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History on the 23rd of June

History
Date Text
23 Jun 1415 RELIGIOUS Bohemian reformer and martyr Jan Hus wrote in a letter: 'It is difficult to...esteem it all joy in various temptations. It is easy to talk about...but difficult to fulfill it.'
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23 Jun 1683 RELIGIOUS English Quaker William Penn signed his famous treaty with the Indians of Pennsylvania. Voltaire once remarked that it was the only treaty never sworn to, and never broken.
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23 Jun 1738 RELIGIOUS Birth of Samuel Medley, English Baptist clergyman and author of the hymn, 'O Could I Speak the Matchless Worth.'
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23 Jun 1775 RELIGIOUS Anglican hymnwriter John Newton wrote in a letter: 'True religion is not a science of the head so much as an inward and heartfelt perception.... Here the learned have no real advantage over the ignorant.'
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23 Jun 1912 WW2 Alan Turing was born in Maida Vale, London, England, United Kingdom. 
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23 Jun 1915 WW1 Begin of First Battle of the Isonzo
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23 Jun 1916 WW2 Victor Emmanuel Chapman, flying with the Escadrille Lafayette volunteer group, became the first American pilot to be killed in action when he was shot down near Verdun, France. 
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23 Jun 1918 WW2 British Major General Maynard and his command arrived at Murmansk, Russia after a 5-day journey from Britain. 
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23 Jun 1924 WW2 Joseph Rochefort requested transfer to Mare Island Naval Shipyard at Vallejo, California, United States, noting that its proximity to the University of California would allow him to take Japanese language courses; the request would be denied. 
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23 Jun 1932 WW2 Tatsuta Maru departed Yokohama, Japan with some of the athletes participating in the 1932 Olympics. 
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23 Jun 1933 WW2 Hermann Göing issued a police directive to suppress all activities of the Social Democratic Party, including meetings and press, and ordered confiscation of all its property. 
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23 Jun 1936 WW2 Franklin Roosevelt was nominated for second term as US President at the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. 
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23 Jun 1938 WW2 US President Roosevelt approved a measure which specified the size of the active list of the US Marine Corps to be 2% of the active US Navy enlisted men. This act slightly increased the authorized strength of the US Marine Corps from 27,400 to 27,497. 
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23 Jun 1938 WW2 Sir Henry Self, Contracts director at the British Air Ministry, signed a order with Lockheed for 175 Model B14 Hudson aircraft with a provision for a maximum of 250 by December 1939. It was the largest British military order placed with a US Company to date. 
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23 Jun 1939 WW2 Martin Bormann issued a secret order to the German Minister of Education to suppress Divinity Schools. 
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23 Jun 1939 WW2 Pope Pius XII reached an agreement with Brazilian President Getúlio Vargas for Brazil to issue 3,000 visas to allow non-Aryan Catholics, some of whom were Jews recently converted to Catholicism to escape prosecution, to travel to Brazil. Ultimately, however, only under 1,000 visas would be issued. 
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23 Jun 1939 WW2 The country of Siam was officially renamed Thailand. 
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23 Jun 1939 WW2 Hermann Göring headed up the Reich Defense Council in Germany to plan for total mobilization of the country for war. Minister of Economics Walther Funk offered the idea of using future prisoners of war as forced laborers, while SS chief Heinrich Himmler offered his prisoners in concentration camps for the same propose. 
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23 Jun 1940 WW2 Battleship Bismarck entered floating drydock No. V-VI to install propellers and the MES magnetic system. 
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23 Jun 1940 WW2 Using information from Italian submarine Galileo Galilei (captured on 19 Jun), British sloop HMS Shoreham located Italian submarine Evangelista Torricelli and forced her to surface with depth charges. Evangelista Torricelli engaged three British destroyers, HMS Kandahar, HMS Kingston, and HMS Khartoum, with her deck gun, but was sunk near Perim Island at the mouth of the Red Sea. Later in the day, HMS Khartoum was badly damaged when one of her own torpedoes explodes on deck, killing one. Khartoum was beached on Perim Island to prevent sinking, but she would eventually be declared lost. 
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23 Jun 1940 WW2 French Army Commander-in-Chief General Maxime Weygand expelled Charles de Gaulle from the French Army. 
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23 Jun 1940 WW2 German submarine U-99, damaged on 21 Jun by German battlecruiser Scharnhorst in a friendly fire incident, was en route to Wilhelmshaven, Germany for repairs when she was bombed by friendly aircraft twice on this date; she suffered only minor additional damage. 
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23 Jun 1940 WW2 The German ambassador in Spain noted that the Duke of Windsor, the former King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, was traveling through Portugal. 
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23 Jun 1940 WW2 Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov sent German Ambassador Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg a message noting that the Soviet Union would like to gain Bessarabia and Bukovina from Romania. This greatly alarmed the German OKW as the German military was dependent on Romania as a source of oil and fodder. 
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23 Jun 1940 WW2 The British Long Range Desert Patrol (later to become the Long Range Desert Group) was formed under the command of Major Ralph Bagnold to undertake long-range reconnaissance patrols behind Italian lines in North Africa. 
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23 Jun 1940 WW2 Adolf Hitler arrived in Paris, France and did some sightseeing early in the morning; this would be his only visit to Paris. Although Germany and France had already signed an armistice, fighting between Italy and France continued while French delegates negotiated in Rome; General Huntzinger, who signed the German-French armistice at Compiègne on 22 Jun, was once again the a member of the French delegation. 
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23 Jun 1940 WW2 Destroyer USS Herbert departed Casablanca, French Morocco for to Lisbon, Portugal with American refugees. 
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23 Jun 1940 WW2 Portuguese police arrested American 30 sailors of light cruiser USS Trenton in a street brawl in Santo Amaro Oerias outside of Lisbon. Three Americans were injured during the arrest. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 Slovakia declared war on the Soviet Union. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 US Navy Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Stark ordered the 1st Defense Battalion of the Fleet Marine Force of the US Marine Corps to be established at Wake Island as soon as possible. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 The German 6th Panzer Division encountered Soviet KV tanks for the first time at the Dubysa River in Lithuania. German General Reinhard was surprised to learn that the Soviet military possessed such a heavy tank, especially after learning that some German 105-millimeter shells were bouncing off the thick armor, and that some KV tanks had reportedly crushed German vehicles and guns by driving over them. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 The 5,000 man 1st Greek Brigade was established by the British in Palestine under the command of Colonel Ev. Antoniou. The Brigade (under Colonel Pafsanias Katsotas) would later see action in 1942 at El Alamein in Egypt as a part of the British 50th Division. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 German submarine U-144 sank Soviet submarine M-78 9 miles west of Vindava, Latvia at 0654 hours, killing all 15 aboard. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 Soviet destroyer Gnevniy hit a mine and sank off the island of Hiiumaa, Estonia. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 Soviet destroyer Bystryb hit a mine and sank in the Black Sea off Sevastopol, Russia. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 The Soviet Army armored counter attack near Tilsit, Ostpreußen, Germany (now Sovetsk, Russia) was beaten back. Meanwhile, German forces crossed the Bug River, penetrating 50 miles beyond the Soviet lines. From the air, German Luftwaffe aircraft destroyed another 1,200 Soviet aircraft on this day. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 German Gestapo leader Mueller issued directives to the Gestapo office in the city of Tilsit, Germany (now Sovetsk, Russia) to set up Einsatkommando Tilsit which would be responsible for killing Jews in Lithuania. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 Adolf Hitler arrived for the first time at his new secret Wolfsschanze (English: The Wolf's Lair) headquarters, which had been constructed in the Masurian woods near Rastenburg, Germany (now Ketrzyn, Poland). 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 Soviet submarines Ronis, Spidola, and S-1 were scuttled by their own crews at Libau, Latvia to prevent German capture. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 Light cruiser Voroshilov bombarded Constanza, Romania. 
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23 Jun 1941 WW2 The Southern Railway Central Station in London, England, United Kingdom, damaged by German bombing over the night of 21 to 22 Jun 1941, was cleared of debris and returned to full operational status. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Kwajalein, Marshall islands. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 Anxious to learn the secrets of the Luftwaffe's new Focke-Wulf 190 fighter, the British was planning a Commando-type raid to steal one from a French airfield. They were saved the trouble when disorientated German pilot Lieutenant Arnim Faber of 111/JG2 landed his Fw 190A-3 fighter at RAF Pembrey in South Wales, United Kingdom, mistaking it for an airfield in France. The captured aircraft was taken to the Air Fighting Development Unit at Duxford, England, United Kingdom where it was discovered, during trials, that the Fw 190A was superior in all respects except turning circle to the Spitfire VB then equipping most of RAF Fighter Command. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-159 sent a boarding to US tanker E. J. Sadler 175 miles south of Puerto Rico just after 0000 hours to scuttle the tanker which she had disabled at 2035 hours on the previous day. German submarine U-158 sank US Army transport Major General Henry Gibbins 400 miles west of Key West, Florida, United States; the entire crew of 47 and all 21 gunners survived, to be rescued on the following day. 40 miles south of South Pass, Louisiana, United States, U-67 sank US tanker Rawleigh Warner, killing all 33 aboard. In the Caribbean Sea, U-68 sank Panamanian tanker Arriaga 100 miles west of Aruba; 1 was killed, 24 survived. 200 miles east of Nicaragua, U-172 sank Colombian sailing boat Resolute with gunfire and hand grenades; 6 were killed, 4 survived. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 Commander Ryokichi Sugama was named the commanding officer of destroyer Yukikaze. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 German submarine U-84 sank Norwegian tanker Torvanger 540 miles west of the Azores islands; 4 were killed, 33 survived. 100 miles east of Grenada in the Antilles islands, U-128 sank a Norwegian tanker; all 38 aboard survived. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 British submarine HMS Thrasher sank Italian merchant vessel Sant Antonio in the Gulf of Sirte off Libya; Italian torpedo boat Perseo attempted a counterattack which failed to damage Thrasher. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 Tenryu arrived at Truk, Caroline Islands. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 Axis forces crossed the Libyan-Egyptian border and marched toward the Allied defensive positions at Mersa Matruh, Egypt 100 miles to the east, engaging units of the British 7th Armoured Division en route at Sollum. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 At Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii, Joseph Rochefort received a message from Admiral Ernest King to congratulate him on a job well done. There were no mention of any award of medals or other forms of recognition. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 Japanese hospital ship Hikawa Maru departed Yokosuka, Japan. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 Nachi arrived at Ominato Guard District, Mutsu, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 USAAF B-24D bombers of Halverson Provisional Detachment, temporarily based in Egypt while being prepared to transfer to China, attacked Axis positions at Benghazi, Libya. 
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23 Jun 1942 WW2 Agents of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, acting on information provided by defected saboteur George Dasch, located and arrested two German saboeurs in New York, New York, United States. 
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23 Jun 1943 WW2 All Jewish ghettos in the Galicia region of Poland and Ukraine were liquidated; 430,329 Jews were deported from this region. 
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23 Jun 1943 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze departed Truk, Caroline Islands to escort cruiser Nagara to Nauru. 
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23 Jun 1943 WW2 USS Harder attacked a Japanese transport south of Japan, hitting her with 1 of 4 torpedoes. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 German submarine U-530 and Japanese submarine I-52 made rendezvous in the mid-Atlantic 850 miles west of Cape Verde islands. U-530 transferred a Naxos radar detector, a radar operator, and a navigator to I-52. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Franklin departed Pearl Harbor. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Captain Michael Allmand of the Gurkha Rifles won the Victoria Cross after charging ahead of his troops three times to clear the way of enemy positions in northern Burma; on the third time, he was seriously wounded. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Over France, with two engines out and the fuselage on fire, Pilot Officer Andrew Mynarski, a Canadian gunner in a No. 419 Squadron Lancaster, was ordered to bale out. However, he saw that the rear gunner was trapped and tried to free him even though his own clothing and parachute were on fire. Hopelessly stuck, the rear gunner signaled to Mynarski that he should save himself. The Canadian gallantly stood to attention and saluted his comrade before jumping out. He was found by the French but died later of his terrible injuries. Amazingly, the gunner was thrown clear when the Lancaster crashed and survived, as did the other crew members who had jumped. When they returned and told their story after the war, Mynarski was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 In Burma, Tulbahadur Pun of the Gurkha Rifles won the Victoria Cross for single-handedly crossing 30 yards of open swampy ground under concentrated enemy fire to destroy a position that had virtually wiped out his section. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Corporal Sefanaia Sukanaivalu became the only Fijian to win the Victoria Cross during the fighting on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. After rescuing two wounded comrades he was hit in the groin whilst attempting to rescue a third. Unable to move and knowing that his comrades would not leave him whilst he remained alive, Sukanaivalu selflessly raised himself in full view of the enemy, and died in a hail of bullets. The award was made posthumously. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Finnish fighter pilot Hans Wind flying a Bf 109 fighter downed four aircraft in a single sorte. Over a ten day period in Jun 1944 he would account for 25 opponents from his final tally of 75 kills throughout the war. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Generaloberst Eduard Dietl of the German 20.Gebirgsarmee was killed in a plane crash. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Martti Aho was promoted to the rank of colonel. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Churchill, with misgivings, gave in to pressure from the Americans and sanctioned operation Anvil (the proposed US-French invasion of the south of France). Churchill called this a "Bleak and sterile exercise". 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Chindit and Japanese troops engaged in fierce fighting at Mogaung, Burma. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Light carrier Ryuho departed Okinawa, Japan. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Destroyer Yukikaze arrived at Guimarras, Philippine Islands. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Flying Fish set sail for Manus, Australian New Guinea. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 In the South China Sea, USS Flier continued to attack the same Japanese convoy which she had been pursuing since the previous day, sinking a transport with 3 of 4 torpedoes fired. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 In the Unite States, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives of the US Congress drafted a resolution that supported the War Refugee Board and promised retribution against those responsible for atrocities in occupied Europe (Hungary in particular). 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Two representatives (one Danish and one Swiss) of the International Red Cross and one representative of the Danish Red Cross visited Theresienstadt Concentration Camp in occupied Czechoslovakia for six hours; the prisoners gave them positive reports about the living conditions as they were instructed to do by the camp administration. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Parts of ARGUS-15, ARGUS-17, and ARGUS-23 departed. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 USS Wasp set sail for Eniwetok, Marshall Islands. 
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23 Jun 1944 WW2 A major deportation began at the Jewish ghetto at Lodz, Poland; through 14 Jul 1944, 7,196 would be sent to Chelmno Concentration Camp where they would be killed. 
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23 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Sargent Bay arrived at Leyte in the Philippine Islands for upkeep. 
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23 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Tunny made rendezvous with USS Skate in the Sea of Japan. 
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23 Jun 1945 WW2 The last organized Japanese defense was broken by Australian troops at Tarakan Island, Borneo. 
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23 Jun 1945 WW2 Joseph Stilwell accepted Douglas MacArthur's offer to make him the commanding officer of the 10th Army, which consisted of American, Canadian, Australian, and Indian troops. 
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23 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Spot set sail for the East China Sea. 
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23 Jun 1945 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Air Group 33 departed. 
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23 Jun 1945 WW2 USS Parche sank three small Japanese trawlers with her deck gun in the Tsugara Strait between Aomori Prefecture and Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. 
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23 Jun 1946 WW2 Sargent Bay was decommissioned from service. 
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23 Jun 1946 WW2 Allied repatriation ship Hikawa Maru departed Kure, Japan. 
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23 Jun 1967 RELIGIOUS Paul VI issued the encyclical 'Sacerdotalis Caelibatus,' reaffirming the Catholic Church's requirement of celibacy with the priesthood.
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