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History on the 19th of December

History
Date Text
19 Dec 1808 RELIGIOUS Birth of Horatius Bonar, Scottish clergyman and poet. He authored several missionary biographies and penned over 600 hymns, including "I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say."
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19 Dec 1855 RELIGIOUS Birth of William Henry Draper, Anglican clergyman and hymnwriter. His words to "All Creatures of Our God and King" are an English translation of a Latin text believed to have been penned by St. Francis of Assisi.
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19 Dec 1860 RELIGIOUS Birth of Frank E. Graeff, American Methodist clergyman. Well_known for his interest in children's ministry and for his storytelling abilities, Graeff also authored over 200 hymns, including "Does Jesus Care?"
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19 Dec 1915 WW2 Sir Douglas Haig assumed command of the British forces in France. 
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19 Dec 1918 WW2 The first Soviet military intelligence organization, Military Department or VO, was formed as part of VCheKa (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Speculation, Sabotage and Misconduct in Office). 
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19 Dec 1919 WW2 An IRA ambush at Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland failed in its attempt to assassinate the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Sir John French. After a brief gunfight the police escort fought off the attack. 
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19 Dec 1921 WW2 Karl von Le Suire was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class. 
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19 Dec 1932 WW2 Yun Bong-gil was executed in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. 
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19 Dec 1937 WW2 Men of the Japanese 13th Division, having executed tends of thousands of refugees and prisoners of war in Nanjing, China by machine gun, bayonet, and fire since 16 Dec 1937, began to burn the remains; the ashes were dumped into the Yangtze River. Reverend James M. McCallum, who was in Nanjing, noted in his diary "Never I have heard or read such brutality. Rape! Rape! Rape! We estimate at least 1,000 cases a night, and many by day.... Women are being carried off every morning, afternoon and evening. The whole Japanese army seems to be free to go and come as it pleases, and to do whatever it pleases." 
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19 Dec 1937 WW2 USS Pollack arrived at San Diego, California, United States. 
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19 Dec 1939 WW2 In their attack on Summa, Finland, the Soviet Army lost 20 of 100 tanks. 
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19 Dec 1939 WW2 Hans Langsdorff passed away. 
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19 Dec 1939 WW2 British light cruiser HMS Orion intercepted German freighter Arauca off Miami, Florida, United States; the German crew sailed into Port Everglades, Florida to avoid capture as the United States was still a neutral nation. 
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19 Dec 1939 WW2 HMS Hyperion intercepted German passenger liner Columbus 450 miles east of Cape May, New Jersey, United States; Columbus' crew scuttled the ship to prevent capture. 
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19 Dec 1939 WW2 Japanese troops captured Kunlun Pass 59 kilometers northeast of Nanning, Guangxi Province, China. 
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19 Dec 1940 WW2 British battleships HMS Valiant and HMS Warspite shelled Italian defensive positions at Vlorë, Albania overnight in support of Greek advances. 
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19 Dec 1940 WW2 German submarine U-37 mistakenly torpedoed and sank Vichy French submarine Sfax (4 killed, 69 survived) and support ship Rhône (11 killed) 7 miles north of Cape Juby, Morocco. The captain of U-37 chose to not record this incident on the ship's logs. 
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19 Dec 1940 WW2 British gunboat HMS Aphis bombarded Bardia, Libya in support of Operation Compass. Meanwhile, General O'Connor reported that in the first 10 days of the offensive his forces had suffered 141 killed or missing and 387 wounded. 
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19 Dec 1940 WW2 Italian submarine Bagnolini sank British ship Amicus 200 miles west of Ireland, killing all aboard. 
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19 Dec 1940 WW2 Archbishop Sapieha of Krakow, Poland sent a letter to Auschwitz Commandant Rudolf Höss requesting permission for Christmas mass to be held in the camp for Catholic prisoners. Höss turned down the request because the camp rules did not permit religious observations, but did agree that approximately 6,000 one-kilogram food parcels could be sent to all the prisoners over the holidays. 
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19 Dec 1940 WW2 British destroyers HMS Veteran and HMS Verity collided in Lough Foyle near the Royal Navy base at Londonderry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. HMS Verity's engine room was flooded, requiring her to remain out of commission for repairs until 5 Mar 1941. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Adolf Hitler relieved Walther von Brauchitsch as army commander-in-chief and took over command of the army himself, promising "to educate it to be National Socialist". Among the first orders he issued was the "no retreat" order, condemning thousands of troops to die in position outside of Moscow, Russia, without the chance to maneuver in defense. On the same day, the Soviet Military Collegium, having previously evacuated to Chkalov (now Orenburg), Russia, returned to Moscow. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese troops captured Penang, Malaya. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese troops reached the Wong Nai Chung Gap in central Hong Kong island where they were held by Canadian and colonial Chinese troops. Seven ships of the British Royal Navy (river gunboat HMS Tern, minelayer HMS Redstart, boom vessel HMS Watergate, boom vessel HMS Barlight, boom vessel HMS Aldgate, tug HMS Poet Chaucer, and tug HMS Alliance), along with several merchant vessels, were scuttled in the Hong Kong harbor to prevent Japanese capture. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Generalmajor Wilhelm Weiß succeeded Rudolf Konrad as the commanding officer of the German 7th Mountain Division. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese aircraft attacked Olongapo, Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 In fierce hand-to-hand fighting in Hong Kong, Canadian Army Company Sergeant Major John Osborn of the Winnipeg Grenadiers inspired his men by scooping up and hurling back Japanese grenades. One he could not reach in time so he threw himself onto the it in order to save his comrades. Osborn was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross, which was Canada's first. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Indian 4th Division captured Derna, Libya. To the west, 30 tanks arrived at Benghazi as Axis reinforcement. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Multiple German submarines continued to shadow Allied convoy HG-76 en route between Gibraltar and Britain. At 0415 hours, 435 miles west of Lisbon, Portugal, U-574 fired 3 torpedoes at British destroyer HMS Stanley and sank her, killing 136; British sloop HMS Stork counterattacked with depth charges, forced U-574 to surface, and sank her by ramming at 0427 hours; 28 were killed, 16 survived. At 0615 hours, U-108 attacked HG-76, damaging British transport Ruckinge (3 killed, 39 survived); HMS Samphire scuttled Ruckinge by gunfire after all survivors were taken off. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 British cruisers HMS Neptune, HMS Aurora, and HMS Penelope and destroyers HMS Kandahar, HMS Lance, HMS Lively, and HMS Havock sailed into a minefield 30 miles northeast of Tripoli, Libya at 0100 hours. Aurora, Penelope, and Kandahar (79 killed, 104 survived) were damaged, and Neptune sank after hitting four mines (766 killed, 1 survived). 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Lieutenant George Edward Gaudreau was named the commanding officer of HMCS Trillium. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 William Dimoline was promoted to the rank of colonel. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Italian frogmen on human torpedoes slipped into Alexandria harbour in Egypt and sank British WW1-era battleships Queen Elizabeth and Valiant with limpet mines; 6 Italians were captured in this mission. Although both were later refloated and repaired, their loss coupled with the sinking in the previous month of the Barham left the Royal Navy without a single capital ship in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, giving the Italian Navy superiority in the region. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 In a daring daylight raid by 41 RAF Manchester bombers on the French port of Brest, the gates to the dock containing the German battlecruiser Scharnhorst were so badly damaged that the mighty warship would be confined at the port for a further month. Two aircraft of No. 97 Squadron were lost to ground fire and Luftwaffe fighters. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Clarence Tinker was named the Commander of the US Army Air Forces in the Hawaii Islands. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 In India, General Archibald Wavell received a telegram from Chiang Kaishek in which the Chinese leader offered to join any plan proposed by the Allies. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Nachi provided support for the landings at Davao, Philippine Islands. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 The Soviets landed 20,000 men on the Kerch Peninsula in Russia with the aim of lifting the siege of Sevastopol. 
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19 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese Navy land-based attack aircraft from Roi, Kwajalein, Marshall Islands attacked Wake Atoll, seriously damaging defense battalion facilities at Camp One. 
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19 Dec 1942 WW2 HMS Snapdragon was bombed and sunk by the Luftwaffe northwest of Benghazi, Libya. 
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19 Dec 1942 WW2 USS S-35 disembarked a sick sailor at Adak, US Territory of Alaska and set sail for Kiska. 
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19 Dec 1942 WW2 Workers at Dock No. 4 at Pearl Harbor Navy Yard, US Territory of Hawaii began pouring concrete. 
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19 Dec 1942 WW2 The P.119 prototype fighter took its first flight. 
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19 Dec 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed Nagasaki, Japan. 
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19 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Albacore returned to the site of Tenryu's sinking, which took place on the previous day, and observed wooden crates, 85 empty oil drums, and other debris floating in the water. 
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19 Dec 1942 WW2 Erich von Manstein's units reached a point 30 miles south of Stalingrad, Russia, which would be the extent of their advance. 
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19 Dec 1942 WW2 Chief Petty Officers Wally Hammond and Don Lister, having previously escaped from Germany, successfully crossed the border into Switzerland. They were prisoners of war of Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle in Germany. 
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19 Dec 1942 WW2 Captured French sloop La Batailleuse departed Bizerte, Tunisia with an Italian crew for La Spezia, Italy. 
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19 Dec 1942 WW2 Captured French sloop Commandant Rivière departed Bizerte, Tunisia with an Italian crew for La Spezia, Italy. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 50,000 people gathered in the square in Kharkov, Ukraine to witness the hanging of four Germans found guilty of killing 30,000 civilians in Ukraine. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 French Résistants engaged in heavy fighting with Germans in Bernex, France. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 RAF bombers delivered propaganda leaflets over France. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 Submarine Croaker was launched, sponsored by the wife of Admiral William H. P. Blandy. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Palau Islands. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 In an order published by Lord Louis Mountbatten the air forces of the RAF and USAAF in the South East Asia Command were combined into a single force under the command of Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Peirse. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 16 B-24 bombers with an escort of 50 P-38, F4U, and Kittyhawk fighters attacked Rabaul, New Britain. 49 Japanese fighters rose to defend. The Americans lost 2 aircraft in combat and a further 8 aircraft were written off after the mission; the Japanese lost 5 A6M fighters in combat. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 18 A6M3 fighters arrived at Rabaul, New Britain. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 2nd Bomb Squadron (flying B-25 and B-26 aircraft) of USAAF 22nd Bomb Group and the headquarters of USAAF 375th Troop Carrier Group were transferred out of Dobodura Airfield, Australian Papua. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 USS S-35 set sail toward Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Grayback sank a Japanese patrol vessel in the Philippine Sea, hitting her with 3 of 4 torpedoes. 
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19 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Golet departed Manitowoc, Wisconsin, United States. 
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19 Dec 1944 WW2 Chester Nimitz was promoted to the rank of fleet admiral. 
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19 Dec 1944 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit Chelmsford, Essex, England, United Kingdom at 0130 hours. The war factory was hit, killing 39 and seriously injuring 33. 
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19 Dec 1944 WW2 Germans captured 9,000 surrounded US troops in the Schnee Eifel region on the Belgian-German border. Meanwhile, the US 101st Airborne of the Allied reserves and 10th Armored Divisions of the US Third Army were sent to Bastogne to hold the vital road junction in Belgium. 
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19 Dec 1944 WW2 William Slim completed a two-day meeting with Montagu Stopford and Frank Messervy regarding Operation Extended Capital. Meanwhile, in the field, Indian 2nd Division relieved Indian 20th Division and began marching for Shwebo, Burma 40 miles northwest of Mandalay. Finally, Indian 19th Division captured Wuntho en route to Pinlebu and Pinbon, Burma. 
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19 Dec 1944 WW2 Colonel Edward Rector, one of the original Flying Tigers pilots, was shot down by anti-aircraft fire near Jinmen Island, Fujian Province, China while flying a P-51 fighter. He was rescued by Chinese civilians, who also helped him to reach the Sino-American Special Technical Cooperative Organization (SACO) headquarters in Zhangzhou, Fujian. He would later make a 200-kilometer trek inland to Longyan airfield to be picked up by a 14th Air Force aircraft to Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. 
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19 Dec 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Officers moved into the first of 3 new JOQs.  
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19 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Sunfish arrived at Majuro, Marshall Islands, ending her ninth war patrol. 
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19 Dec 1944 WW2 Unryu was hit by a torpedo from USS Redfish about 200 kilometers southeast of Shanghai, China, which rendered her dead in the water and afire. At 1650 hours, just as some power was restored, USS Redfish hit her again at 1650 hours, igniting aviation gas and sank within seven minutes. 1,241 were killed (including commanding officer Captain Konishi Kaname); 147 survived and were rescued by destroyer Shigure. 
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19 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Preston guarded carriers while the carriers launched strikes against Luzon, Philippine Islands. 
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19 Dec 1944 WW2 Allied convoy RA-62 arrived at Loch Ewe, Scotland, United Kingdom. 
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19 Dec 1944 RELIGIOUS Birth of Andrew Robert Culverwell, American sacred music songwriter. This contemporary music artist has written such popular Christian songs as "Born Again" and "Come On, Ring Those Bells."
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19 Dec 1945 WW2 McFarland was decommissioned from service. 
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19 Dec 1945 WW2 Engstrom was decommissioned from service. 
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19 Dec 1945 WW2 Free French fighter ace Jean Demozay returning from a trip to London, England, United Kingdom was killed when his aircraft crashed near Buc, France. 
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19 Dec 1945 WW2 I-400 arrived at Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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19 Dec 1945 WW2 I-401 arrived at Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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19 Dec 1945 WW2 I-14 arrived at Guam, Mariana Islands. 
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19 Dec 1945 WW2 Shigeru Yoshida was made a member of the House of Peers of the Japanese Diet. 
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19 Dec 1965 RELIGIOUS American missionary and apologist Francis Schaeffer wrote in a letter: 'God has given us rules not because He is arbitrary, but because the rules...are fixed in His own character... Thus, when we sin we break the law of God...in the direction of destroying what we really are.'
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