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History on the year of 1931

History
Date Text
02 Jan 1931 WW2 HMS Hermes arrived at Hong Kong. 
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03 Jan 1931 WW2 Marshal Joseph Joffre, the former French Commander-in-Chief (1914-1916), passed away. 
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05 Jan 1931 WW2 USS R-1 departed San Diego, California, United States. 
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08 Jan 1931 WW2 HMS Eagle departed Malta. 
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15 Jan 1931 WW2 Louisville was commissioned into service. 
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16 Jan 1931 WW2 Seiji Tsukamoto succeeded Masahiro Ota as the Governor-General of Kwantung Leased Territory in northeastern China. 
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16 Jan 1931 WW2 Masahiro Ota was named the governor-general of Taiwan. 
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21 Jan 1931 WW2 Sir Isaac Isaacs became the first Australian-born Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. 
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26 Jan 1931 WW2 Production of T-26 light tanks began in Bolshevik Factory in Leningrad, Russia. 
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27 Jan 1931 WW2 Pierre Laval became the 101st Prime Minister of France. 
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28 Jan 1931 WW2 USS R-5 transited the Panama Canal. 
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30 Jan 1931 WW2 Augusta was commissioned into service. 
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31 Jan 1931 WW2 Ernst Ziehm became the President of the Senate of Danzig. 
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01 Feb 1931 WW2 Hugo Sperrle was promoted to the rank of Oberstleutnant. 
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01 Feb 1931 WW2 Henry Arnold was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. 
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05 Feb 1931 WW2 Malcolm Campbell broke the World land speed record by achieving 246.09 miles per hour at Daytona Beach, Florida, United States. For this achievement he would be knighted by King George V on his return to Southampton, England, United Kingdom. 
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09 Feb 1931 WW2 USS R-1 arrived at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. 
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09 Feb 1931 WW2 USS R-5 arrived at New London, Connecticut, United States. 
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13 Feb 1931 WW2 New Delhi became the capital of India. 
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13 Feb 1931 WW2 The T-27 tankette was accepted into Soviet service. 
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13 Feb 1931 WW2 The first T-26 light tanks entered Soviet military service. 
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14 Feb 1931 WW2 Spanish Prime Minister Dámasco Berenguer resigned and was succeeded by Admiral Aznar-Cabañas. 
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20 Feb 1931 WW2 Kumulik Uygurs rebelled against warlord of Xinjiang Jin Shuren in western China. 
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20 Feb 1931 WW2 The keel of light cruiser Ninghai was laid down by Harima Dock Company, Limited of Japan. 
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23 Feb 1931 WW2 USS S-28 arrived at Pearl Harbor, US Territory of Hawaii. 
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01 Mar 1931 WW2 USS Arizona completed her modernization and was placed in full commission status. 
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02 Mar 1931 WW2 Lin Sen was made the head of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China. 
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03 Mar 1931 WW2 The US Congress formally adopted "The Star Spangled Banner" as the US national anthem. 
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04 Mar 1931 WW2 Colbert was commissioned into service. 
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05 Mar 1931 WW2 Gandhi reached agreement with Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, which would end the civil disobedience campaign in return for a round table conference to decide constitutional reform in India. 
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09 Mar 1931 WW2 Cruiser USS Chicago (CA-29) was commissioned into service with Captain Manley Hale Simons in command. 
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19 Mar 1931 WW2 USS Arizona embarked US President Herbert Hoover and departed Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States for a trip to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. 
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19 Mar 1931 WW2 The keel of Algérie was laid down at Brest, France. 
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28 Mar 1931 WW2 The 2MR8 aircraft took its first flight. 
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29 Mar 1931 WW2 USS Arizona arrived at Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States and disembarked US President Herbert Hoover. She departed for Rockland, Maine, United States later on the same day to perform post-modernization trials. 
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31 Mar 1931 WW2 A serious air crash occurred at Bazaar, Kansas, United States. Among those killed as a result of structural failure in the Atlantic-built Fokker F.10A was Knute Rockne, coach of the Notre Dame football team. The resuting publicity led to TWA withdrawing their entire Fokker fleet and the F.10A was to become the first aircraft type to be officially grounded by the US Department of Commerce. 
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01 Apr 1931 WW2 Werner Mölders joined the German Army as an officer cadet. 
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01 Apr 1931 WW2 A SA rebellion led by Walther Stenners briefly overturned the National Socialist leadership in Berlin, Germany, only to be swept aside by an emotional appeal by Hitler for the need for party loyalty. 
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01 Apr 1931 WW2 Wolfgang Falck began a year-long training program to become a commercial pilot at Schleissheim, München-Oberbayern, Germany. 
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01 Apr 1931 WW2 USS R-5 was assigned to US Submarine Division 4. 
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14 Apr 1931 WW2 The Spanish Republic was proclaimed and was recognized by western nations; King Alfonso XIII of Spain fled into exile. 
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01 May 1931 WW2 USS R-1 was decommissioned from service. 
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01 May 1931 WW2 President Hoover officially opened the Empire State Building in New York City in the United States. 
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11 May 1931 WW2 The Credit-Anstalt (Austria's biggest bank; owned by the Rothschild family) went bankrupt, which ultimately would contribute to Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany. 
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14 May 1931 WW2 At the town of Adalen, Sweden military troops brought in to protect strike-breakers at a timber and pulp factory opened fire on the strikers and killed five. 
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15 May 1931 WW2 Vice Admiral Shunzo Mito was named the Chief of Staff of the Mako naval port at Pescadores islands, Taiwan. 
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19 May 1931 WW2 The German pocket battleship Deutschland was launched at Kiel, Germany. 
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26 May 1931 WW2 US Navy issued an order for Consolidated Aircraft to build the prototype aircraft Model 22 Ranger XP2Y-1. 
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29 May 1931 WW2 Harry Dimoline was promoted to the rank of major. 
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31 May 1931 WW2 Cruiser Köln conducted training operation in the Baltic Sea. 
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01 Jun 1931 WW2 During this month cruiser Köln traveled to Norway and conducted operations in the North Sea, Jutland, and the Baltic Sea. 
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05 Jun 1931 WW2 The Do X aircraft arrived in the Cape Verde islands. 
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06 Jun 1931 WW2 Lorraine's refitting was completed. 
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09 Jun 1931 WW2 HMS Hermes participated in the rescue of survivors of HMS Poseidon in the Yellow Sea north of Shandong Province, China; the submarine had collided with Chinese merchant vessel Yuta while on exercise. 
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25 Jun 1931 WW2 The keel of Admiral Scheer was laid down by Reichsmarinewerft in Wilhelmshaven, Germany. 
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28 Jun 1931 WW2 The keel of light cruiser Pinghai was laid down at the Jiangnan Arsenal in Shanghai, China with Chinese Secretary of the Navy Chen Shaokuan in attendence. 
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29 Jun 1931 RELIGIOUS The Unevangelized Fields Mission was founded, in England. UFM missionaries today work primarily in Latin America, Europe and Africa, as well as in Haiti and Indonesia.
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30 Jun 1931 WW2 Arthur Greiser joined the SS organization of the Nazi Party. 
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01 Jul 1931 WW2 Chinese and Korean farmers engaged in a petty dispute over land boundaries at the village of Wanpaoshan in Jilin Province, China. As it escalated, Chinese farmers attacked the Koreans with farm tools and pikes. In response, Japanese consular policemen who had been protecting the Koreans fired their rifles over the heads of the Chinese, forcing the Chinese to back down. Although the incident was minor, it gave the Japanese Kwantung Army an excuse to draw up a plan to invade and occupy northeastern China, ostensibly to protect Japanese nationals. 
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07 Jul 1931 WW2 US Navy issued an order from Consolidated Aircraft for 23 P2Y-3 aircraft. 
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16 Jul 1931 RELIGIOUS Death of C. T. Studd, 69, pioneer English missionary. He was one of the 'CambridgeSeven,' and worked on the mission field in China, India and Central Africa.
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23 Jul 1931 WW2 Song Ziwen survived an assassination attempt at the Shanghai North Railway Station in Shanghai, China. 
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29 Jul 1931 WW2 Tatsuta Maru arrived at San Francisco, California, United States. 
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01 Aug 1931 WW2 Shigeru Honjo was named the commanding officer of the Japanese Kwantung Army in northeastern China. 
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01 Aug 1931 WW2 Lieutenant General Saburo Hayashi was named the commanding officer of the Taiwan Army. 
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01 Aug 1931 WW2 USS Arizona departed Norfolk, Virginia, United States for San Pedro, California, United States. 
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05 Aug 1931 WW2 The Do X aircraft departed Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 
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08 Aug 1931 WW2 Workers go on strike at the Hoover Dam in the United States. 
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15 Aug 1931 WW2 Foch was commissioned into service. 
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18 Aug 1931 WW2 The keel of Émile Bertin was laid down by Chantiers de Penhoët at Saint-Nazaire, France. 
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20 Aug 1931 WW2 Masafumi Arima was made the gunnery officer of Asama. 
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27 Aug 1931 WW2 The Do X aircaft arrived in New York, United States. 
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05 Sep 1931 WW2 HMS Hermes arrived at Hankou, Hubei Province, China. 
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08 Sep 1931 WW2 Kenkichi Ueda was awarded Order of the Sacred Treasure 1st Class. 
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13 Sep 1931 WW2 By gaining the UK's third consecutive win, Flight Lieutenant J. N. Boothman flying the Supermarine S6B secured the Schneider Trophy for the nation. He had flown the 350-kilometer course uncontested at an average speed of 340.08 miles per hour. 
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13 Sep 1931 RELIGIOUS Having recently suffered a nervous breakdown, Foursquare Gospel founder Aimee Semple McPherson, 40, entered an ill-fated marriage to David Hutton. (They divorced four years later.)
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15 Sep 1931 WW2 The Invergordon Mutiny, a mutiny by men of the British Atlantic Fleet in protest against threatened pay cuts, began. 
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15 Sep 1931 WW2 Josias was promoted to the rank of SS-Oberführer. 
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16 Sep 1931 WW2 The Invergordon Mutiny crisis passed when the British Admiralty promised to revise the proposed cuts. The mutiny caused such alarm on the exchange markets that the government was provoked into taking sterling off the gold standard. 
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18 Sep 1931 WW2 Japanese troops detonate a bomb on the rail line near Mukden, China. 
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19 Sep 1931 WW2 Japanese troops occupied Mukden, China. 
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20 Sep 1931 WW2 A run on the pound caused by panic in the London Stock Market led to the British national government abandoning the Gold Standard. 
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21 Sep 1931 WW2 China appealed to the League of Nations over the Japanese attacks in northeast China. The league dispatched a delegation headed by British Lord V. A. G. R. Bulwer-Lytton to China to investigate. 
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21 Sep 1931 WW2 The Japanese installed Colonel Kenji Doihara as the mayor of Mukden, Liaoning Province, China. 
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21 Sep 1931 WW2 Sun Du was assigned to the military staff of warlord Long Yun of Yunnan Province, China. 
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23 Sep 1931 WW2 Chinese Lieutenant General Xi Qia began talks with the Japanese occupation representatives in Mukden, China. 
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24 Sep 1931 WW2 Yuan Chin-hai was appointed the Chairman of the Committee for the Maintenance of Peace and Order for the newly renamed Fengtien Province in northeastern China (now Liaoning Province, China) as he negotiated with the Japanese. Meanwhile, Lieutenant General Xi Qia of neighboring Jilin Province continued his separate discussion with the Japanese. 
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26 Sep 1931 WW2 The Manchukuo National Airways was established in Fengtian Province, Manchukuo per orders of the Japanese Kwantung Army. 
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27 Sep 1931 WW2 In response to the Japanese aggression during the Mukden Incident, Governor Zhang Jinghui of Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China called for a conference with his lieutenants to plan a secession of the region from the Republic of China. 
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29 Sep 1931 WW2 The Soviet Union declared neutrality in the conflict between China and Japan in northeastern China (Manchuria). 
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30 Sep 1931 WW2 Lieutenant General Xi Qia, collaborating with the Japanese, announced that Jilin Province, China was now independent from the Republic of China and was under protection of the Japanese Army. 
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01 Oct 1931 WW2 Wilhelm Keitel was promoted to the rank of Oberst. 
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01 Oct 1931 WW2 Walther von Brauchitsch was promoted to the rank of Generalmajor. 
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01 Oct 1931 WW2 Marcel-Bruno Gensoul was made the chief of the 3rd Maritime Region, based at Toulon, France. 
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02 Oct 1931 WW2 Charles Lindbergh's Lockheed Sirius floatplane was flipped by strong current at Hankou, Hubei Province, China a it was being hoisted off of HMS Hermes. A boat from the carrier rescued Lindbergh and his wife. 
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05 Oct 1931 WW2 Yi Geon married Yoshiko Matsudaira in Tokyo, Japan. 
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06 Oct 1931 WW2 In Germany a Sondergerichte (Special Court without the usual safeguards in legal procedure) was setup to deal with the many cases of political violence. 
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08 Oct 1931 WW2 Leipzig was commissioned into service. 
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09 Oct 1931 WW2 Tenryu was ordered to patrol waters off the mouth of the Yangtze River in China as a part of Japanese 3rd Fleet. 
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10 Oct 1931 WW2 German President Paul von Hindenburg received Adolf Hitler for the first time; Hindenburg told his confidants that he was not impressed with Hitler. 
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10 Oct 1931 WW2 Light cruiser Ninghai was launched in Japan. 
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10 Oct 1931 WW2 Chuichi Nagumo was attached to the naval headquarters. 
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18 Oct 1931 RELIGIOUS English apologist C.S. Lewis wrote in a letter: 'The [Christian] "doctrines" are translations into our concepts and ideas of that which God has already expressed in language more adequate, namely the actual incarnation, crucifixion, and resurrection.'
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20 Oct 1931 WW2 Zara was commissioned into service. 
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26 Oct 1931 WW2 Prince Nagahisa was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers. 
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31 Oct 1931 WW2 Hiroaki Abe became the commanding officer of Japanese Navy Destroyer Division 1. 
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01 Nov 1931 WW2 DipL.-Ing Kurt Tank, Germany's most prolific and innovative aircraft designer, was appointed as chief of design and flight-testing at the obscure aircraft manufacturer Focke-Wulf. 
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02 Nov 1931 WW2 US Marine Corps Squadrons VS-15M and VS-14M embarked in the aircraft carriers USS Lexington and USS Saratoga respectively, the first US Marine squadrons to be assigned to carriers, as part of the organisation in Aircraft, Battle Force. They were to remain carrier-based until late 1934 giving US Marine Corps pilots necessary experience in a realm of naval aviation which, previously, had been largely denied to them. 
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02 Nov 1931 WW2 HMS Hermes departed Shanghai, China. 
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03 Nov 1931 WW2 HMS Hermes rescued 9 crewmen of Japanese merchant vessel Ryinjin Maru, which had run aground on the Tan Rocks on the coast of the Taiwan Strait. 
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04 Nov 1931 WW2 Chinese forces under General Ma Zhanshan of Heilongjiang Province attacked a group of Japanese troops at Nenjiang Bridge. Despite numerical advantage, Japanese artillery and light tanks drove off the Chinese attacks by inflicting heavy casualties. 
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07 Nov 1931 WW2 Mao Zedong proclaimed the Chinese Soviet Republic in China at Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, China. 
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07 Nov 1931 WW2 HMS Hermes arrived at Hong Kong. 
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12 Nov 1931 WW2 He Yingqin was made a member of the treasury committee. 
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12 Nov 1931 WW2 Renault convinced Maxime Weygand to allow Renault to compete in the competition for a light tank design for the French Army cavalry. 
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15 Nov 1931 WW2 Dietrich Bonhoeffer was ordained at the St. Matthew's Church in Berlin, Germany. 
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15 Nov 1931 WW2 Chinese General Ma Zhanshan of Heilongjiang Province rejected the Japanese ultimatum. 
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17 Nov 1931 WW2 Japanese troops attacked Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China. Chinese troops, out-gunned, attempted to hold defensive lines against Japanese artillery bombardment and cavalry charges. 
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18 Nov 1931 WW2 Chinese troops under General Ma Zhanshan withdrew from Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China. 
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19 Nov 1931 WW2 Chinese General Ma Zhanshan evacuated to Hailun, Heilongjiang Province, China, establishing new defensive positions at Hailun and Baiquan. 
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27 Nov 1931 WW2 Henry Arnold was made the commanding officer of March Field, California, United States. 
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30 Nov 1931 WW2 Xinjiang forces, with Soviet military equipment, defeated Uyghur rebel forces which had previously laid siege to Kumul. 
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01 Dec 1931 WW2 Lieutenant Commander Morishita was named the commanding officer of destroyer Yuzuki. 
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01 Dec 1931 WW2 Captain Koki Yamamoto was named the commanding officer of Naka. 
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01 Dec 1931 WW2 Admiral Kichisaburo Nomura was named the commanding officer of Yokosuka Naval District. 
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01 Dec 1931 WW2 An unknown officer assumed command of Nachi. 
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09 Dec 1931 WW2 Iwane Matsui was named a member of the Japanese delegation to the Geneva Disarmament Conference. 
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11 Dec 1931 WW2 The Statute of Westminster, passed by the British Parliament, provided the instrument by which the self-governing Dominions gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom. 
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13 Dec 1931 WW2 While visiting New York City in the United States, Winston Churchill was struck by a car as he crossed the street, having looked the wrong way as he crossed. He suffered injuries to the head but would recover fully. 
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14 Dec 1931 WW2 Douglas Bader suffered an accident at the Reading Aero Club in Reading, England, United Kingdom. His legs, severely injured, were amputated by surgeon J. Leonard Joyce. 
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15 Dec 1931 WW2 Lin Sen was appointed by the Nationalist Party to become the President of the Republic of China after the resignation of Chiang Kaishek. 
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15 Dec 1931 WW2 Chiang Kaishek stepped down from his positions as the Chairman of the Nationalist Government and the Premier of the Republic of China. 
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16 Dec 1931 WW2 Chen Mingshu was named the acting head of the Legislative Yuan of China. 
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16 Dec 1931 WW2 Zang Shiyi was named by the Japanese as the governor of Liaoning Province, China. 
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20 Dec 1931 WW2 The keel of Jean de Vienne was laid down by the Arsenal de Lorient in Lorient, France. 
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21 Dec 1931 WW2 Japanese Kwantung Army launched an offensive from Mukden toward Jinzhou in Liaoning Province, China. 
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23 Dec 1931 WW2 Gorizia was commissioned into service. 
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23 Dec 1931 WW2 The prototype GL-831 HY floatplane took its maiden flight. 
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23 Dec 1931 WW2 Prince Kotohito was named the Chief of the Japanese Army General Staff. 
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28 Dec 1931 WW2 Lin Sen stepped down as the head of the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China. 
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30 Dec 1931 WW2 He Yingqin stepped down as the deputy director of the Department of Training. 
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31 Dec 1931 WW2 Mineichi Koga was named the commanding officer of battleship Ise. 
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31 Dec 1931 WW2 Chen Mingshu was stepped down from his role as the acting head of the Legislative Yuan of China. 
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31 Dec 1931 WW2 Japanese troops reached the Taling River en route toward Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China. 
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