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History on the 29th of December

History
Date Text
29 Dec 1223 RELIGIOUS Pope Honorius III formally approved the Franciscan religious order. Properly called the Order of the Friars Minor, this Catholic order was founded in 1209 by St. Francis of Assisi.
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29 Dec 1841 RELIGIOUS Howard College was chartered in Marion, Alabama, under Baptist sponsorship. The campus relocated to Birmingham in 1887.
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29 Dec 1849 RELIGIOUS The Christmas hymn by Edmund Sears, "It Came Upon a Midnight Clear," was first published in "The Christian Register." Sears' carol features the American emphasis in Christian living, that is, the social message of "peace on earth, good will toward men."
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29 Dec 1876 RELIGIOUS Popular American hymnwriter Philip P. Bliss, 38, died when the train in which he and his wife were riding plunged off a bridge into a ravine 60 feet below. Bliss had penned such enduring hymns as: "Wonderful Words of Life, "Let the Lower Lights Be Burning," "I Will Sing of My Redeemer" and "I Gave My Life for Thee."
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29 Dec 1930 WW2 Captain William Rea Furlong was named the commanding officer of USS Marblehead, replacing Captain Ralph A. Koch. 
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29 Dec 1934 WW2 Japan renounced the Naval Treaties of 1922 and 1930. 
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29 Dec 1934 WW2 Karl von Le Suire was awarded the Honor Cross of the World War 1914-1918. 
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29 Dec 1937 WW2 Spanish General Franco ordered Generals José Varela and Antonio Aranda to mount a counter-attack to relieve the defenders at Teruel, who were surrounded by Spanish Republican forces. Appalling winter weather, however, hampered their advance, although this move nearly placed the Republicans in a siege situation themselves. 
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29 Dec 1937 WW2 Soryu was commissioned into service. 
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29 Dec 1938 RELIGIOUS In Tambaram, South India, the second world meeting of the International Missionary Council closed at Madras Christian College (having opened Dec. 12th). It was afterward called the IMC's Tambaram Conference.
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29 Dec 1939 WW2 Soviet 163rd Division, trapped in the Finnish village of Suomussalmi for the past 22 days, began evacuating on an ice road over Lake Kiantajärvi; troops of the Finnish 9th Division attacked the rearguard. Meanwhile, in Moscow, Russia, Stalin endorsed Chief of Staff Shaposhnikov's plan for a major attack on Finnish forces on the Karelian Isthmus; Semyon Timoshenko volunteered to lead the offensive as the disgraced Kirill Meretskov was demoted to the commander of the Soviet 7th Army. 
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29 Dec 1939 WW2 The prototype Consolidated XB-24 heavy bomber made its maiden flight from Lindbergh Field, San Diego, California, United States. 
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29 Dec 1940 WW2 Greek submarine Proteus attacked Italian ships Sardegna, Italia, and Piemonte 40 miles east of Brindisi, Italy, sinking Sardegna. Escort torpedo boat Antares dropped 11 depth charges, forcing Proteus to the surface, which was then rammed and sunk by Antares, killing the entire crew of 48. 
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29 Dec 1940 WW2 In Libya, British aircraft bombed Bardia and airfields at Tobruk, Derna, and Benina. Meanwhile, troops of Australian 6th Division rehearsed attacks on defensive positions similar to those at Bardia. 
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29 Dec 1940 WW2 US President Roosevelt broadcasted a fireside chat, urging the country to increase production in preparation for war, but also promising to keep the United States out of the fighting. 
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29 Dec 1940 WW2 244 German Luftwaffe bombers dropped 30,000 incendaries on the historic city center of London, England, United Kingdom, destroying the London Guildhall and eight Wren churches. St. Paul's Cathedral, however, was saved by clergymen who successfully prevented the flames on the roof from spreading. In the aftermath the Government ordered that "fire-watchers" be stationed on all factories, offices, and shops to act as spotters to provide early warning. This order proved to be very unpopular with Trade Unions. 
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29 Dec 1940 WW2 In his broadcast to the American nation, President Franklin Roosevelt declared that the United States would not be deflected, by Axis threats, from its policy of providing Great Britain and her Allies with all possible aid short of war. He further declared that the risk of war would not deter America in the slightest degree, and that victory by those resisting aggression was of paramount interest to the United States, and that he was confident that the Axis powers would not win the war. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 The German Navy decided to send battleship Tirpitz to Norway on 10 Jan 1942 to tie down Allied naval resources in the North Atlantic. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 40 land-based bombers of the Japanese Navy 5th Air Group attacked Corregidor in the Philippine Islands for the first time. On Luzon island, Japanese Lingayen Force captured Cabanatuan, but American and Filipino forces held on to Tarlac to the west. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 USS Arizona was placed in ordinary status as she was inoperable. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese bombers struck Rangoon, Burma, destroying the railway station and dock facilities. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 British troops, Indian troops, and civilians from Kuching, British Borneo arrived at Singkawang II airfield in Dutch Borneo. The British and Indian troops were incorporated under Dutch command to bolster the airfield's defenses, while the civilians were sent further south to Pontianak to await further evacuation. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 In North Africa, No. 112 Squadron RAF received its first Kittyhawk fighters. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 Nachi departed Palau Islands. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 Japanese and Chinese troops clashed in northern Hunan Province, China. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 USS Astoria arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 Tenryu departed Roi, Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 The Soviet 44th Army landed 23,000 men and a battalion of tanks at Feodosiya to reinforce Sevastopol, Russia at 0350 hours. In response, General Hans von Sponeck ordered the German 46th Infantry Division to fall back, losing much heavy equipment in the process and against Adolf Hitler's "no retreat" order. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 While offloading troops at Sevastopol, Russia, Soviet cruiser Molotov was damaged in the stern by German artillery. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 Allied convoy QP-4 departed Arkhangelsk, Russia. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 Naka departed Takao, Taiwan. 
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29 Dec 1941 WW2 USS Pennsylvania arrived at San Francisco, California, United States for repairs. 
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29 Dec 1942 WW2 Onami was commissioned into service. 
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29 Dec 1942 WW2 USS S-35 arrived at Dutch Harbor, US Territory of Alaska, ending her fifth war patrol. 
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29 Dec 1942 WW2 After dark, Japanese submarines delivered 20 tons of supplies to Buna, Australian Papua. 
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29 Dec 1942 WW2 Raizo Tanaka was transferred to Singapore to recuperate from combat wounds suffered on 12 Dec 1942. 
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29 Dec 1942 WW2 USS Grayback was attacked by a Japanese submarine in the Pacific Ocean; all torpedoes missed. 
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29 Dec 1942 WW2 In the afternoon, prisoners Otto Küsel, Jan Baras, Mieczyslaw Januszewski, and Dr. Boleslaw Kuczbara escaped from Auschwitz Concentration Camp. Otto Küsel, a German Jew with horse cart driving responsibilities, loaded up four cabinets for transport with the other three hidden inside, reaching an open field in the production area without being checked by SS guards due to the appearance of his usual duty. Mieczyslaw Januszewski came out, wearing a SS uniform and wielding a rifle, and sat next to Küsel. They left the camp after Januszewski produced a false SS identification. They made contact shortly after with the resistance group Polish Home Army. 
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29 Dec 1943 WW2 Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean were nominally returned under Indian control, though the Japanese retained heavy influence. 
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29 Dec 1943 WW2 Yahagi was commissioned into service. 
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29 Dec 1943 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho arrived at Saipan, Mariana Islands. Later on the same day she departed for Japan. 
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29 Dec 1943 WW2 British RAF dropped 2,000 tons of bombs on Berlin, Germany. 
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29 Dec 1943 WW2 USS Scorpion departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for her fourth war patrol. 
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29 Dec 1943 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: More of CASU-20 arrived. 19 aircraft (Model F4U), 19 officers and 25 men of Night Fighting Squadron 101 (VF(N)-101) arrived on board. 
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29 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Mingo arrived at Fremantle, Australia, ending her sixth war patrol. 
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29 Dec 1944 WW2 The Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds to the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross award was established in Germany. 
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29 Dec 1944 WW2 U-869 received the order to head to American waters southeast of New York City, New York, United States. 
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29 Dec 1944 WW2 Following the death of Sir John Dill, General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson was promoted Field Marshal, relieved as Supreme Commander in the Mediterranean, and appointed to Chief of the British Joint Staff Mission in Washington, United States. 
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29 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Gabilan departed Fremantle, Australia for her fourth war patrol. 
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29 Dec 1944 WW2 USS Marcus Island departed the Admiralty Islands. 
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29 Dec 1944 WW2 Indian troops advanced to make contact with Axis troops that had recently attacked in Toscana, Italy but seemed to have fallen back. 
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29 Dec 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze departed Moji, Japan to escort a troop convoy to Taiwan. 
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29 Dec 1944 WW2 Chechen rebel leader Khasan Israilov was betrayed by his own men and was killed. 
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29 Dec 1944 WW2 German V-2 rocket hit a house on Croham Valley Road, Croydon, London, England, United Kingdom, killing all occupants. 
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29 Dec 1945 WW2 Gilmore was decommissioned from service. 
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29 Dec 1945 WW2 Sergei Kruglov was named to replace Lavrentiy Beria as the head of the Soviet Internal Affairs Ministry (MVD). 
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29 Dec 1945 WW2 Joseph Stalin dismissed Aviation Industry Commissar Aleksei Shakhurin due to the incriminating information divulged by Marshal Sergei Khudyako under torture. 
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29 Dec 1945 WW2 Soviet Politburo approved Lavrentiy Beria's request to be dismissed as the head of NKVD; secretly, it was done so that he could focus on his new role in leading atomic weapons research. 
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29 Dec 1949 WW2 Khabarovsk War Crime Trials concluded with all 12 accused members of the Japanese Kwantung Army found guilty and given prison sentences. 
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