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History on the 9th of December

History
Date Text
09 Dec 1910 WW2 Stephen Jurika was born. 
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09 Dec 1911 WW2 Ryuzo Sejima was born. 
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09 Dec 1924 WW2 Joseph Rochefort was assigned to battleship USS Arizona based at San Pedro, California, United States as the ship's assistant engineering officer. 
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09 Dec 1931 WW2 Iwane Matsui was named a member of the Japanese delegation to the Geneva Disarmament Conference. 
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09 Dec 1933 WW2 The keel of Shigure was laid down by the Uraga Dock Company in Uraga, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. 
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09 Dec 1935 WW2 Chiang Kaishek was made the Premier of the Republic of China. 
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09 Dec 1936 WW2 The keel of Helena was laid down at New York Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York, United States. 
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09 Dec 1937 WW2 In the morning, Japanese troops reached the outskirts of Nanjing, China. At 1200 hours, Japanese aircraft dropped leaflets into the walled city, urging surrender within 24 hours, with the offered terms expiring at 1200 hours on the following day. Chinese commanding officer Tang Shengzhi publicly rejected the demand, but in private he, urged on by the international community in Nanjing, considered negotiating for a ceasefire; such negotiation would be pending Chiang Kaishek's approval. 
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09 Dec 1937 WW2 Kanichi Kashimura engaged in aerial combat over Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. Despite having a third of his port wing shot off by a Chinese fighter, he was able to nurse his aircraft 600 kilometers to the north to safely land at his base near Nanjing, China. 
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09 Dec 1937 WW2 Koo Hsien-Jung passed away in Tokyo, Japan. 
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09 Dec 1939 WW2 German merchant freighter Kurmark, acquired by the German Navy in the fall of 1939, was commissioned into service as auxiliary cruiser Orion. 
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09 Dec 1939 WW2 27-year-old Corporal Thomas Priday, while leading a patrol near Metz, France, became the first British soldier to be killed in the European War. He was killed by friendly fire. 
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09 Dec 1939 WW2 German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee sailed toward the River Plate estuary on the border of Uruguay and Argentina to attack a reported convoy departing from Montevideo, Uruguay. Meanwhile, Royal Navy Force G (light cruisers HMS Ajax and HMS Achilles, soon to be joined by heavy cruiser HMS Exeter) was already en route toward the area in search of Admiral Graf Spee. 
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09 Dec 1940 WW2 Beginning at 0500 hours, Allied artillery and aircraft bombarded the Italian camp at Nibeiwa, Egypt for two hours. At 0715 hours, ground troops began moving toward the rear of the fort for attack; they were spotted by Italian aircraft, but it was too late for the Italians to reorganize the defenses. Troops of the Indian 4th Infantry Division, supported by tanks of the British 7th Royal Tank Regiment, captured the camp at 0830 hours. Italian positions at Tummar West and Tummar East were also captured by dusk. Along the coast, tanks of the British 4th Armoured Brigade cut off the main road to prevent an Italian withdrawal. Meanwhile, British monitor HMS Terror and gunboats HMS Ladybird and HMS Aphis bombarded Italian positions at Sidi Barrani and Maktila. 
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09 Dec 1940 WW2 German submarine U-103 sank British ship Empire Jaguar 250 miles west of Ireland at 0132 hours, killing the entire crew of 37. 
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09 Dec 1940 WW2 The Special Landing Operation No. 2 exercise, conducted by US Navy and US Marine Corps in the Caribbean Sea, was completed. 
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09 Dec 1940 WW2 The French Groupe Occasionnel squadron was formed in French Indochina, consisted of a light cruiser and four avisos. 
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09 Dec 1940 WW2 Battleship Bismarck arrived at Hamburg, Germany. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese troops seized Tarawa and Makin in the Gilbert Islands. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese submarines RO-63, RO-64, and RO-68 bombarded Howland and Baker Islands; it was believed that the US Navy had seaplane bases on those islands, but that intelligence was incorrect. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Transport William Ward Burrows, en route to Wake Island, was re-routed to Johnston Island. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 After more than four years of full scale war, China finally formally declared war on Japan. Cuba and Panama also declared war on Japan on this day. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 US Navy purchased 25 airborne search radar sets for service test in dive bombers and torpedo planes. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Soviet troops recaptured Tikhivin, northern Russia. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 When the rest of his flight was jumped on take-off by Japanese fighters, RAF Squadron Leader Arthur Scarf went on alone to bomb his target in Malaya. Attacked by 12 fighters on the way back, he was fatally wounded but landed his Blenheim bomber and saved his crew. He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese submarine I-10 shelled and sank unarmed Panamanian-flag motorship Donerail 200 miles southeast of Hawaii; only 8 out of the 40 people onboard survived. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Bitter fighting between British and Japanese troops took place for the airfield at Kota Bharu in British Malaya, while two groups of Indian troops crossed into Thailand to destroy roads and railroads. In Thailand, the Japanese entered Bangkok. Out at sea, Japanese aircraft and submarine I-65 spotted British battleship HMS Prince of Wales and battlecruiser HMS Repulse; torpedo bombers were launched from Saigon, occupied French Indochina, but they failed to locate the ships. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 USN river gunboat Mindanao, en route from Hong Kong to Manila, captured a Japanese fishing vessel and took her Taiwanese crew of ten aboard as prisoners. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 USS Swordfish became the first US submarine to attack the enemy when she fired on a Japanese ship 150 miles west of Manila. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 USS R-1 patrolled the New England coast of northeastern United States. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese aircraft commenced the bombing of Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands; among the first targets in the capital city region was the US Army airbase Nichols Field. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese aircraft bombarded American defensive positions at Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese troops breached a western segment of the British Gin Drinker's Line, which stretched from the Gin Drinker's Bay (Zuijiu Wan) in the west to the White Sands Bay (Baisha Wan) in the east, at 225 High Ground north of Hong Kong Island. 27 prisoners were taken. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 German submarine U-652 sank French ship Saint Denis 50 miles south of the Balearic Islands at 1400 hours, killing 3; the ship was sunk in a case of misidentification, as she flew the flag of Vichy France. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 German submarine U-134 mistakenly sank German ship Steinbek 20 miles off of northern Norway at 2100 hours; 12 survived. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese destroyers Ayanami and Yugiri discovered Dutch submarine O 20 twenty miles east of Kota Bharu, British Malaya and attacked her with depth charges from 1100 to 1730 hours. O 20 was finally forced to surface after sundown and was scuttled. 7 were killed during the attack; 32 survived and were captured. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Winston Churchill sent Franklin Roosevelt a message requesting a conference on the war with Japan. Roosevelt initially intended to reject this request, wishing to give his top generals more time to research the situation to avoid the British dominating the conference. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Australian Hudson medium bombers began patrolling out of Rabaul, Bismarck Islands. They spotted an unidentified aircraft that was suspected to be Japanese, but they failed to intercept it. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Kenkichi Ueda was awarded Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Orchidaceae of the puppet nation of Manchukuo and received a special medal to commenmorate the opening of the National Shinto Shrine of Manchukuo. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Adolf Hitler arrived in Berlin, Germany at 1100 hours. He decided to declare war on the United States on this date, but decided to withhold the announcement until 11 Dec in order to have enough time to draft his speech. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 USS Pollack arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 USS Skipjack departed Manila, Philippine Islands for her first war patrol. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Saburo Sakai, flying an A6M Zero fighter, attacked US positions in the Philippine Islands in poor weather. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Soviet 30th Army attacked north of Moscow, Russia, capturing many trucks and field guns abandoned by the German 3rd Panzer Army. South of Moscow, Soviet troops captured Venev and Yelets. Despite the victories, Soviet logistic situation was extremely poor largely due to the destruction of many vehicles at the hands of the Germans in the past few months; for example, Viktor Abakumov reported on this day that on 25 Nov 1941 Soviet 18th Ski Battalion went without any food. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt had his first "Fireside Chat" radio address since the United States had entered the war, noting that the Axis powers had been tainted with "a decade of immorality". 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 Bob Feller enlisted in the United States Navy. 
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09 Dec 1941 WW2 At Wake Atoll, Japanese Navy 24th Air Flotilla aircraft bombed Naval Air Station on Peale Island and Batteries A and E at Peacock Point. 
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09 Dec 1942 WW2 American operations on Guadalcanal, previously conducted by the US Marines under Major General Alexander Vandegrift, were turned over to the US Army under Major General Alexander Patch. The 1st Marine Division began its withdraw to Australia. 
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09 Dec 1942 WW2 HMS Marigold (Lieutenant J. A. S. Halcrow) was sunk by an Italian torpedo off Algiers, Algeria. 
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09 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Wahoo departed Caroline Islands waters. 
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09 Dec 1942 WW2 Aleksandr Vasilevsky and Georgy Zhukov presented to Joseph Stalin a plan for a counteroffensive at Stalingrad, Russia. 
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09 Dec 1942 WW2 Germany agreed to cede to Italy the French warships captured at Bizerte, Tunisia in the previous month. They included sloop La Batailleuse, sloop Commandant Rivière, torpedo boat Bombarde, torpedo boat La Pomone, torpedo boat L'Iphigénie, submarine Phoque, submarine Saphir, submarine Requin, submarine Espadon, submarine Dauphin, submarine Turquoise, submarine Circé, submarine Calypso, and submarine Nautilus. 
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09 Dec 1942 WW2 USS S-28 departed San Diego, California, United States. 
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09 Dec 1942 WW2 The Caucasian captain of Liberty ship David J. Brewer, the first to dock at Port Chicago, California, United States, reluctantly agreed to allow African-American stevedores to load ordnance onto his ship. 
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09 Dec 1943 WW2 The British government announced the establishment of the Council of Freedom in Denmark. 
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09 Dec 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Three officers and 23 men of GROPAC-5 departed. More of ARGUS-15 arrived on board. Air Group 6 arrived on board. 
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09 Dec 1943 WW2 Canadian troops captured San Leonardo, Italy. US and British troops captured the surroundings of Monte Camino to the west. 
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09 Dec 1943 WW2 Allied convoy RA-54B arrived at Loch Ewe, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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09 Dec 1944 WW2 The US Army Air Forces established the 509th Composite Group for atomic weapon delivery. 
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09 Dec 1944 WW2 Whilst defending a position at Faenza, Italy, Captain John Blunt, age 22,of the British Lincolnshire Regiment used anti-tank PIATs, Bren guns and a 2-inch mortar to drive the enemy back. Later he turned another attack, blazing away with a Bren from the top of a tank. His conduct earned him the Victoria Cross but he did not live to know it. Supposedly safe by this time, he was killed on the following day by shellfire. 
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09 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Wisconsin was attached to the US Navy Third Fleet. 
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09 Dec 1944 WW2 Fort Jeanne d'Arc, the last German garrison (some 500 men of the Fuesilier Battalion, 462nd Volksgrenadier Division) which had been holding out before Metz, France surrendered, through lack of food and water, to Brigadier General Harlan N. Harness of the US 26th Division. However, through bad weather, flooding, and American underestimation of the strength of the forts, had by this time, enabled the German 82nd Corps and 13 SS Corps to make a successful withdrawal to a new defensive line on the River Sarre. 
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09 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Charr arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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09 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Shamrock Bay arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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09 Dec 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Experiments with jet propulsion on planes were conducted on this station. Air Group 9 on board. 
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09 Dec 1944 WW2 Soviet troops reached the Danube River north of Budapest, Hungary. 
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09 Dec 1944 WW2 In Italy, British Army Sherwood Foresters Lieutenant (temporary Captain) John Henry Cound Brunt used a PIAT and other weapons to fire on advancing Germans, and then jumped on top of a Sherman tank to help direct the tank gun fire, both of which contributed in repulsing a German counterattack by 90th Panzergrenadier Division. He would later be awarded the Victoria Cross, posthumously, for this action. 
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09 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Segundo recorded stormy weather with winds measuring 8 on the 12-point Beaufort scale. When a large wave hit her, Fireman 1st Class G. H. Saunders was washed overboard and was lost; he was USS Segundo's first casualty. 
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09 Dec 1945 WW2 George Patton sustained spinal cord and neck injuries in an automobile accident near Neckarstadt, Germany at 1145 hours. He became paralyzed from the neck down. 
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09 Dec 1946 WW2 The Doctors' Trial began in Nuremberg before an United States military court against 20 doctors and 3 Nazi officials who were accused of involvement in human experimentation. Trial ended on 20 Aug 1947; 7 were acquitted, 7 were given death sentences, and 9 were given prison sentences. 
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09 Dec 1946 WW2 Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller was found guilty of war crimes by a court in Athens, Greece. 
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09 Dec 1949 WW2 Dong Zhao, his wife, and his three children departed Chongqing, China for Taiwan. 
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09 Dec 1949 WW2 Lu Han defected Yunnan Province, China to the Chinese communists. 
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