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History on the 27th of August

History
Date Text
27 Aug 1660 RELIGIOUS Following England's Restoration, books by poet John Milton were ordered burned because of his attacks on the monarchy. Milton had advocated an elder-ruled (presbyterian) church government over that of bishop-ruled (episcopal).
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27 Aug 1830 RELIGIOUS English churchman John Henry Cardinal Newman wrote in a letter: 'It is our great relief that God is not extreme to mark what is done amiss, that He looks at the motives, and accepts and blesses in spite of incidental errors.'
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27 Aug 1865 RELIGIOUS Rhenish missionary Ludwig I. Nommensen, 31, baptized four families of the Batak tribe in North Sumatra (Indonesia) the first to be converted to the Christian faith. Nommensen later established a theological training school and in 1878 completed a translation of the New Testament into the Batak language.
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27 Aug 1876 RELIGIOUS At age 13, future English clergyman G. Campbell Morgan preached his first sermon. He later grew to become one of the most famous expository preachers and writers of late 19th century England and America.
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27 Aug 1877 RELIGIOUS Birth of Lloyd C. Douglas, American Lutheran clergyman and religious novelist. Douglas published his first best-seller, "Magnificent Obsession," in 1929, followed later by "The Robe" (1942) and "The Big Fisherman" (1948).
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27 Aug 1918 WW2 Ann Baumgartner was born in Augusta, Georgia, United States. 
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27 Aug 1920 WW2 The defeated 4th Red Army, broken by the Poles at Grodno-Wolkowsysk, fled in disorder. 
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27 Aug 1923 WW2 Italian General Enrico Tellini and four companions were ambushed and assassinated in Greek territory by Albanian bandits. 
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27 Aug 1931 WW2 The Do X aircaft arrived in New York, United States. 
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27 Aug 1936 WW2 Porter was commissioned into service. 
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27 Aug 1937 WW2 USS S-31 arrived at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. 
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27 Aug 1939 WW2 Germany publicly announced that the annual Nazi Party rally in Nürnberg, Germany and the upcoming Tannenberg memorial event were both canceled. Additionally, the government announced the start of food, footwear, textile, and coal rations. 
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27 Aug 1939 WW2 German leader Adolf Hitler responded to the message from French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier from the previous day, noting that Germany had no intention of fighting France, so if France was to attack Germany due to the German-Poland situation, it would be a war initiated by France, and Germany could not be faulted for such a conflict; additionally, Hitler stressed that Germany had no territorial demands on the German-French border. Meanwhile, Hermann Göring's friend Birger Dahlerus, a Swedish national, attempted a parallel route to negotiate for peace. 
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27 Aug 1939 WW2 Adolf Hitler responded to Benito Mussolini's message from the previous day, noting that he accepted Italy's inability to participate in direct fighting should a German-Polish war broke out, but he would very much appreciate political (by means of threatening to entering the war, thus tying down French troops on the French-Italian border) and economic (by offering Italian workers for German industry and agriculture) support. 
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27 Aug 1939 WW2 Japanese 23rd Infantry Division attempted and failed to break out of the encircled village of Nomonhan, Mongolia Area, China. 
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27 Aug 1939 WW2 German Air Force Captain Erich Warsitz successfully took the prototype He 178 jet aircraft into the air, thus making it the first aircraft to fly using a turbojet engine. The test flight was conducted out of Rostock-Marienehe Airfield on the Baltic Sea coast. 
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27 Aug 1939 WW2 Helena was launched at New York Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York, United States, sponsored by Ms. Elinor Carlyle Gudger, granddaughter of Senator Thomas J. Walsh of Montana, United States. 
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27 Aug 1940 WW2 US President Roosevelt signed the joint resolution authorizing him to call Army Reserve components and National Guard into federal service for one year; meanwhile, at the US Congress, the legislation that allowed US Navy and US Marine Corps reserve aviators to be called up to active duty was enacted. On the same date, Roosevelt met with Secretary of the Navy Knox, Secretary of War Stimson, and Secretary of State Hull regarding a compromise that might persuade the opponents of the destroyers-for-bases exchange to back down. Subsequently, Roosevelt met with US Navy Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Stark, Secretary of the Navy Knox, Secretary of State Hull, and British Ambassador Lord Lothian to continue destroyers-for-bases discussions; Stark certified that the destroyers in question were available for British use without concerns of weakening US defense. Finally, Roosevelt received a ruling from Attorney General Robert H. Jackson which suggested that the destroyers-for-bases exchange was legal. Meanwhile, out at sea, German submarines continued to attack Allied shipping in the Atlantic Ocean. German submarine U-46 attacked British armed merchant cruiser Dunvegan Castle with three torpedoes 75 miles northwest of Ireland; 27 were killed and 250 were rescued by destroyer HMS Harvester and corvette HMS Primrose; Dunvegan Castle would sink on the following day. German submarine U-28 sank Norwegian ship Eva 200 miles northwest of Ireland at 1603 hours, killing 1. Finally, German submarine U-37 sank Greek ships Theodoros T. 300 miles west of Ireland at 2231 hours. 
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27 Aug 1940 WW2 German armed merchant cruiser Pinguin stopped British tanker British Commander off Madagascar at 0418 hours. Shortly after, she stopped Norwegian ship Morviken. Pinguin would imprison both crews and sink both ships by gunfire. 
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27 Aug 1940 WW2 Wilhelm Keitel revealed an invasion plan for Britain that featured four separate main landing sites. 
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27 Aug 1940 WW2 Caproni's C.C.2 prototype motorjet aircraft took its first flight. 
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27 Aug 1940 WW2 Bad weather limited the Germans to flying reconnaissance missions only over Britain during the day. Overnight, German bombers attacked industrial centers and RAF airfields. 
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27 Aug 1941 WW2 German 250th Infantry Division, consisted of Spanish volunteers, began to march on foot from the Polish-Lithuanian border toward Smolensk, Russia. 
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27 Aug 1941 WW2 The British government took over the control of railways for the duration of the war; the private owners and operators were to receive £43,000,000 per year as compensation. 
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27 Aug 1941 WW2 German submarine U-570 surfaced at 1050 hours in the Atlantic Ocean and was spotted by a British Hudson aircraft, which attacked the submarine with four 250-pound depth charges and returned for strafing. U-570 eventually surrendered; while awaiting the British to send a capture party, confidential papers and the cipher machine were dumped overboard. 
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27 Aug 1941 WW2 Reza Shah of Iran appointed Mohammad Ali Foroughi as the Prime Minister, who immediately began negotiations with the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom to end the hostilities. 
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27 Aug 1941 WW2 German submarine U-557 attacked Allied convoy OS-4 300 miles west of Ireland between 0125 and 0426 hours, sinking four ships. 
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27 Aug 1941 WW2 German submarine U-202 sank British trawler Ladylove off Iceland at 1435 hours, killing the entire crew of 14. 
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27 Aug 1941 WW2 The German Armeegruppe Nord captured Tallinn, Estonia. 
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27 Aug 1941 WW2 Paul von Kleist was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht daily radio report. 
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27 Aug 1941 WW2 Hans-Joachim Marseille shot down a Hurricane fighter near Gambut, Libya. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at Lourenço Marques, Portuguese East Africa (now Maputo, Mozambique). The nearly 1,000 interned Allied personnel aboard were exchanged with the British for Japanese diplomats and supplies. She also took on 48,818 Red Cross parcels meant for Allied prisoners of war currently in Japanese custody. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 9 USAAF P-40 fighters arrived at Henderson Field, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 Walter Krupinski received the German Cross in Gold medal. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 Oberstleutnant Ernst K¸hl was named the commanding officer of the German Kampfgeschwader 55 wing. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 British ship Empire Kumari, damaged by German submarine U-375 on the previous day, sank in Haifa Bay, Palestine. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarine U-156 sank British ship Clan MacWhirter 190 miles north of Madeira island at 0100 hours; 12 were killed, 74 survived. At 1348 hours, U-517 sank US passenger ship Chatham off Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Canada; 14 were killed, 548 survived. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 German submarine U-511 attacked Allied convoy TAW-15 with two torpedoes 15 miles east of Haiti at 0629 hours, sinking British tanker San Fabian (26 were killed, 33 survived), sinking Dutch tanker Rotterdam (10 were killed, 37 survived), and damaging US tanker Esso Aruba; Esso Aruba was beached at Guantanamo Bay to prevent sinking but she would later be repaired. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 HMS Umbra sank Italian transport Manfredo Campiero 30 miles west of Crete, Greece. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 8 Japanese dive bombers escorted by 12 Zero fighters attacked the Gili Gili airfield at Milne Bay, escorted by 12 Zero fighters, causing minimal damage; 1 Japanese aircraft was shot down by Australian Kittyhawk fighters. At 2000 hours, Japanese attacked Australian troops at Gama River on the Milne Bay coast, killing 43 and driving the Australians back. In land, along the Kokoda Track, Japanese troops made advances at Isurava and Australian 2/16th Battalion was dispatched from reserve to reinforce the defenses. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 A tractor factory in France, previously owned by French Jew Robert Rothschild, was turned over to German firm Friedrich Krupp AG. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 306 British bombers attacked Kassel, Germany, destroying 144 buildings, damaging 3 Henschel aircraft factories, killing 28 military personnel and 15 civilians, and wounding 64 military personnel and 187 civilians; 31 bombers were lost on this mission. On the same day, SOviet bombers attacked Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia). 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 US Marine Corps squadron VMF-214 took delivery of 12 F4F-3 Wildcat fighters while at Marine Corps Air Station Ewa in the US Territory of Hawaii. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 9 British Lancaster bombers attacked Graf Zeppelin at Gotenhafen, Germany (now Gdynia, Poland) with 5,550-pound bombs, causing no damage. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 In addition to being responsible for the defense of Stalingrad in southern Russia, Georgy Zhukov was appointed as Stalin's First Deputy Commissar for Defense. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 German 16th Panzer Division, out of fuel to move further, dug in north of Stalingrad, Russia to wait for the German 6th Army to catch up to reinforce its position. 16 miles south of Stalingrad, German 4th Panzer Division made slow progress due to heavy resistance near Lake Sarpa. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 As Soviet Volkhov Front attacked toward Leningrad Russia, Soviet 8th Army attacked outwards from within the city, briefly opening a small corridor. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 Admiral Scheer approached Port Dikson in northern Russia at 0105 hours, intending to attack the command center of the Soviet Northern Sea Route with a 180-man landing party, not knowing the port was well-defended with 50 NKVD troops, 300 militia, 2 anti-tank guns, 1 anti-aircraft gun, 1 750mm howitzer, and large caliber coastal guns. As Admiral Scheer approached to bombard, Soviet flagship Dezhnev was disabled at 0145 hours (7 were killed), followed by Soviet ship Revolutionary. To Admiral Scheer's surprise, 152mm coastal guns opened fire; although the Soviet coastal gun crews could not see through the thick smoke from Dezhnev and Revolutionary and could only fire in Admiral Scheer's general direction, it was enough to force Admiral Scheer to break off the attack. At the end of the engagement, Port Dikson saw its radio station, oil depot, coal storage, and power station damaged or destroyed. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 At Morozovskaya Airfield in southern Russia, Oberstleutnant Ernst Kühl took command of German Luftwaffe group KG 55, replacing Oberst Benno Kosch. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 German bombers attacked Leeds, England, United Kingdom in the late hours of the day, lasting until the next day. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 The keel of carrier Glory was laid down by Harland and Wolff at Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 Battleship Iowa was launched in Brooklyn, New York, United States, sponsored by Ilo Wallace, wife of Vice President Henry Wallace. 
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27 Aug 1942 WW2 The keel of submarine Dorado was laid down by the Electric Boat Company at Groton, Connecticut, United States. 
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27 Aug 1943 WW2 British Minister of Information Brenden Bracken announced that Rudolf Heß, "a Nazi of very low mentality", arrived in Britain in May 1941 to "find British Quislings to overthrow Churchill". 
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27 Aug 1943 WW2 Anzio was commissioned into service. 
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27 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Pollack attacked a Japanese convoy off Kyushu, Japan, sinking passenger-cargo ship Taifuku Maru with one of four torpedoes fired. She also fired two torpedoes at an escorting destroyer; both torpedoes missed. 
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27 Aug 1943 WW2 Adolf Hitler met with Erich von Manstein at the Wehrwolf headquarters in Ukraine. This was his final visit to this headquarters site. 
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27 Aug 1943 WW2 USS Iowa departed for Argentia, Newfoundland. 
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27 Aug 1943 WW2 Ivan Bagramyan was awarded the Order of Suvorov for the first time. 
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27 Aug 1943 WW2 Arthur Coningham was made Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit of the United States. 
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27 Aug 1943 WW2 The US Army 172nd Infantry Regiment crossed Hathorn Sound from New Geogia to Arundel Island in the Solomon Islands and captured Japanese artillery positions which had been shelling American positions at Munda Point, New Georgia. 
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27 Aug 1943 WW2 Elements of the US 2nd Marine Airdrome Battalion and US Navy Construction Battalion units arrived at Nukufetau Atoll in the Ellice Islands. 
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27 Aug 1943 WW2 Eleanor Roosevelt arrived at Auckland, New Zealand on the personal invitation of New Zealand Prime Minister Peter Fraser. She took an overnight train for Wellington, New Zealand. 
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27 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Mingo departed Fremantle, Australia for her fifth war patrol. 
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27 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Guitarro attacked three small Japanese tankers, firing two torpedoes while submerged (both missed) then surfaced to sink Nanshin Maru with the deck gun. 
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27 Aug 1944 WW2 The last of the Chindits left Burma. 
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27 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Pollack bombarded the Japanese phosphate plant at Fais Island, Caroline Islands. 
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27 Aug 1944 WW2 The last German troops in Toulon, France surrendered. 
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27 Aug 1944 WW2 Dwight Eisenhower and Omar Bradley made a visit to recently captured Paris, France. 
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27 Aug 1944 WW2 Princess Mafalda of the House of Savoy, wife of Prince Philipp of the House of Hesse, passed away from wounds suffered from Allied bombing at Buchenwald Concentration Camp near Weimar, Germany, where she was imprisoned. 
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27 Aug 1944 WW2 Albert Kesselring noted that the recent Allied attack on the eastern end of the Gothic Line in Italy could be a diversion, thus he decided to hold on to his reserves. 
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27 Aug 1944 WW2 USS Ticonderoga completed her first overhaul at Norfolk, Virginia, United States. 
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27 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Iowa arrived at Sagami Bay, Japan. 
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27 Aug 1945 WW2 Lavrentiy Beria added more names to the list of possible German leaders to be sent to Nuremberg, Germany to stand trials; the previous list had been prepared by Vyacheslav Molotov's foreign ministry several days prior. Beria's additions included Erich Raeder, Martin Mutschmann, Friedrich Gustav Bernhardt, Hilmar Moser, Johann Georg Richert, Wilhelm Robert Oksmann, Hans Julius Traut, Günther Walter Klammt, and Friedrich Jeckeln. 
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27 Aug 1945 WW2 He Yingqin began an inspection tour of several Chinese cities including Xi'an, Shaanxi Province and Nancheng, Jiangxi Province to oversee the Japanese surrender process. 
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27 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Macabi arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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27 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Spot departed Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii for San Diego, California, United States. 
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27 Aug 1945 WW2 Barbers Point Naval Air Station: Air Group 36 departed. 
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27 Aug 1945 WW2 USS Saint Paul arrived in Sagami Wan southwest of Tokyo, Japan. 
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27 Aug 1945 WW2 I-400 was spotted in the Pacific Ocean by US Navy pilot Lieutenant Robert Mahoney flying a TBM Avenger aircraft. Commander Toshio Kusaka attempted to speed up to escape, but ultimately was ordered by his superiors to cooperate. 
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27 Aug 1945 WW2 The Maruyama Temporary Prisoners of War Camp in Taihoku (now Taipei), Taiwan was opened. 
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27 Aug 1946 WW2 The trial against Amon Göth at the Supreme National Tribunal of Poland began. 
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27 Aug 1946 WW2 Louis Mountbatten was made Viscount Mountbatten of Burma. 
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27 Aug 1949 WW2 Li Mi was ordered to move Chinese 8th Corps to Yunnan Province, China. 
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