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History on the 26th of December

History
Date Text
26 Dec 1531 RELIGIOUS German reformer Martin Luther declared: 'The inner man is a saint; the outer man is a sinner. That is why we confess in the Creed that the church is holy but pray for forgiveness of sins in the Lord's Prayer.'
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26 Dec 1620 RELIGIOUS Plymouth Colony was settled by the "Mayflower" colonists. (In 1691 Plymouth joined other neighboring settlements to form the royal colony of Massachusetts.)
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26 Dec 1830 RELIGIOUS Birth of William Caven, Scottish_born Canadian Presbyterian leader. He taught at Knox College, in Toronto, the last 39 years of his life. Though staunchly conservative, Caven was genuinely interested in social issues and thoroughly committed to missions.
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26 Dec 1887 RELIGIOUS Birth of Charles Brandon Booth, American social reformer and head of the Volunteers of America, 1949_58. Booth was the grandson of Salvation Army founder William Booth.
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26 Dec 1911 WW2 Hiroshi Nemoto was promoted to the rank of sub-lieutenant. 
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26 Dec 1918 WW2 USS Arizona participated in a fleet review in New York Harbor, New York, United States for US Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels. 
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26 Dec 1921 WW2 Vice Admiral Hisatsune Iida was named the commanding officer of the Mako naval port at Pescadores islands, Taiwan. 
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26 Dec 1936 WW2 Tetsuzo Iwamoto graduated from flight training and was promoted to the rating of airman 1st class. 
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26 Dec 1936 WW2 Chiang Kiashek traveled from Xi'an to Nanjing in China. 
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26 Dec 1936 WW2 He Yingqin welcomed Chiang Kaishek's arrival after the conclusion of the Xi'an Incident at the airport of Nanjing, China. 
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26 Dec 1937 WW2 Chinese seaplane tender Zhenhai was sunk as a blockship in Qingdao harbor, Shandong Province, China. 
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26 Dec 1938 WW2 Japanese bombers attacked Chongqing, China during the day; this was the first time the temporary capital was bombed during the daylight hours. 
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26 Dec 1939 WW2 The first Royal Australian Air Force personnel arrived by boat at Pembroke, Wales, United Kingdom for anti-submarine duty in Sunderland flying boats with No. 10 Squadron. 
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26 Dec 1939 WW2 Finnish 9th Division received artillery support and began bombarding the Soviet 163rd Division trapped in Suomussalmi, Finland. Elsewhere in the Taipale sector, Finnish and Soviet troops fought near the village of Kelja at the Suvanto River; Finnish artillery and batteries at Kekinniemi fort stopped Russian advances, but two Finnish attempts at advancing were similarly stopped. 
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26 Dec 1940 WW2 Australian destroyer HMAS Waterhen stopped Italian schooner Tireremo Diritto in the Mediterranean Sea between Bardia and Tobruk, Libya. After removing the crew, Waterhen sank Tireremo Diritto. 
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26 Dec 1940 WW2 British cruiser HMS Bonaventure intercepted German ship Baden 500 miles west of Cape Finisterre, Spain. Baden's crew abandoned the ship after setting scuttling charges to prevent capture; HMS Bonaventure then sank Baden with one torpedo. 
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26 Dec 1940 WW2 German submarine U-95 damaged British ship Waiotira with two torpedoes 300 miles south of Iceland at 2003 hours, but fled before she could deliver a fatal blow due to the arrival of three Allied destroyers. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 Despite that the Philippine capital of Manila was already declared an open city on 23 Dec 1941, Japanese bombing continued without interruption. Shortly after, US Navy Admiral Hart of the Asiatic Fleet departed Manila by submarine USS Shark for Soerabaja, Java. In Manila Bay, USS Peary was damaged by Japanese aircraft. Philippine naval defense vessels moved to the island of Corregidor at the mouth of Manila Bay, and 411 US Marines originally based at Cavite moved to Corregidor Island. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 US President Franklin Roosevelt signed a bill establishing the fourth Thursday in November as the Thanksgiving Day holiday in the United States. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 Soviet Kalanin Front attacked German 9th Army northwest of Moscow, Russia, aiming to penetrate between German Army Group North and Army Group Center. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 General Takashi Sakai, commander of Hong Kong Operation, paraded through Victoria, Hong Kong with the troops of the Japanese 38th Infantry Division. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 Erwin Rommel ordered the withdraw of tanks to Agedabia, Libya. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 223 British Commandos and 77 Norwegian troops landed on Moskenesøya in the Lofoten Islands in northern Norway in Operation Anklet, destroying a radio transmitter at Glåpen and capturing several prisoners. To the north in Vestfjord, British cruiser HMS Arethusa and destroyers HMS Somali, HMS Ashanti, and HMS Eskimo attacked and captured two Norwegian coastal ships and sank a German patrol boat; an Engima machine and code settings were captured aboard the patrol boat. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 German submarine U-559 damaged Polish troop transport Warszawa 20 miles east of Tobruk, Libya at 1429 hours with a torpedo, killing 4 crew members and 19 troops. 445 survivors were taken off by British corvette HMS Peony. At 1930 hours, U-559 struck again, sinking the damaged Warszawa. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 British submarine H31 became missing while on patrol in the Bay of Biscay; all 22 aboard were never heard from again. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 Dutch B-10 bombers from Samarinda, Dutch Borneo sank Japanese minesweeper W6 and collier Unyo Maru off Kuching, Sarawak, British Borneo. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 Two Japanese Type 97 flying boats were spotted over Rabaul, Bismarck Islands. Wirraway fighters were scrambled, but they were not fast enough to intercept. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 Anglo-Indian and Japanese troops clashed at Chemor, Malaya north of Ipoh. Later in the day, the Allies withdrew from Ipoh and fell back to Kampar 25 miles to the south. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 Soviet troops conducted an amphibious assault on the Kerch Peninsula in an attempt to relieve the siege of Sevastopol, Russia, landing 13,000 men of the Soviet 51st Army. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 Allied convoy PQ-7a departed Hvalfjörður, Iceland. Russian ship Kuzbass, straggler of Allied convoy QP-3, arrived at Iokanka, Russia under tow by Soviet icebreaker Fyodor Litke. 
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26 Dec 1941 WW2 American seaplane tender Tangier disembarked men of Battery B of the US Marines 4th Defense Battalion, ground echelon of Marine Fighter Squadron 221, and additional equipment including radar at Midway Atoll. These men and equipment were originally intended for Wake Atoll. 
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26 Dec 1942 WW2 A fire broke out on Tatsuta Maru, but it was quickly extinguished. 
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26 Dec 1942 WW2 Admiral Darlan was replaced as High Commissioner in French North Africa by Henri Giraud, who commanded the French army at the outbreak of the war, before being captured by the Germans, escaping and fleeing to Algeria. 
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26 Dec 1942 WW2 Brigadier General Francis P. Mulcahy, currently the commanding officer of the US 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing, relieved Brigadier General L. E. Woods as the commanding general of the Cactus Air Force on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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26 Dec 1942 WW2 As 15 US B-24 and 6 B-17 bombers began to take off from Port Moresby, Australian Papua to attack the Japanese base at Rabaul, New Britain, one of the bombers crashed at the end of the runway, blocking many of the bombers from launching. The aircraft that took off prior to the crash reached Rabaul and sank Italy Maru near Lakunai airfield, sank Tsurugisan Maru, and damaged destroyer Tachikaze (killing destroyer commanding officer Lieutenant Commander Yasumi HIrasata). 
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26 Dec 1942 WW2 Allied convoy JW-51B was hit by a major storm about half way between Bear Island and Jan Mayen island north of Norway; five ships lost contact with the convoy. 
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26 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Wahoo arrived at Brisbane, Australia, ending her second war patrol. 
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26 Dec 1942 WW2 Japanese aircraft from Rabaul, New Britain attacked Dobodura Airfield in Australian Papua, causing minimal damage. 
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26 Dec 1942 WW2 The Soviet law punishing those who were late to work for more than 20 minutes was made harsher; those who violated this law were now subjected to prison terms between two to five years. 
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26 Dec 1943 WW2 A Soviet offensive began in Ukraine. 
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26 Dec 1943 WW2 British cruiser HMS Belfast detected German battlecruiser Scharnhorst by radar 30 miles east of Allied convoy JW-55B at 0900 hours. Three British cruiser attacked, disabling Scharnhorst's fire control radar. Scharnhorst turned north to escape, and British Vice Admiral Robert Burnett chose not to give pursuit until 1200 hours, this time damaging Scharnhorst and receiving damage on HMS Norfolk. As Scharnhorst fled southward, she was intercepted by HMS Duke of York and other British warships at 1650 hours. Scharnhorst was surrounded by 1725 hours, overwhelmed and hit repeatedly. She was subsequently abandoned and sank at 1948 hours; 1,927 were killed during the combat and her sinking in what was later named Battle of North Cape. The British picked up only 36 survivors before fleeing the scene due to submarine threat. 
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26 Dec 1943 WW2 Claus von Stauffenberg made an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler with a bomb, but the mission was aborted when Hitler left early to return to Berchtesgaden in southern Germany to celebrate the holidays. 
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26 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Ray sank Japanese tanker Kyoko Maru in the Tioro Strait in the Dutch East Indies, hitting her with 5 of 6 torpedoes fired. 
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26 Dec 1943 WW2 The Allied assault on New Britain expanded with US 1st Marine Division landing near Cape Gloucester. 
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26 Dec 1943 WW2 Journalist Fred Hampton interviewed US Marine Corps fighter pilot Gregory Boyington at Barakoma Airfield on Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands. 
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26 Dec 1943 WW2 Indian troops captured Villa Grande, Italy. Canadian troops captured Ortona, Italy after repulsing a German counterattack. To the west, US troops captured Morello Hill, overlooking San Vittore. 
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26 Dec 1943 WW2 The Fletcher-class destroyer USS Brownson was sunk by a Japanese dive bomber off Cape Gloucester, New Britain, Bismarck Islands. 
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26 Dec 1944 WW2 US 83rd Infantry Division became part of the VII Corps of US First Army while being attached to the British 21st Army Group. 
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26 Dec 1944 WW2 US Third Army under George Patton relieved the besieged city of Bastogne, Belgium. 
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26 Dec 1944 WW2 William Slim transferred 19th Division and 268th Armored Brigade from the Indian 4th Corps to the Indian 33rd Corps to hide from Japanese intelligence the fact that the 4th Corps was about to secretly move through the Gangaw Valley along the Myittha River for Meiktila, Burma. A fake 4th Corps headquarters was also to be set up at Tamu. 
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26 Dec 1944 WW2 Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz held an official court of inquiry aboard destroyer tender USS Cascade at Ulithi, Caroline Islands over the losses during Typhoon Cobra. No conclusions would be made on this date. 
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26 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Wasp arrived at Ulithi, Caroline Islands. 
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26 Dec 1944 WW2 Soviet armies surrounded Budapest, beginning a siege on the Hungarian capital that would last 102 days. More than a million civilians were trapped in the city during the fighting. By the time the city surrendered in Apr 1945, the Russians had lost 80,000 troops killed and 240,000 wounded; the Germans and Hungarians 38,000 dead and 62,000 wounded; 38,000 civilians had perished. 
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26 Dec 1944 WW2 Two Italian divisions and three German battalions launched an offensive in Toscana, Italy, capturing several towns and villages. On the same day, 19th Infantry Brigade of Indian 8th Infantry Division began to arrive in the region. 
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26 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Segundo sailed through rough seas with crests up to 40 feet. A particularly large wave crashed over the submarine unexpectedly, and the great amount of water that got in damaged both master and auxiliary compasses. 
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26 Dec 1944 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit Islington, London, England, United Kingdom at 2126 hours, killing 68 and seriously injuring 99. The rocket left two craters, one 40 feet wide and 12 feet deep, the other 10 feet wide and 4 feet deep. 
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26 Dec 1945 WW2 Chen Shaokuan was relieved of his duty as the supreme command of the Chinese Navy. 
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26 Dec 1945 WW2 USS Sunfish was decommissioned from service at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, United States. 
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26 Dec 1970 RELIGIOUS American missionary and apologist Francis Schaeffer wrote in a letter: 'We can fail after we are truly Christians because becoming a Christian does not rob us of our true humanity.'
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25th December 27th December
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