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History on the 23rd of May

History
Date Text
23 May 1633 RELIGIOUS By French edict, only Catholic settlers were permitted permanent residence within the country known as New France (called "Canada" today), thus ending 30 years of attempted colonization by Huguenots (Protestants).
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23 May 1862 RELIGIOUS Birth of Hermann Gunkel, the German Protestant biblical scholar who pioneered the analytical approach to understanding Scripture afterward known as "form criticism." Gunkel applied its formulas primarily to the Old Testament, in his commentaries on Genesis (1901) and on the Psalms (1926-28).
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23 May 1889 RELIGIOUS Birth of Mary Susanne Edgar, a Canadian YWCA leader who wrote a number of hymns during her years of leading a Christian camping ministry with girls. Her best-remembered hymn: "God, Who Touchest Earth with Beauty."
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23 May 1903 RELIGIOUS Death of American Congregational missionary Henry Blodget, 78. He served 40 years in China (1854-94), and helped translate the New Testament into the colloquial Mandarin language of Peking.
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23 May 1910 WW2 Kichisaburo Nomura was made a naval attaché to Germany. 
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23 May 1910 WW2 Prince Hiroyasu arrived in Japan. 
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23 May 1916 WW2 George Patton was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. 
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23 May 1918 WW2 The British War Cabinet decided to despatch a 560-man force to Arkhangelsk in northern Russia, whose task it would be to train Russian forces in the area and to reorganize the Czech Corps making its way northwards from the Ukraine. In addition it was proposed to reinforce the Marines at Murmansk, Russia with a force of 600 infantry, machine-gunners and engineers under the command of Major General Sir Charles Maynard. 
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23 May 1926 RELIGIOUS Birth of Wilbur Nelson, Christian broadcast personality and for many years the host of "The Morning Chapel Hour," a radio ministry originating in Paramount, California.
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23 May 1927 WW2 Roderick Carr and L. E. M. Gillmann's attempt to fly non-stop from Britain to India failed as they ran out of fuel and had to ditch their aircraft in the Persian Gulf near Bandar Abbas, Iran. Despite the failure, they would achieve a world record for flight distance, however. 
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23 May 1932 WW2 Emperor Showa granted Yoshinori Shirakawa words of encouragement as Shirakawa lay wounded in a hospital in Shanghai, China. 
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23 May 1934 WW2 Bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were killed in a shoot out in Bienville Parish, Louisiana, United States. 
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23 May 1938 WW2 German Ambassador Herbert von Dirksen in London, England, United Kingdom noted that Germany had no intention of military aggression over Czechoslovakia. 
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23 May 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler held a long speech before his top military commanders, starting by noting Danzig as a means to engage Poland in a war to gain Lebensraum ("living space") for the German people, and then digressing to note the possibility of war with Britain and France, the need to occupy the Low Countries for their airfields, and strategies for a war in western Europe and the Atlantic. 
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23 May 1939 WW2 The Soviet Air Force transferred 35 I-15bis fighters from the 22nd Fighter Aviation Regiment (IAP) to the Russian-Mongolian border area. 
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23 May 1939 WW2 Chinese troops captured Suixian, Hubei Province, China. 
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23 May 1939 WW2 USS Squalus sank off the Isles of Shoals in northeastern United States due to the failure of the main induction valves, which flooded the aft portions of the ship. 26 were killed from drowning, 33 were rescued. 
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23 May 1940 WW2 German submarine U-9 torpedoed and sank captured (by Belgium on 10 May) German steamer Sigurd Faulbaum 15 miles northeast of Zeebrugge, Belgium. 
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23 May 1940 WW2 The German 6th Army crossed the Scheldt River in Belgium. In France, British General Lord Gort withdrew his troops from Arras despite being able to halt Rommel's momentum. Elsewhere, German 2nd Panzer Division attacked Boulogne while the German 1st Panzer Division's forward elements reached Calais. 
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23 May 1940 WW2 Submarine Marlin was laid down at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery in Maine, United States. 
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23 May 1940 WW2 Arrests began for British fascists across the United Kingdom as well as known IRA operatives in Northern Ireland. 
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23 May 1940 WW2 Oswald Mosley and 747 other British Union members were arrested (including ninety-six women including Lady Diana) and interned without charge. 
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23 May 1941 WW2 HMS Kelly commanded by Lord Louis Mountbatten, great grandson of Queen Victoria, was sunk 35 miles south Crete, Greece at 0800 hours, shortly a bombardment mission; 181 were killed, 297 survived. On the island itself, bitter fighting continued. During the day, German reinforcements arrived at Maleme airfield, but the attempts to land troops by sea were rebuffed. The Germans now controlled the west end of the island. On the same day, German bombing of Suda Bay sank 5 British motor torpedo boats. 
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23 May 1941 WW2 Battleship Bismarck sighted British cruiser Suffolk on her portside at 1922 hours, then cruiser Norfolk at 2030 hours. Her main battery fired at Norfolk but did not score any hits. At 2200 hours, Bismarck reversed course to chase Suffolk, but Suffolk would be able to escape. 
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23 May 1941 WW2 Adolf Hitler issued Directive 30 to send forces to aid Iraq in its war against the British. At Fallujah, Iraq, fighters of the German Fliegerführer Irak squadron strafed British positions. 
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23 May 1941 WW2 German battleship Bismarck and cruiser Prinz Eugen were spotted by British cruisers HMS Suffolk and HMS Norfolk in the Denmark Strait at 1922 hours. Bismarck forced the British cruisers to back off with her guns, but the cruisers would follow at a safer distance to report the German position. 
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23 May 1941 WW2 German submarine U-38 sank Dutch ship Berhala 200 miles off Guinea, French West Africa at 2020 hours; 3 were killed, 59 survived. 
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23 May 1941 WW2 Grampus was commissioned into service. 
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23 May 1941 WW2 Hermann Göring ordered the plunder and destruction of Soviet industrial centers since the conquered Soviet population would be no more than low laborers for Germany. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 The British Commander-in-Chief of the Home Forces ordered an end to "blood-lust inculcation" in battle training. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 The United Stats Marine Corps established the Training Center, Fleet Marine Force at Marine Barracks, New River, North Carolina, United States. It was to include all Fleet Marine Force units and replacements except the 1st Marine Division. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 Japanese and Chinese troops clashed along the Hsipaw-Mogok road in northern Burma. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 German submarine U-432 sank British ship Zurichmoor 150 miles southeast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States just after 0000 hours, killing all 45 aboard. At 2200 hours, in the same general area, U-588 sank British ship Margot; 1 was killed, 44 survived. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 German submarine U-103 sank US tanker Samuel Q. Brown 100 miles east of Cozumel, Mexico at 0926 hours; 2 were killed, 53 survived. U-155 sank Panamanian ship Watsonville just off Saint Vincent island in the Lesser Antilles islands. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 Soviet submarine ShCh-205 sank Turkish merchant ship Safak off Burgas, Bulgaria; Safak was suspected of bringing arms for German troops fighting in Ukraine. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 US Navy intelligence officers determined that the Japanese fleet targeting Midway Atoll would likely depart on 26 May 1942. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 The close escort force for Allied convoy PQ-16 was reinforced by 4 corvettes, 2 submarines, and 1 anti-aircraft vessel. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 Yamato arrived at Hashirajima island in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 I-168 departed Kure, Japan on her second war patrol in the Midway area. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 Tenryu arrived at Maizuru, Japan. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down two Baltimore bombers over Tobruk, Libya at 0720 and 0730 hours. 
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23 May 1942 WW2 German 14th Division and 16th Panzer Division, moving northward, and German 3rd Panzer Division and 23rd Panzer Division, moving southward, linked up, thus completing the encirclement of the Soviet 6th Army and 57th Army at Izium, Ukraine. In the same area, German troops captured Chepel to prevent the Soviet 38th Army from attacking the eastern side of the newly formed encirclement. 
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23 May 1943 WW2 New Jersey was commissioned into service. 
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23 May 1943 WW2 The US 22nd Marine Regiment was detached from the 3rd Marine Brigade and was moved to Tutuila, Samoa. 
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23 May 1943 WW2 A British Fleet Air Arm Swordfish launched from the escort carrier HMS Archer sank the German submarine U-572 with a rocket attack. 
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23 May 1943 WW2 13th Bomb Squadron (flying B-25 aircraft) of USAAF 3rd Bombardment Group was transferred from Port Moresby to Dobodura Airfield, Australian Papua. 
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23 May 1943 WW2 USS Sunfish conducted a reonnaissance mission at Anguar, Palau Islands. 
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23 May 1943 WW2 Pang Bingxun was installed as the commander of the 24th Army Group of the Japanese puppet government in Nanjing, China. 
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23 May 1943 WW2 Battleship Musashi arrived at Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan, disembarking Isoroku Yamamoto's ashes. 
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23 May 1943 WW2 Submarine Dorado was launched at Groton, Connecticut, United States, sponsored by the wife of Ezra G. Allen. 
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23 May 1943 WW2 USS Snook arrived at Midway Atoll, ending her first war patrol. 
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23 May 1944 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Singapore. 
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23 May 1944 WW2 Muriel Byck passed away. 
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23 May 1944 WW2 General Hans Cramer, last commander of the German Afrika Korps, was repatriated due to ill health; before he departed Britain, he was shown evidence of the massive Allied build-up, but was misinformed as to the location of these forces; when he was later debriefed in Berlin, Germany, this misinformation helped deceive the Germans as to the actual target of the invasion. On the same day Cramer was repatriated, a single USAAF B-24 bomber ("Lorelei" 41-29300), escorted by eight P-51 fighters, loaded with the new top-secret Azon bombs successfully destroyed four bridges leading into Normandie, France; Lieutenant Colonel F. M. O'Neil (commanding officer of 753rd Squadron) and Captain Fred DeNeffe were the mission pilots; the entire crew was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. 
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23 May 1944 WW2 USS Ray fired ten torpedoes at two radar contacts south of the Philippine Islands, sinking one ship and damaging another with six torpedo hits. 
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23 May 1944 WW2 USS Cero attacked a Japanese convoy off the Palau Islands, sinking a freighter and damaging a tanker, hitting them with 4 of 6 torpedoes fired. 
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23 May 1944 WW2 Troops of Polish II Corps and Canadian 1st Infantry Division attacked Piedimonte, Italy. 
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23 May 1944 WW2 Three US and two British divisions launched a new assault out of the Anzio, Italy beachhead at dawn, inflicting heavy casualties on German formations but also suffering similarly. 
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23 May 1944 WW2 USS Permit damaged a Japanese ship in the Pacific Ocean with her deck gun. 
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23 May 1944 WW2 Four trains arrived at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland with 12,674 Hungarian Jews (3,023 from Viseu de Sus (Felsovisó), 3,272 from Nyiregyháza, 3,269 from Mukacevo (Munkács), and 3,110 from Oradea (Nagyvárad)). 5 women were registered into the camp; 12,669 were sent to the gas chambers. 
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23 May 1944 WW2 USS Parche arrived at Midway Atoll, ending her first war patrol. 
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23 May 1945 WW2 USS Sargent Bay completed repairs and arrived in Okinawa. 
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23 May 1945 WW2 Himmler committed suicide at Lüneburg, Germany. 
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23 May 1945 WW2 Members of the German High Command and the Provisional Government were taken into custody and imprisoned. 
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23 May 1945 WW2 The Allies dissolved Karl Dönitz's government. 
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23 May 1945 WW2 USS Ray sank 4 small Japanese vessels west of Japan with her deck gun. 
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23 May 1945 WW2 525 American B-29 bombers conducted a raid on Tokyo, Japan. 
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23 May 1945 WW2 Allied convoy RA-67, the last outgoing Allied arctic convoy, departed the Kola Inlet near Murmansk, Russia. 
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23 May 1945 WW2 In Westminster, London, England, United Kingdom, British Prime Minister Churchill resigned and formed a caretaker administration in which the Labour Party refused to serve. 
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23 May 1946 WW2 Chinese Nationalist troops captured Changchun, Jilin Province, China. 
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23 May 1946 WW2 Allied repatriation ship Hikawa Maru arrived at Samarinda, Borneo and departed later on the same day. 
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23 May 1946 WW2 Soviet Major General of Justice Nikolai Zorya was found killed in his hotel room with a gunshot wound to his head. 
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23 May 1947 WW2 The British divided India into India and Pakistan. 
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23 May 1948 WW2 USS Chub was decommissioned from service at Izmir, Turkey and was transferred to the Turkish Navy. 
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23 May 1948 WW2 USS Brill was decommissioned from service and was transferred to Turkey, which commissioned her as submarine Inönü. 
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23 May 1948 WW2 USS Boarfish was decommissioned from service at Izmir, Turkey and was struck from the US Navy Register. On the same day, she was transferred to Turkey and was recommissioned under the new name of Sakarya (S-332). 
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23 May 1949 WW2 Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, the constitution of West Germany, came into effect. 
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