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History on the 12th of December

History
Date Text
12 Dec 1666 RELIGIOUS The Moscow Council deposed Russian Orthodox Patriarch Nikon, 61. The church synod had sought to bring an end to the struggle between Czar Alexis and Patriarch Nikon, but the antagonism, begun as a call for liturgical reform, ultimately grew into a struggle over the relationship between church and state.
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12 Dec 1712 RELIGIOUS The South Carolina colony passed a "Sunday Law" requiring "all...persons whatsoever" to attend church each Sunday, to refrain from skilled labor, and to do no traveling by horse or wagon beyond the necessary. Infractions of this law were met with a 10_shilling fine and/or a two_hour lock_up in the village stocks.
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12 Dec 1767 RELIGIOUS Anglican clergyman and hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: 'The Lord himself is our Keeper. Nothing befalls us but what is adjusted by His wisdom and love. He will, in one way or another, sweeten every bitter cup, and ere long He will wipe away all tears from our eyes.'
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12 Dec 1808 RELIGIOUS The Bible Society of Philadelphia was organized, the first of its kind in America. Rev. William White was elected first president of the new organization, whose purpose it was to promote and distribute the Scriptures.
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12 Dec 1910 WW2 The keel of Yingrui was laid down by Vickers Limited at Barrow-in-Furness, England, United Kingdom. 
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12 Dec 1916 WW2 General Robert Nivelle was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the French Army. 
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12 Dec 1917 WW2 Several Japanese troopships arrived off Vladivostok, Russia, which brought about a strong protest from the US government. A US warship was sent to the scene, although for the moment no Japanese soldier actually set foot ashore. 
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12 Dec 1917 WW2 Vice Admiral Tomojiro Chisaka was named the commanding officer of the Mako naval port at Pescadores islands, Taiwan. 
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12 Dec 1918 WW2 USS Arizona departed Portland, England, United Kingdom. 
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12 Dec 1919 WW2 Prince Kotohito was promoted to the rank of field marshal. 
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12 Dec 1930 WW2 USS R-5 was ordered to sail for the east coast of the United States. 
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12 Dec 1933 WW2 Cruiser Köln returned from her first international voyage. 
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12 Dec 1935 WW2 Heinrich Himmler founded the Lebensborn project to promote Nazi eugenics. 
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12 Dec 1936 WW2 Xi'an Incident: Chinese generals kidnapped Chiang Kaishek in an attempt to force the Nationalist and Communist forces to form an unified front against the Japanese. 
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12 Dec 1936 WW2 Jiang Dingwen was interned during the Xi'an Incident. 
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12 Dec 1936 WW2 The French battleship Strasbourg was launched at the Saint-Nazaire-Penhoet shipyard at Saint-Nazaire, France. 
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12 Dec 1937 WW2 National elections were held in the Soviet Union for the first Supreme Soviet under the recently ratified Stalin Constitution. The turnout reached 98.6% of the electorate. 
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12 Dec 1937 WW2 At 0300 hours, General Tang Shengzhi, commanding officer of Chinese forces in Nanjing, China, having learned that Japanese naval vessels were heading up the Yangtze River, ordered his officers to prepare a small group of men to retreat across the river while the bulk would gather for an offensive to break out of the Japanese line. During the day, troops of the Japanese 114th Division wooed 1,500 Chinese troops into surrendering at the southern side of the city wall, promising to spare them their lives; they were all executed by the end of the following day. In the afternoon, Japanese bombers sank the American gunboat USS Panay in Nanjing, China at 1554 hours. At 1700 hours, Tang met with his officers again (several of whom were absent, having fled the city without permission) and was told that the Japanese were advancing faster than anticipated. He decided to increase the size of the Yangtze River evacuation to 5 divisions of troops. Tang would depart via the Yijiang Gate on the northern side of the city at 2100 hours, crossing the river on a small launch. 
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12 Dec 1937 WW2 Kaname Harada saw his first combat action in China. 
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12 Dec 1937 WW2 The Daiton National Park (now Yangmingshan National Park) and the Tsugitaka Taroko National Park were established in northern Taiwan and eastern Taiwan, respectively. 
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12 Dec 1938 WW2 HMS Somali (L33) was commissioned into service with Captain R. S. G. Nicholson in command. 
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12 Dec 1938 WW2 Albacore aircraft took its first flight. 
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12 Dec 1939 WW2 Cruiser Köln and other warships screened minelayers during a mining mission. 
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12 Dec 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler postponed the decision to invade France to 27 Dec 1939; if he was to launch the attack, the date of action was to be 1 Jan 1940. Since the decision was to be made after Christmas, he permitted the granting of Christmas leave. 
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12 Dec 1939 WW2 Soviets suffered heavy casualties near Tolvajärvi, Finland as Finnish troops wiped out two Soviet divisions. 
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12 Dec 1940 WW2 Hungary and Yugoslavia signed the Treaty of Eternal Friendship. 
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12 Dec 1940 WW2 Philip Kerr passed away. 
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12 Dec 1940 WW2 British 7th Armored Brigade moved into the desert to outflank Italian forces at Sollum, Egypt and to cut the road to Bardia, Libya, as the latter port was subjected to carrier aircraft attack by HMS Illustrious. Meanwhile, the first groups of Italian prisoners of war began to arrive by truck at the British headquarters at Mersa Matruh, Egypt. 
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12 Dec 1940 WW2 German submarine U-96 attacked Allied convoy HX-92 12 miles south of St. Kilda, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, United Kingdom, sinking Swedish ship Stureholm at 0156 hours (killing entire crew of 32) and Belgian ship Macedonier at 0431 hours (4 killed, 37 survived). 
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12 Dec 1940 WW2 Maxim Gorkiy was commissioned into service. 
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12 Dec 1940 WW2 Philippe Pétain received an invitation from Adolf Hitler to attend the ceremony in which Napoleon II's remains were to be returned from Austria to the Les Invalides cemetery in Paris, France. 
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12 Dec 1940 WW2 Vichy-France established diplomatic relationship with the Japanese-sponsored puppet state of Manchukuo. 
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12 Dec 1940 WW2 HMS Edinburgh arrived at Scapa Flow, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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12 Dec 1940 WW2 British monitoring stations detected X Verfahren radio beams being laid across northern England, United Kingdom, and suspected a German attack would take place on the city of Sheffield. In the evening, 13 He 111 bombers of Kampfgruppe 100 arrived over the Sheffield suburbs of Norton Lees and Gleadless at 1941 hours, dropping 16 SC50 high explosive bombs, 1,009 B1 E1 ZA incendiaries, and 10,080 B1 E1 incendiaries. Shortly after, three groups of German bombers, the main force, attacked. The first group was consisted of 36 Ju 88 bombers and 29 He 111 bombers; the second group was consisted of 23 Ju 88 bombers, 74 He 111 bombers, and 7 Do 17 bombers; the third group was consisted of 63 Ju 88 bombers and 35 He 111 bombers. The 280 German aircraft heavily damaged the city center and residential districts through the night through 0400 hours on the next day. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese Navy 11th Air Fleet aircraft attacked the US Navy base at Olongapo in Luzon, Philippine Islands. At Legaspi, Japanese troops captured an airfield and moved north. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 US Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox departed from Oahu, Hawaii after personally inspecting damages. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 The United Kingdom declared war on Bulgaria while Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania declared war on the United Kingdom and the United States. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Germans reported widespread typhus on the Eastern Front of the European War. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Refugee ship SS Struma departed Romania with 769 Rumanian Jews on board, sailing for Palestine. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 US submarine S-38 claimed sinking the first Japanese ship in the Pacific War by an American vessel, but the sinking was not confirmed. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Churchill placed the defence of Burma under Wavell's command, promising four fighter and six bomber squadrons and matérial reinforcements, together with the 18th Division and what remained of 17th Indian Division (since two of its Brigades had been diverted to Singapore). On the same day, the 3rd Squadron of the American Volunteer Group was transferred to Rangoon, Burma. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 In a meeting with Adolf Hitler, Erich Raeder noted to Hitler that the Americans would most likely divert warships to the Pacific Ocean which was advantageous for the German Navy. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Wilhelm Keitel clarified Adolf Hitler's Nacht und Nebel decree to the leaders of the German military. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Colonel Shizuo Saeki led elements of the Japanese 5th Division attacked Jitra, British Malaya. After sundown, British General Lewis Heath gave the order for the 11th Indian Division to withdraw from Jitra. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Italian cruisers Alberto da Giussano and Alberico da Barbiano departed Palermo, Sicily, for Tripoli, Libya with 135 men and 950 tons of various types of fuel. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze escorted the Japanese invasion force for Legaspi, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 The Australian government decided to abandon Rabaul in the Bismarck Islands should the Japanese invade; only civilians, restricted to women and children, were allowed to be evacuated. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Light carrier Hosho detected a hostile submarine near Okinoshma Lighthouse in Japan. Later in the day, she arrived at Kure, Japan. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Naka departed Vigan, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Semyon Timoshenko of Soviet Southwestern Front and Nikita Khrushchev of the Soviet Military Council ordered the arrest of the head of the Special Department of the 1st Tank Brigade and the assistant to the Technical Department of the Tank Regiment for "overreaching their authority" and "unauthorized shootings" for the execution, while intoxicated, of a lieutenant of the 1st Tank Brigade without reason. 
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12 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese reconnaissance flying boats bombed Wake and Peale Islands in a pre-dawn raid, followed by daylight bombing by land-based attack aircraft from Majuro, Marshall Islands; neither bombing caused significant damage. Aircraft from US Marine Fighter Squadron 211 reported a possible sinking of a Japanese submarine 25 miles southwest of Wake Atoll. 
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12 Dec 1942 WW2 Spanish General Muñoz Grandes passed the command of the German 250th Infantry Division of Spanish volunteers to General Esteban-Infantes; Muñoz Grandes was awarded the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves upon his departure. 
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12 Dec 1942 WW2 Axis rear guards engaged the attacking Allied forces near Marsa Brega and El Agheila in Libya as the main Axis force evacuated to the west. 
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12 Dec 1942 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho was attacked by US submarine USS Drum 160 mlies east of Hachijojima, Japan at 0910 hours, suffering one torpedo hit on the starboard side, which forced her to return to Japan for repairs. 
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12 Dec 1942 WW2 Raizo Tanaka personally led a night time fast destroyer supply run and suffered injuries when his destroyer was torpedoed by a US Navy PT boat. 
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12 Dec 1942 WW2 USAAF 33rd Fighter Group achieved its first aerial victory as 1st Lieutenant Charles Poillon of 58th Fighter Squadron, flying a P-40 fighter, shot down a German Ju 88 aircraft near Youks-les-Bains Airfield near Tébessa, Algeria. 
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12 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Tunny arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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12 Dec 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Sasebo, Japan. 
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12 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Sunfish fired two torpedoes at a Japanese warship in the Pacific Ocean; both torpedoes missed. 
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12 Dec 1942 WW2 Operation Winter Tempest was launched towards Stalingrad, Russia with German 3 Panzer Divisions and 10 other divisions. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 Yamato departed Truk to cover for troop transport operation BO-1. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 Feldmarschall Rommel was appointed the head of Armeegruppe B based in France. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 In Moscow, Russia, a treaty of friendship was signed between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 A treaty of amity, mutual aid and collaboration after the war was concluded by the Soviet Union with Czechoslovakia. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 Shokaku departed Truk, Caroline Islands for Yokosuka, Japan. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 Repair ship Akashi began repairing light cruiser Nagara at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 Joseph Stilwell arrived in Chongqing, China. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 18 RAF Mosquito aircraft attacked Essen, Germany while 9 RAF Mosquito aircraft attacked Düsseldorf, Germany. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Seahorse arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, ending her second war patrol. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: More of ACORN-21 arrived on board. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 The Canadian attack in "The Gully" region in Italy was met with resistance, suffering heavy casualties. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Alabama arrived at Efate Island, New Hebrides Islands. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 Allied convoy JW-55A departed Liverpool, England, United Kingdom. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Wake Island departed San Francisco, California, United States. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 Submarine Barbero was launched at Groton, Connecticut, United States, sponsored by Mrs. Katherine R. Keating. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Harder arrived at Mare Island Navy Yard in Vallejo, California, United States for a scheduled overhaul. 
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12 Dec 1943 WW2 Preston was launched at San Pedro, California, United States, sponsored by sponsored by Mrs. R. F. Gross. 
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12 Dec 1944 WW2 US Third Army captured the V-rocket factory at Wittring in eastern France. 
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12 Dec 1944 WW2 The American invasion fleet for Mindoro, Philippine Islands set sail. 
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12 Dec 1944 WW2 After sundown, USS Pintado sank Japanese Transport No. 12 and Japanese Transport No. 104 in the Luzon Strait between Taiwan and the Philippine Islands, hitting them with three of six torpedoes fired. 
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12 Dec 1944 WW2 Roza Shanina was wounded in the right shoulder by a German sniper. 
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12 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Luce supported landing operations at Huon Gulf, Australian New Guinea. 
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12 Dec 1944 WW2 Allied troops attacked the Arakan region of Burma. 
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12 Dec 1944 WW2 German pilot Willi Kriessmann ferried an Ar 234 jet bomber from Hamburg, Germany to German Luftwaffe bomber group Kampfgeschwader 76. 
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12 Dec 1944 WW2 Brazilian troops attacked Monte Della Torraca southwest of Bologna, Italy. 
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12 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Preston guarded carriers while the carriers launched strikes against Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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12 Dec 1944 WW2 Dwight Eisenhower arrived in London, England, United Kingdom and secured Winston Churchill's agreement on Eisenhower's strategy for the war in Europe for the foreseeable future. 
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12 Dec 1945 WW2 Concord was decommissioned from service. 
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12 Dec 1945 WW2 USS Macabi entered Mare Island Navy Yard, California, United States for inactivation overhaul. 
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12 Dec 1946 WW2 Savo Island was decommissioned from service. 
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12 Dec 1946 WW2 USS Marcus Island was decommissioned from service at Boston, Massachusetts, United States and entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. 
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12 Dec 1946 WW2 Ju 290 aicraft "Alles Kaput" was scrapped in the United States. 
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12 Dec 1947 WW2 Victoria Cross winner Nand Singh of the Indian Army was killed whilst leading a successful attack to extricate his battalion from an ambush by Kashmir raiders from Pakistan. 
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12 Dec 1974 RELIGIOUS Pope Paul VI announced his intention of canonizing Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton (1774_1821), who had founded the first free Catholic school in the U.S. as well as the religious order known as the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph.
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