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History on the 27th of November

History
Date Text
27 Nov 1095 RELIGIOUS In France, Pope Urban II solemnly proclaimed the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. Urban's twin_purpose was to relieve the pressure by the Seljuk Turks on the Eastern Roman Empire, and to secure free access to Jerusalem for Christian pilgrims.
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27 Nov 1755 RELIGIOUS Land for the first Jewish settlement in America was purchased by Joseph Salvador, who bought 10,000 acres near Fort Ninety_Six, in the southern part of the Carolina Colony.
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27 Nov 1862 RELIGIOUS Birth of Adelaide Pollard, Presbyterian hymnwriter. Plagued with frail health most of her life, she lived the life of a mystic. Of the several hymns she penned, "Have Thine Own Way, Lord" is still popular today.
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27 Nov 1912 WW2 Prince Kotohito was promoted to the rank of general and was made a member of the Japanese Supreme War Council; he stepped down as the head of Imperial Guard Division. 
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27 Nov 1913 WW2 The dreadnought Admirante Latorre was launched at Armstrong's Elswick yard in England, United Kingdom. Intended for the Chilean Navy, when war broke out in Aug 1914 the as yet unfinished ship was requisitioned by the Royal Navy and commissioned as HMS Canada. Canada was reckoned among the most effective units of the Grand Fleet, with which she served without damage, at the Battle of Jutland. Refitted in Apr 1920, she was at last returned to Chile. In 1929-31 she was extensively modernised at Davenport, England, United Kingdom; receiving oil-burning machinery, anti-torpedo bulges and an anti-aircraft armament. Following the Japanese attack on the US Base at Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii in Dec 1941, the USA offered to purchase the veteran battleship from Chile but this was refused, and she remained the Chilean Navy's flagship until Oct 1958. 
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27 Nov 1914 WW2 Nobutake Kondo graduated from the Japanese Navy gunnery school. 
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27 Nov 1916 WW2 Erwin Rommel married Lucia Maria Mollin in Danzig. 
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27 Nov 1918 WW2 Lord Gort was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry exhibited at the Battle of Canal du Nord in France on 27 Sep 1918. 
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27 Nov 1926 WW2 Destroyer No. 34 was laid down at the Fujinagata Shipyards, Tokyo, Japan. 
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27 Nov 1931 WW2 Henry Arnold was made the commanding officer of March Field, California, United States. 
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27 Nov 1934 WW2 Jiang Dingwen was named the director of the anti-corruption office of Fujian Province, China. 
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27 Nov 1937 WW2 During a press conference, Tang Shengzhi, the Commander-in-Chief of all forces in Nanjing, China, advised foreign residents in Nanjing to depart but stressed that his troops would defend the city against the impending Japanese attack. 
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27 Nov 1937 WW2 Dong Zhao was named the commander of anti-air defenses of the city of Xi'an, China. 
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27 Nov 1939 WW2 Sealion (Sargo-class) was commissioned into service. 
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27 Nov 1939 WW2 Finland sent Soviet Union a message noting that the Finnish Army had not fired any shots into Soviet territory. In response to the Soviet request on the previous day for Finnish troops to fall back 20 to 25 kilometers from the border, Finland suggested Soviet troops to do the same. 
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27 Nov 1939 WW2 German submarine U-48 damaged Swedish tanker Gustaf E. Reuter near Fair Isle northwest of Scotland, United Kingdom; 1 was killed, 32 survived. An attempt to tow Gustaf E. Reuter to port failed overnight, causing her to finally sink. 
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27 Nov 1939 WW2 Douglas Bader made his first solo flight since his 1931 air accident that cost him both of his legs. 
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27 Nov 1940 WW2 In Romania, the ruling party Iron Guard arrests and executes over 60 of exiled King Carol II of Romania's aides, including former minister Nicolae Iorga. 
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27 Nov 1940 WW2 German armed merchant cruisers Orion and Komet stopped the 16,712-ton passenger ship Rangitane 400 miles east of New Zealand at 0300 hours. Of the 201 crew and 111 passengers, 16 were killed during the attack and the remainder were captured. Due to the distress signal sent out by Rangitane's crew, the Germans only had time to transfer the captives aboard but not the 14,000 tons of food and 45 bars of silver before Komet sank Rangitane with a torpedo. Rangitane was the largest passenger ship to be sunk by German merchant raiders during WW2. 
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27 Nov 1940 WW2 German submarine U-95 sank British ship Irene Maria northwest of Ireland at 0100 hours, killing the entire crew of 25. 
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27 Nov 1940 WW2 German submarine U-104 damaged British tanker Charles F. Meyer and sank British ship Diplomat (14 were killed, 39 survived). 
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27 Nov 1940 WW2 German submarine U-103 sank British ship Glenmoor northwest of Ireland at 1956 hours; 31 were killed, 2 survived. 
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27 Nov 1940 WW2 Chinese 27th, 31st, and 44th Divisions counterattacked against the Japanese offensive in Hubei Province, China. 
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27 Nov 1940 WW2 Battle of Spartivento: At 1000 hours, spotter aircraft from British Force H (Operation Collar; escorting Allied convoy ME4) and the Italian interception fleet found each other, and a surface battle soon broke out. The British were initially outgunned (especially as the carrier aircraft were held back), but at 1130 hours the arrival of battleship HMS Ramillies and cruisers HMS Berwick and HMS Newcastle evened up the two sides. Italian Admiral Campioni, with orders to avoid combat unless his forces were superior, began to withdraw at about 1230 hours; battleship Vittorio Veneto's heavy fire stopped the British pursuit. British cruiser HMS Berwick was hit by cruiser Fiume twice at 1222 and 1235 hours (7 killed), while Italian destroyer Lanciere had to be towed back to port after being hit by cruiser HMS Manchester. 
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27 Nov 1940 WW2 Kichisaburo Nomura was named the Japanese Ambassador to the United States. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 In Russia, German SS Reich Division captured Istra west of Moscow while 7th Panzer Division advanced to the Moskva-Volga canal at Yakhroma east of Moscow. The forward-most German troops were reported within 19 miles of the Soviet capital, and noted the sighting of the Kremlin. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 US Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Harold Stark warned commanders of Pacific and Asiatic Fleets that attacks on Malaya, Philippine Islands, and Dutch East Indies were now a possibility. US Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall sent a similar message to commanders of US Army Hawaii and Philippine Departments. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 As the German 21st Panzer Division withdrew to the west for resupplying, the 15th Panzer Division captured Sidi Azeiz, Libya, taking 700 prisoners. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki arrived at Haha Jima, Japan. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 New Zealand 2nd Division supported by 90 tanks penetrated the German encirclement of Tobruk, Libya and broke into the besieged city. Tanks of German 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions moved in to counterattack, but Australian and British troops halted it during the day; German tanks would attempt to close in on the city after sundown. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 German submarine U-559 sank Australian sloop HMAS Parramatta and ammunition ship Hanne 40 miles northeast of Tobruk, Libya at 0046 hours, killing a total of 168. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo rejected the American counter-proposal for peace. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 Russian partisan fighter Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was captured by the Germans. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 Allied convoy QP-3 departed Arkhangelsk, Russia and convoy PQ-5 departed Hvalfjörður, Iceland. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 The Italian garrison at Gondar, Abyssinia surrendered as the British 12th (African) Division captured two mountain passes overlooking the town. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 US Navy-chartered passenger liner President Madison departed from Shanghai, China for the Philippine Islands with the 2nd Battalion of the US 4th Marine Regiment. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 Husband Kimmel met with Joseph Rochefort at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii in the late afternoon to discuss possible moves Japan might take should Japan and United States continued to head toward a military conflict. Rochefort believed that the main Japanese thrust would be toward the South Pacific, and the Hawaiian Islands did not seem to be in direct danger for now. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 In Libya, German pilot Otto Schulz took off, shot down a British Bristol twin-engine aircraft, and landed safely near Gazala, Libya all within three minutes. Several British SAS personnel were killed aboard the Bristol aircraft. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 American radio intelligence analysts stationed in the Philippine Islands reported their suspicion that, contrary to the findings of their counterparts in the Hawaiian Islands, the Japanese warships detected to have been recently moved into the Marshall Islands were likely to take actions eastward rather than southward. Also, they concluded that main Japanese carrier force was still at Sasebo, Japan rather than in the Marshall Islands. 
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27 Nov 1941 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt traveled to Warm Springs, Georgia, United States for a belated Thanksgiving holiday break. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 Axis forces stiffened resistance on the approaches to Tunis, Tunisia. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 German forces in Tunisia counterattacked, capturing 286 men from the British 11th Brigade. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 Arthur Coningham was made Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 Germans occupied naval base at Toulon; French Navy scuttled warships to avoid German capture. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 André Marquis was captured by the Germans. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 Dupleix received extensive damage as her own crew set off demolition charges to prevent German capture as the Germans entered Toulon, France. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 Jean de Vienne was scuttled at Toulon, France. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 Marseillaise was scuttled by her own crew at Toulon, France. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 Foch was scuttled at Toulon, France. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 Colbert was scuttled at Toulon, France to prevent German capture. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 Algérie was scuttled at Toulon, France. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 Commanded by General Erich von Manstein, the German Armeegruppe Don was formed in southern Russia in order to relieve the trapped German 6th Army at Stalingrad, Russia. 
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27 Nov 1942 WW2 USS S-31 arrived at San Diego, California, United States to provide submarine training services at the West Coast Sound School. 
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27 Nov 1943 WW2 The first British Seafire F III carrier fighters reached the 894 Naval Air Squadron. 
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27 Nov 1943 WW2 US Navy fighter Ace "Butch" O'Hare disappeared during a night fighter combat test involving a radar equipped TBF Avenger aircraft leading three Hellcat fighters into an interception position. It was suspected that he might have been shot down by a TBF gunner. 
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27 Nov 1943 WW2 USS Wake Island departed Astoria, Oregon, United States. 
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27 Nov 1943 WW2 Chiang Kaishek asked Joseph Stilwell to secure 10,000 tons of supplies to be flown over the Hump into China per month, while China would not make commitment on any American demands. 
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27 Nov 1943 WW2 US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214 was transferred to Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. They would soon be moved to Vella Lavella. 
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27 Nov 1943 WW2 Noor Inayat Khan was transferred to Karlsruhe, Germany. 
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27 Nov 1943 WW2 British Eighth Army launched an offensive across the Sangro River, Italy. 
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27 Nov 1943 WW2 Carrier Glory was launched at Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, sponsored by Lady Cynthia Brookes, wife of Prime Minister Basil Brookes of Northern Ireland. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 USS Franklin arrived at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Washington, United States for repairs. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 A mistake by an armourer at an underground bomb dump at Hanbury, near Burton-on-Trent, England, United Kingdom triggered a massive explosion as 4,000 tons of bombs went off at once. The blast instantly gouged a 12 acre hole in the ground and the tremors were picked up by seismolograph in Geneva, Switzerland and Casablanca, French Morocco. Forty people were killed in the blast, by falling debris or by suffocation trapped underground. The blast caused a nearby reservoir to collapse and six million gallons of rubble-filled water poured down into the bomb dump, killing 27 men working in the offices on the surface. The blast represented only 10 percent of the explosives in the dump. If the lot had gone off, it would have cause a bigger explosion than the atomic bombs dropped on Japan. Today there is still a crater a quarter-mile wide and 100 feet deep at the site which is sealed off because of the unexploded bombs still lying beneath the surface. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 The German prison ship, Rigel, carrying 2,248 Soviet prisoners of war, was sunk in error by British carrier-borne aircraft off the coast of Norway. Only 415 survived. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 The US submarine chaser SC-744 was sunk by a Japanese special attack aircraft in Leyte Gulf, Philippine Islands. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 Intelligence officer Captain Fritz Ringwald of USAAF 415th Night Fighter Squadron reported that the Beaufighter flown by Don Meiers and Ed Schleuter was chased by unidentified "foo fighters", which was a term coined by Meiers. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 Richard O'Connor stepped down as the commanding officer of VIII Corps and was made the commanding officer of Eastern Command in India. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 Soviet forces pierced the German-Hungarian defense and captured Mohács, Hungary. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 Unryu departed Kure, Japan. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 USS Preston guarded carriers while the carriers launched strikes against Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt departed Washington DC, United States for Warm Springs, Georgia, United States by train. 
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27 Nov 1944 WW2 USS Shamrock Bay arrived at San Diego, California, United States. 
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27 Nov 1945 WW2 The United States dispatched George Marshall to China in an attempt to halt the civil war between Nationalist and Communist forces. 
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27 Nov 1945 WW2 French fighter Ace, Marcel Albert, received the Hero of the Soviet Union decoration. 
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27 Nov 1945 WW2 Severin Dobrovolsky, a former White Russian military officer who later became loyal to the Soviet Union and acted as a Soviet spy in Finland, was sentenced to death by the Soviet Union for counter-revolutionary activities. 
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27 Nov 1950 RELIGIOUS American missionary martyr Jim Elliot wrote in his journal: 'What gets me into the Kingdom, from Christ's own statement, is not saying "Lord, Lord," but acting "Lord, Lord."'
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27 Nov 1953 RELIGIOUS English Christian apologist C.S. Lewis wrote in a letter: 'Anxiety is not only a pain which we must ask God to assuage but also a weakness we must ask Him to pardon __ for He's told us to take no care for the morrow.'
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