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History on the 10th of December

History
Date Text
10 Dec 1520 RELIGIOUS German reformer Martin Luther publicly burned Pope Leo X's bull, "Exsurge Domine," which had demanded that Luther recant his "protestant" heresies, including that of justification by faith alone rather than through purchased indulgences or other papal favors.
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10 Dec 1593 RELIGIOUS Italian archaeologist Antonio Bosio first descended into the subterranean Christian burial chambers, located under the streets of Rome. Bosio was dubbed the "Columbus of the Catacombs," and his books long remained the standard work on the underground tombs of the early Roman Church.
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10 Dec 1854 RELIGIOUS The second construction of the structure known as St Paul's Outside the Walls was consecrated. The church is one of four major basilicas in Rome. The original edifice was erected by Roman emperor Constantine in 324, and rebuilt as a larger basilica in the late fourth century by the Emperor Honorius (395).
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10 Dec 1905 RELIGIOUS "The Gift of the Magi," a short story by William Sydney Porter, 43, was first published. Known by his pen name, O. Henry, Porter's writings were characterized by trick endings, making him a master of short story telling.
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10 Dec 1917 WW2 Russian revolutionary forces captured Rostov, Russia. Kaledin's Cossacks refused to fight and he had no choice but to appeal to General Alekseev to help retake the town. 
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10 Dec 1917 WW2 Erwin Rommel was awarded the Pour le Mérite. 
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10 Dec 1922 WW2 Vice Admiral Kesataro Kawahara stepped down as the commanding officer of the Ryojun Military Port (previously known as Port Arthur; now Lushunkou, Liaoning Province, China), Kwantung Leased Territory in northeastern China. 
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10 Dec 1927 WW2 Chiang Kaishek was elected back into power. 
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10 Dec 1928 WW2 Hiroaki Abe was promoted to the rank of commander. 
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10 Dec 1928 WW2 Tamon Yamaguchi was promoted to the rank of commander. 
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10 Dec 1928 WW2 Commander Sakai was named the commanding officer of destroyer Yuzuki. 
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10 Dec 1928 WW2 Captain Isoroku Yamamoto, future head of the Combined Fleet, became the new commanding officer of carrier Akagi. 
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10 Dec 1928 WW2 Captain Yorio Sawamoto was named the commanding officer of Tenryu. 
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10 Dec 1928 WW2 Masafumi Arima was named the Vice Chief Gunnery Office of battleship Haruna. 
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10 Dec 1928 WW2 Vice Admiral Eijiro Hamano was named the commanding officer of the Mako naval port at Pescadores islands, Taiwan. 
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10 Dec 1934 WW2 All concentration camps in Germany were transferred under the Inspekteur der KL (Inspector for Concentration Camps, or IKL), who was a part of the SS organization; the only exception was the Kislau Concentration Camp, which remained under the Interior Ministry of Baden. 
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10 Dec 1934 WW2 General Jiro Minami succeeded General Takashi Hishikari as the Governor-General of Kwantung Leased Territory and the commanding officer of the Japanese Kwantung Army in northeastern China. 
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10 Dec 1935 WW2 Talented Vickers tank designer, Sir John Carden, was killed when the Belgian airliner in which he was travelling crashes near Biggin Hill, England, United Kingdom. 
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10 Dec 1935 WW2 British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Samuel Hoare and French Prime Minister Pierre Laval secretly agreed on a plan to end the Italo-Abyssinian war by with terms strongly favoring Italy. 
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10 Dec 1937 WW2 Chiang Kaishek rejected Tang Shengzhi's request to negotiate with the Japanese for an evacuation of Nanjing, China. Having received no response to the ultimatum issued on the previous day that expired at noon, the Japanese began the assault at 1300 hours. General Iwane Matsui's order to attack included the wording "ou are to observe military regulations to the letter, to set an example for the future.... Anyone who loots or starts a fire, even accidentally, will be severely punished." 
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10 Dec 1937 WW2 Kaga departed Sasebo, Japan. 
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10 Dec 1937 WW2 Japanese transport Shinsho Maru disembarked troops of No. 1 Yokosuka Special Naval Landing Force near Nagoya, Japan on an amphibious assault exercise. 
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10 Dec 1937 WW2 USS Permit transited the Panama Canal. 
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10 Dec 1938 WW2 The Lockheed Hudson took flight for the first time. The Hudson would later become the first American-built aircraft to be used operationally by the RAF in World War II. Based on the Electra civil airliner, it was ordered by the British Purchasing Commission as early as in Jun 1938 and deliveries began arriving in the UK in Jan 1939. Pressed into service for Maritime Patrol and Anti-Shipping missions, the type saw wide-spread service around the world and was also operated by the RCAF, RAAF, RNZAF, and both the USAAF and US Navy. 
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10 Dec 1938 WW2 Italian physicist Professor Enrico Fermi received the Nobel prize for Physics in Stockholm, Sweden for his work on radioactive elements. Instead of returning home he then fled to the United States with his family (his wife was Jewish) and would later contribute to the Manhatten Project. 
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10 Dec 1939 WW2 Chinese troops launched an attack on Henglingguan Pass south of Jiangxian in northern China; the Japanese troops at the strong point would be driven off by the month's end. 
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10 Dec 1939 WW2 Soviet 7th Army, while attacking Finnish defense fortifications, received flanking fire from coastal batteries on the island of Saarenpää; in response, Soviet battleship Oktjabrskaja Revolutsija bombarded the island, but failed to hit the batteries due to heavy fog. In the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia, Soviet submarines sank three ships going in and out of Finnish ports; two of them actually flew German flags. 
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10 Dec 1940 WW2 Georg von Bismarck was named the commanding officer of the 20th Rifle Brigade. 
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10 Dec 1940 WW2 Before dawn, colonial troops of the Libyan 1st Division withdrew from Maktila, Egypt. In the afternoon, Indian 4th Infantry Division and British 7th Royal Tank Regiment captured Sidi Barrani, pushing Italian 4th Blackshirt Division and another Libyan colonial division into the desert. 
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10 Dec 1940 WW2 A shell fired randomly across the English Channel from one of Germany’s massive 280mm rail guns fell within a few feet of the British 13.5in "Peacemaker" rail gun at Martin Mill, England, United Kingdom severely damaging one of its bogies and mortally wounding one of the Royal Marine gunners. 
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10 Dec 1940 WW2 USS R-1 departed Groton, Connecticut, United States with Submarine Squadron 3 of Submarine Division 42. 
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10 Dec 1940 WW2 USS R-5 departed New London, Connecticut, United States for Cocos Solo, Panama Canal Zone. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Thomas Phillips passed away. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Operation Crusader: The siege of Tobruk, Libya was lifted. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese Destroyer Squadron 6 conducted amphibious invasion on Wake and Wilkes islands in failure, losing one destroyer and three other craft to shore battery and one destroyer to US aircraft, making them the first Japanese ships to be sunk in the Pacific War; this invasion was the only time in the Pacific War that shore defenders overcame an amphibious landing. In the air, USMC Captain Elrod shot down a Japanese G3M2 Type 96 land attack aircraft at Wake, which was the first USMC air-to-air kill of the Pacific War. On the same day, Japanese aircraft destroyed a 125-ton dynamite cache, and the resulting explosion caused damage to coastal batteries. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Aircraft from USS Enterprise sank Japanese submarine I-70 in Hawaiian waters. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 German spy Karel Richter was executed at Wandsworth Prison in Britain. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 In the Mariana Islands, 1,400-strong landing party of the Japanese Navy 5th Defense Force from Saipan landed on Dungcas Beach at Guam. At the same time, 5,500 men of the Japanese South Seas Detached Force landed at Tumon Bay, near Merizo, and at Talafofo Bay. US military governor of Guam, Captain McMillin, surrendered the island to the Japanese Navy commanding officer. Two patrol craft, thirteen lighters, one dredge, three barges, and one auxiliary vessel at Guam were turned over to the Japanese. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese submarine I-58 spotted British battleship HMS Prince of Wales and battlecruiser HMS Repulse off British Malaya, launched five torpedoes, but all of them missed; beginning at 1117 hours, Japanese aircraft began to attack. Overwhelmed, HMS Repulse was sunk at 1233 hours (513 killed), followed by HMS Prince of Wales at 1318 hours (327 killed); destroyers HMS Electra, HMS Express, and HMS Vampire rescued 1,862 survivors. On land, the British commanders dispatched the 1st Battalion of the 14th Punjab Regiment and the 2nd Battalion of the 1st Gurkha Rifles regiment to Changlun and Asun in northern British Malaya to counter the Japanese advance; contact was made at Changlun at 2100 hours, where two Japanese tanks were destroyed before the Punjabi troops fell back toward Asun. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 British troops withdrew onto Hong Kong island after the defensive Gin Drinker's Line collapsed. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 USS R-1 patrolled the New England coast of northeastern United States. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Winston Churchill transferred Burma under the operational command of Archibald Wavell in India. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 The Japanese Navy 11th Air Fleet was reorganized to contain three air flotillas, a destroyer division, three transports, and two Special Naval Landing Forces. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Joachim von Ribbentrop ordered the German chargé d'affaires in Washington DC, United States to avoid provoking the United States, as Adolf Hitler would like to declare war on the United States first. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Soviet troops encircled three German divisions at Livny, south of Moscow, Russia. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 German submarine U-130 attacked Allied convoy SC-57 200 miles southwest of Ireland just before midnight at the end of the day, sinking British transport Kurdistan, British transport Kirnwood, and Egyptian transport Star of Luxor. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Captain Karou Umetani of light carrier Hosho received a US submarine sighting report and decided to launch aircraft to hunt for the submarine even though the late launch meant he would have to turn on the flight deck lights after dark when the aircraft returned. No hostile submarines made use of the flight deck lights to attack the carrier, but the landing operations caused Hosho to be separated from the fleet. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Russian ship Kuzbass and tug Arcos, Stragglers of Allied convoy QP-3, were found by Soviet ice breaker Fyodor Litke, rescue ship Squall, and Soviet patrol ship SKR-19 at 0900 hours. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Joseph Rochefort and his team in Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii began working on decrypting the main Japanese Navy operational code. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down the South African P-40 fighter piloted by Lieutenant B. G. S. Enslin near El Adem, Libya at 0850 hours. It was his 31st kill. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Cavite Navy Yard in the Philippine Islands was heavily damaged by Japanese aircraft; destroyers Peary and Pillsbury, submarines Seadragon and Sealion, and submarine tender Otus were damaged; ferry Santa Rita was sunk; minesweeper Bittern was destroyed by fire; about 60% of US Navy Asiatic Fleet's torpedoes were destroyed at Cavite. A PBY Catalina aircraft, fleeing from the attack on Cavite Navy Yard, was attacked by three Zero fighters; gunner Chief Boatswain Payne shot down one of the Zero fighters, thus scoring the US Navy's first verifiable air-to-air kill of a Japanese aircraft in the Pacific War. Elsewhere, Japanese aircraft attacked Manila Bay area, damaging American freighter Sagoland. Finally, Japanese troops of the 2nd Taiwan Regiment of the 48th Division landed on Camiguin Island and at Gonzaga, Vigan, and Aparri on Luzon Island. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 While guarding transports which disembarked troops on Luzon, Philippine Islands, Naka was attacked by US B-17 bombers, P-35A fighters, and P-40B fighters, receiving slight damage from strafing. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Saburo Sakai, flying an A6M Zero fighter, shot down a B-17 Flying Fortress bomber flown by Captain Colin Kelly in the Philippine Islands. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 USS Gar arrived at San Diego, California, United States. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 USS Flying Fish was commissioned into service with Lieutenant Commander Glynn Donaho in command. 
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10 Dec 1941 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt tore up a letter he drafted for Winston Churchill intending to delay Churchill's request for a conference as he heard news of the Japanese sinking of HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse off Malaya and realized the urgency of having to plan for a campaign against the Japanese. 
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10 Dec 1942 WW2 Yekaterina Budanova shot down two Bf 110 fighters. 
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10 Dec 1942 WW2 No. 1 Demolition Squadron, PPA (Popski's Private Army), commanded by Major Vladimir Peniakoff, became operational as a British Special Forces unit, formed specifically to raid Axis fuel supply lines in North Africa. 
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10 Dec 1942 WW2 The repair work on light cruiser Voroshilov, damaged by mines on 29 Nov 1942, began. 
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10 Dec 1942 WW2 Ambra launched three manned torpedoes and ten frogmen against Algiers, French Algeria in Operation NA 1, sinking one cargo ship and damaging two other cargo ships; all Italian torpedo crew members and frogmen were captured at the end of the operation. 
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10 Dec 1942 WW2 Satoru Anabuki, flying Ki-43 fighter "Fubuki", shot down a Hurricane fighter over Chittagong, India (now Bangladesh), his fifth victory. 
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10 Dec 1942 WW2 The Italian Air Force established the Air Force Assault Engineer Battalion within 1st Air Force Assault Regiment. 
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10 Dec 1942 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze arrived at Kure, Japan. 
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10 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Columbia arrived at Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides. 
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10 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Wahoo attacked a Japanese convoy consisted of one tanker and two freighters with one escorting destroyer in the Pacific Ocean, sinking freighter Kamoi Maru with 3 of 4 torpedoes. 
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10 Dec 1942 WW2 Three transports arrived at Auschwitz Concentration Camp. The first was from the Netherlands with 927 Jews; 39 men and 3 women were registered, and 885 were gassed. The second was from Berlin, Germany with 1,060 Jews; 137 men and 25 women were registered, and 898 were gassed. The third was from Malkinia, Poland with about 2,500 Jews; 524 were registered and about 1,976 were gassed. 
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10 Dec 1943 WW2 25 RAF Mosquito aircraft attacked Leverkusen, Germany. 
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10 Dec 1943 WW2 Lieutenant Commander Masamichi Terauchi was named the commanding officer of destroyer Yukikaze. 
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10 Dec 1943 WW2 64th Bomb Squadron (flying B-24 aircraft) of USAAF 43rd Bomb Group was transferred from Port Moresby to Dobodura Airfield, Australian Papua. 
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10 Dec 1943 WW2 Torokina Airfield at Bougainville, Solomon Islands was declared fully operational after a short 40-day construction. 17 F4U aircraft of US Marine Corps squadron VMF-216 became the first to officially arrive at the airfield, although the airfield had already received two unscheduled emergency landings on 24 Nov 1943 and 8 Dec 1943. 
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10 Dec 1943 WW2 René-Émile Godfroy was forced into retirement. 
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10 Dec 1943 WW2 Karl von Le Suire issued the order to destroy the town of Kalavryta, Greece as retribution for the killing of 78 German soldiers by Greek ELAS partisan fighters. This would result in the Massacre of Kalavryta thre days later, which saw the death of about 700 Greek civilians. 
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10 Dec 1943 WW2 British Eighth Army, with Canadian elements, crossed the Moro River in Italy and entered "The Gully", capturing Vino Ridge. To the west, US troops captured the heights surrounding the Mignano Gap in Italy. 
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10 Dec 1943 WW2 Irako arrived at Saipan, Mariana Islands. 
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10 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Wake Island arrived at San Francisco, California, United States. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 US Third Army captured Haguenau and Sarreguemines in northeastern France. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yuzuki departed Manila, Luzon, Philippine Islands, escorting troop convoy TA No. 9 for Ormoc, Leyte, Philippine Islands. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 Adolf Hitler arrived at the Adlerhorst headquarters in Wetterau, Germany. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 The world's longest Bailey bridge (at the length of 1,154 feet) was completed over the Chindwin River in Burma by the Anglo-Indian troops. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Ticonderoga departs Ulithi, Caroline Islands with Task Group 38.3. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Marcus Island departed Kossol Roads, Palau Islands. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Alabama departed Ulithi, Caroline Islands. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Wasp departed Ulithi, Caroline Islands. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 Unryu arrived at Kure, Japan. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Preston guarded carriers while the carriers launched strikes against Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 The Soviet Foreign Commissariat began to expel US and UK intelligence personnel from Romania. 
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10 Dec 1944 WW2 Allied convoy RA-62 departed the Kola Inlet near Murmansk, Russia. 
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10 Dec 1945 WW2 USS Miami arrived at Long Beach, California, United States. 
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10 Dec 1946 WW2 USS Sennet began her participation in the Operation Highjump Antarctic expedition. 
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10 Dec 1949 WW2 Adrian Pelt of the Netherlands was appointed the United Nations Commissioner of Libya. 
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10 Dec 1956 RELIGIOUS English Christian apologist C.S. Lewis wrote in a letter: 'In so far as the things unseen are manifested by the things seen, one might from one point of view call the whole material universe an allegory.'
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