2 Sun Du was named the chairman of Yunnan Province, China. 
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21 Nov 1930 WW2 Douglas MacArthur became the Chief of Staff of the US Army at the rank of general. 
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21 Nov 1932 WW2 Adolf Hitler again attempted to argue for his appointment as German Chancellor with the power to dissolve the Reichstag; President Paul von Hindenburg again refused to grant him such powers. 
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21 Nov 1935 WW2 Captain Michiaki Kamata was named the commanding officer of Tenryu. 
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21 Nov 1935 WW2 Russian test pilot V. Kokkinaki flying a specially modified TsKB-3 raised the world altitude record to 47,818 feet. 
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21 Nov 1937 WW2 Gao Zhihang, flying an I-16 fighter newly delivered by the Soviet Union to the Chinese Air Force, was shot down over Henan Province, China. 
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21 Nov 1937 WW2 Kaga departed Sasebo, Japan. 
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21 Nov 1939 WW2 Lufthansa's Do 18F flying boat, upgraded with BMW 132N radial engines and redesignated Do 18L, took its first flight after the upgrade work. After two days of testing, it was found that the BMW engine suffered overheating problems. 
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21 Nov 1939 WW2 Heinrich Himmler announced that the United Kingdom was responsible for the 8 Nov 1939 attempt on Adolf Hitler's life. Two British agents were kidnapped in the Netherlands several days prior, who were blamed for plotting the attack. The attack, however, was actually planned by the Germans as means to raise Hitler's standing within Germany. 
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21 Nov 1939 WW2 The United Kingdom declared an embargo on Germany, seizing all goods in the UK en route to Germany. 
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21 Nov 1940 WW2 Greek troops defeated the Italian IX Army and captured Koritza, Albania. The Greeks took 2,000 prisoners and captured 135 field guns and 600 machine guns. The surviving elements of the Italian IX Army was able to escape without being harassed as the Greeks were poorly motorized and could not give chase. 
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21 Nov 1940 WW2 German warships Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, Köln, and Leipzig departed for a sweep against Allied shipping between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. 
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21 Nov 1940 WW2 The German 6th Army exercised a simulated invasion of Ireland. 
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21 Nov 1940 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Pinguin attacked British freighter Port Brisbane in the southern Indian Ocean after sundown, killing the radio operator in the process; 67 were taken prisoner and 27 escaped in a lifeboat. Port Brisbane was sunk by torpedo after scuttling charges failed to sink her. 
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21 Nov 1940 WW2 German submarine U-103 fired torpedoes from a surfaced position at Allied convoy OB-244 200 miles northwest of Ireland at 0740 hours, sinking British ship Daydawn (2 killed, 36 survived) and Greek ship Victoria (entire crew of 27 survived). A ship in the convoy attempted to ram U-103, but U-103 dodged the ramming attack; U-103 fired a torpedo at her attacker, but that torpedo, though striking the target, failed to detonate. 
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21 Nov 1940 WW2 A German aircraft bombed the British Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom, damaging the diplomatic section, the telephone exchange, and the typists room. There were no casualties. The attack was almost certainly accidental, as the Germans did not know of the importance of this site. 
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21 Nov 1940 WW2 The British No. 2 Commando Battalion was redesignated 11th Special Air Service Battalion for training as paratroopers. 
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21 Nov 1941 WW2 American destroyer Shaw and oiler Sabine were damaged in a collision in Hawaiian waters. 
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21 Nov 1941 WW2 The construction of the future Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point began in North Carolina, United States. 
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21 Nov 1941 WW2 Heinz Guderian wrote Franz Halder from Russia, noting the miserable cold and fierce Soviet resistance. 
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21 Nov 1941 WW2 The horse-drawn sleigh team returned to Leningrad, Russia from Kobona, bringing back flour, sugar, and fat across the frozen Lake Ladoga for the first time since the city was surrounded. 
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21 Nov 1941 WW2 British submarine HMS Utmost attacked and damaged Italian cruiser Trieste 10 miles east of Catania, Sicily, Italy at 2312 hours. 
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21 Nov 1941 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille was officially awarded the German cross in Gold, but he would not physically receive this medal until 17 Dec 1941. 
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21 Nov 1941 WW2 Joseph Rochefort's US Navy cryptanalytic team in Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii detected the arrival of a Japanese submarine squadron in the Marshall Islands. 
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21 Nov 1941 WW2 Japanese Navy acquired luxury ocean liner Hikawa Maru for use as a hospital ship; Hikawa Maru was assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District, Japan. 
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21 Nov 1941 WW2 The Allied garrison at Tobruk, Libya attempted a breakout to link up with the main attack force coming from Egypt, which engaged with German 15th Panzer Division in a large-scale tank battle that would last for the next three days near Sidi Rezegh. Pressed for fuel, Erwin Rommel dispatched Italian cruiser Cardona from Brindisi, unescorted, to bring fuel to Benghazi. 
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21 Nov 1942 WW2 Colonel General Eberhard von Mackensen replaced Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist as the commander of the German 1.Panzerarmee. 
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21 Nov 1942 WW2 Philip was commissioned into service. 
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21 Nov 1942 WW2 Lieutenant General Hitoshi Imamura met with the staff of the Combined Fleet at Truk, Caroline Islands and decided to give up Buna, Australian Papua. 
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21 Nov 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Yokosuka, Japan. 
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21 Nov 1942 WW2 German Paratroop Engineer Battalion "Witzig" and Italian 1st Paratroop Battalion attacked British troops near Djebel Abjod, Tunisia; initially successful, they suffered heavy casualties when the British counterattacked later in the day. 
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21 Nov 1943 WW2 Feldmarschall Kesselring was appointed commander of all German forces in Italy. 
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21 Nov 1943 WW2 Feldmarschall Rommel was placed in command of Atlantikwall defenses in France. 
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21 Nov 1943 WW2 Journalist Drew Pearson publicized George Patton's "slapping incident" of 3 Aug 1943, stirring controversy. 
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21 Nov 1943 WW2 Winston Churchill met with Chiang Kaishek for the first time in Cairo, Egypt. In the evening, he dined with Alan Brooke, Charles Portal, John Dill, Sholto Douglas, and Louis Mountbatten. 
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21 Nov 1943 WW2 The French Committee of National Liberty decided to release the President of Lebanon and the other arrested ministers. 
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21 Nov 1943 WW2 Naka departed Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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21 Nov 1943 RELIGIOUS German theologian and Nazi martyr Dietrich Bonhoeffer wrote in a letter: 'A prison cell, in which one waits, hopes...and is completely dependent on the fact that the door of freedom has to be opened from the outside, is not a bad picture of Advent.'
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21 Nov 1944 WW2 USS Franklin arrived at Pearl Harbor. 
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21 Nov 1944 WW2 Albanian partisan units liberated the capital city of Tirana, Albania. 
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21 Nov 1944 WW2 USS Whale began her tenth war patrol. 
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21 Nov 1944 WW2 The French 1st Corps captured the city of Belfort in the Vosges region, but the Germans clung so tenaciously to defences beyond the city that it would not be until 25 November 1944 that the French advance could be resumed. 
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21 Nov 1944 WW2 The Hinzert Concentration Camp administratively became a satellite camp of Buchenwald Concentration Camp. 
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21 Nov 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Kure, Japan and arrived at Matsuyama, Japan later on the same day. 
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21 Nov 1944 WW2 USS Boarfish transited the Panama Canal. 
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21 Nov 1944 WW2 USS Puffer completed her scheduled overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, California, United States. 
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21 Nov 1944 WW2 Bulgarian troops captured Pristina, Yugoslavia. 
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21 Nov 1945 WW2 All accused at the Trial of the Major War Criminals of the Nuremberg Trials pleaded not guilty. 
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21 Nov 1945 WW2 The Auto Workers Union closed 100 General Motors factories in the United States. 
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21 Nov 1945 WW2 Otto Skorzeny was transferred to the witness wing at Nuremberg, Germany. 
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21 Nov 1945 WW2 Lieutenant General Alexander Patch died of pneumonia at Brooke General Hospital, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, United States where he had been hospitalized with lung problems. 
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21 Nov 1948 RELIGIOUS The Sunday morning religious program "Lamp Unto My Feet" first aired over CBS television. It became one of TV's longest_running network shows, and aired through January 1979.
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21 Nov 1949 WW2 The United Nations passed the resolution for Libya's full independence. 
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