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History on the 7th of December

History
Date Text
07 Dec 1915 WW1 Begin of Siege of Kut-al-Amara
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07 Dec 1917 WW2 The British War Cabinet met to discuss growing reports of prevailing chaos in Siberia, Russia. Agreement was reached that the most effective way of restoring order would be if the Japanese were to intervene. The Japanese however proved to be reluctant to commit themselves without American backing although they were prepared to protect Japanese interests in Vladivostok. 
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07 Dec 1920 WW2 The Luftwaffe fighter ace Walter Nowotny was born in Gmünd, Austria. The youngest of three sons of an Austrian railway official, during the war he would be credited with no less than 258 aerial victories and commanded the world's first jet fighter wing. 
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07 Dec 1920 WW2 Nobutake Kondo arrived at Germany. 
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07 Dec 1926 WW2 Hironobu was made a marquis. 
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07 Dec 1932 WW2 Adolf Hitler and Gregor Strasser again argued over whether Nazi Party should work with the new German Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher. Reaching no agreement, Hitler would soon purge Strasser and his supporters from the party to consolidate Hitler's position. 
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07 Dec 1937 WW2 USS S-31 was decommissioned from service and placed in reserve at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. 
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07 Dec 1937 WW2 Chiang Kaishek departed Nanjing, China by plane. The civilian administration of the city was left to an International Committee led by John Rabe. Outside the city, several villages were set ablaze by Chinese troops to prevent them from being used by the approaching Japanese troops. 
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07 Dec 1937 WW2 Iwane Matsui suffered a bout of tuberculosis while in China. Nevertheless, he ordered the siege of Nanjing, China. 
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07 Dec 1939 WW2 England and France pledged support to Finland, but an inability to follow through left the promises rather empty. 
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07 Dec 1939 WW2 Soviet 9th Army attacked in central Karelia, Finland. 
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07 Dec 1939 WW2 Italy publicly reaffirmed neutrality in the war. 
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07 Dec 1940 WW2 Admiral Hipper departed Kiel, Germany for an anti-shipping sortie in the Atlantic. 
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07 Dec 1940 WW2 Battleship Bismarck entered the Kiel Canal. 
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07 Dec 1940 WW2 Orion and Komet sank the ship Vinni off Nauru; shortly after, Komet sank the ship Komata. 
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07 Dec 1940 WW2 The Fairey Barracuda dive bomber took its first flight. 
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07 Dec 1940 WW2 The 100th Beaufighter aircraft rolled off the production line at Filton, South Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 At about midnight at the very beginning of the day, Tatsuta Maru was ordered to reverse course. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Fusata Iida passed away. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Naoji Iwasa passed away. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Erwin Rommel ordered his forces to pull back by about 10 miles toward the Gazala Line, abandoning the Tobruk objective. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 American steam-powered schooner Cynthia Olson, under charter of the US Army, was shelled and sunk by Japanese submarine I-26 with no survivors; two US Army personnel were on board. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese troops invaded Khota Baru, Malaya, two hours before the attack on Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. A series of landings in nearby Thailand initially met stiff resistance, but the Thai government negotiated for an armistice within hours. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese aircraft bombarded Singapore, Guam, and Wake, while two Japanese destroyers shelled Midway Atoll, causing 14 casualties and damaging much equipment. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Hitler published his notorious Nacht und Nebel (Night and Fog) decree which allows the Gestapo to dispose of their prisoners without trace. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 After suffering a heart attack, Feldmarschall von Brauchitsch tendered his resignation. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 The office of the US Navy Chief of Naval Operations ordered unrestricted air and submarine warfare against Japan. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 USS Arizona received two bomb hits during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. The second bomb hit led to the detonation of her forward ammunition magazine, which led to her sinking. 1,177 were killed, including Battleship Division 1 commanding officer Rear Admiral Isaac Kidd and her commanding officer Captain Franklin Van Valkenburgh. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Isaac Kidd became the first US Navy flag officer to be killed in action during WW2. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Mitsuo Fuchida led the Pearl Harbor attack, remaining over the target area throughout both waves of attacks to observe the degree of damage done to the American fleet. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 The commanding officer of the US Marine Corps 7th Defense Battalion at American Samoa ordered his troops to man their positions as he was informed of the attacks on American positions across the Pacific Ocean. He also called the Samoan Marine Reserve Battalion to active duty. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Soviet forces captured Tikhvin, Russia east of Leningrad. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Soviet 30th Army attacked German 3rd Panzer Army at Klin while Soviet 50th Army attacked German 2nd Panzer Division near Moscow, Russia. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 British destroyers HMS Harvester and HMS Hesperus sank German submarine U-208 115 miles west of Gibraltar, killing the entire crew of 45. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Canadian corvette HMCS Windflower, escorting Allied convoy SC-58 off Newfoundland, collided with Dutch freighter Zypenberg in poor visibility due to fog and sank; 23 were killed. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Light carrier Hosho departed the Inland Sea, Japan with a large fleet. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 It was announced that from midnight the British Empire would be at war with Finland, Hungary and Romania. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 One day prior to the opening of the Pacific War (owing to the International Date Line), the first three Australian Hudson medium bombers arrived at Rabaul, Bismarck Islands; they were under the command of Flight Lieutenant John Murphy. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 River gunboat USS Wake was captured by the Japanese in Shanghai, China. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese armored cruiser Izumo sank British river gunboat HMS Peterel in Shanghai, China. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Two strike waves were launched against Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Akagi's torpedo planes were instrumental in sinking the battleships USS Oklahoma and West Virginia. Vice Admiral Nagumo ordered a withdrawal following recovery of the second attack wave. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Operation Z: 360 Japanese carrier aircraft (104 bombers, 135 dive bombers, 40 torpedo bombers, and 81 fighters) attacked Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, sinking or damaging 8 battleships, 3 cruisers, 3 destroyers, 1 anti-aircraft training ship, 1 minelayer; destroying 188 aircraft; and killing 2,459 (57 of which were civilian) and wounding 1,282 (35 of which were civilian). The Japanese lost only 29 aircraft and 5 midget submarines; 55 were killed and 10 were wounded. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 USS Helena suffered a torpedo hit during the Pearl Harbor raid at Honolulu, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down a British Hurricane fighter, his 29th kill, at 0930 hours near Sidi Omar, Libya. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Shokaku participated in the two strike waves against Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Chuichi Nagumo ordered a withdrawal following recovery of the second attack wave. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Naka departed Mako, Pescadores islands to escort the Philippine Islands invasion force. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Winston Churchill had lunch with Duchess of Marlborough Alexandra Mary Cadogan and her son Marquess of Blandford John Spencer-Churchill. He had dinner with US Ambassador John Gilbert Winant and W. Averell Harriman; after dinner, they learned of the Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor in the US Territory of Hawaii. He would later write that he "slept the sleep of the saved and thankful", relieved that the United States was finally in the war, and Britain was no longer alone. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 British RAF airmen returning from Murmansk and Arkhangelsk areas of northern Russia began to arrive in Britain by ships. 
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07 Dec 1941 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt met with Chinese ambassador Hu Shih at the White House in Washington DC, United States, had lunch with Harry Hopkins, and at 1347 hours he was interrupted by a telephone call from Frank Knox, informing him of the Pearl Harbor attack. At 2030 hours, Roosevelt gave a briefing to a small group of Congressmen. 
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07 Dec 1942 WW2 Operation Frankton had Royal Navy submarines drop off commandos to raid German shipping up the River Gironde in Bordeaux Harbor, France. 
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07 Dec 1942 WW2 American forces at Guadalcanal marked the first anniversary of Pearl Harbor by shelling Japanese positions from dawn to dusk in what they term a "Hate Shoot". 
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07 Dec 1942 WW2 The British liner-turned-troopship, SS Ceramic, on her way to Australia with 378 mainly military and nursing passengers, a crew of 278, and 12 children, was torpedoed by U-515 off the Azores. Survivors took to the lifeboats but in heavy seas and a gale force wind, these soon capsize. The U-boat captain, Werner Henke, fished one man from the water for interrogation purposes and left the rest, 655 men, women, and children, to die. U-515 was eventually sunk by American warships in Apr 1944 and the crew captured. Two months later Henke, who had been responsible for sinking 26 Allied ships was shot dead in an attempt to scale the fence of his POW camp in Virginia in the United States. Refusing an order to stop demanded by alerted guards, Henke appeared to deliberately commit suicide rather than face being tried as a war criminal over the Ceramic incident. The one passenger rescued, Royal Engineer Eric Monday, survived the war. 
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07 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Gunnel ended her first war patrol and departed North African waters. 
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07 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Grayback departed Fremantle, Australia for her fifth war patrol. 
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07 Dec 1942 WW2 US B-24 bombers attacked Rabaul, New Britain, causing no damage due to poor weather. 
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07 Dec 1942 WW2 In Operation BG 5, Italian auxiliary ship Olterra launched three manned torpedoes against Gibraltar; they failed to cause any damage. 
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07 Dec 1942 WW2 Workers at Dock No. 4 at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard, US Territory of Hawaii began placing sand on top of the rock foundation. 
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07 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Wahoo departed waters off Buka, Solomon Islands for Caroline Islands. 
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07 Dec 1943 WW2 The planned escort carrier Woodcliff Bay was renamed Makin Island. 
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07 Dec 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze departed Truk, Caroline Islands to escort carrier Chitose and transport Irako to Yokosuka, Japan. 
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07 Dec 1943 WW2 William Donovan met with Chiang Kaishek at Chiang's home in Chongqing, China. Chiang, who had been told by Dai Li that Donovan wanted to send OSS intelligence agents into China even without Chinese authorization, told Donovan he would not tolerate such challenge to Chinese sovereignty. 
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07 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Whale completed a scheduled overhaul at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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07 Dec 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: More of ACORN-22 and GROPAC-2 arrived on board. 
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07 Dec 1943 WW2 After sundown, 21st Infantry Brigade of Indian 8th Infantry Division formed a defensive line near Canadian 1st Infantry Division to allow the Canadians to launch a new offensive in the Moro River region in Italy on the following day. New Zealand troops attacked Orsogna in failure. 
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07 Dec 1943 WW2 Italy set up a parachute school at Tradate, Lombardia, Italy. 
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07 Dec 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki was refitted at the Ishikawa Shipyard and the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal, Japan. 
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07 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Snook arrived at Midway Atoll, ending her fourth war patrol. 
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07 Dec 1944 WW2 US 83rd Infantry Division became part of US VII Corps. 
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07 Dec 1944 WW2 Dwight Eisenhower, Bernard Montgomery, Omar Bradley, Arthur Tedder, and other Allied military leaders convened to discuss strategy. Eisenhower transferred US 9th Army to Montgomery's army group, but rejected Montgomery's notion that the southern army groups should be halted in order to make Montgomery's army group the sole attacking force. 
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07 Dec 1944 WW2 Unryu was assigned to emergency reinforcement duty for Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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07 Dec 1944 WW2 An earthquake lasting five minutes struck Nagoya region, Japan, killing 1,000 people and causing damage to many factories. 
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07 Dec 1944 WW2 Allied convoy JW-62 arrived at the Kola Inlet near Murmansk, Russia. 
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07 Dec 1944 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit Canley Road in Hackney, London, England, United Kingdom. 
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07 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Brill departed New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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07 Dec 1945 WW2 Japanese General Yamashita was found guilty of war crimes. 
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07 Dec 1946 WW2 The Torrance Municipal Airport in Torrance, California, United States was renamed Zamperini Field in honor of Louis Zamperini. 
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