Science on the year of 1885 in history

Science

Date	Type	Text
30 Nov 1884 genus	science	genus (biology) The genus Plasmodium is described by Ettore Marchiafava and Angelo Celli.
30 Nov 1884 bacterium	science	bacterium (biology) The bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) is discovered by Theodor Escherich.
30 Nov 1884 Carl Auer von Welsbach	science	Carl Auer von Welsbach (chemistry) Carl Auer von Welsbach patents his first incandescent gas mantle.
30 Nov 1884 Eugene Goldstein	science	Eugene Goldstein (chemistry) Eugene Goldstein names the cathode ray, later discovered to be composed of electrons, and the canal ray, later discovered to be positive hydrogen ions that had been stripped of their electrons in a cathode ray tube. These would later be named protons.
30 Nov 1884 Eduard Suess	science	Eduard Suess (earth sciences) Eduard Suess begins publication in Vienna of his Das Antlitz der Erde setting out his theory of eustasy, the existence of the former supercontinent Gondwana, and his pioneering concepts in ecology.
30 Nov 1884 Georges Gilles de la Tourette	science	Georges Gilles de la Tourette (medicine) Georges Gilles de la Tourette publishes an account of nine patients with what will become known as Tourette syndrome.
30 Nov 1884 Johann Balmer	science	Johann Balmer (physics) Johann Balmer publishes an empirical mathematical formula for the visible spectral lines of the hydrogen atom.
30 Nov 1884 Hermann Ebbinghaus	science	Hermann Ebbinghaus (psychology) Hermann Ebbinghaus publishes Über das Gedächtnis ("On Memory", later translated as Memory: a Contribution to Experimental Psychology).
30 Nov 1884 Karl Benz	science	Karl Benz (technology) Karl Benz produces the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, regarded as the first automobile (patented and publicly launched the following January).
30 Nov 1884 John Kemp Starley	science	John Kemp Starley (technology) John Kemp Starley demonstrates the Rover safety bicycle, regarded as the first practical modern bicycle.
30 Nov 1884 gyrocompass	science	gyrocompass (technology) The first, not yet practical, form of gyrocompass is patented by Marinus Gerardus van den Bos.
30 Nov 1884 food mixer	science	food mixer (technology) Rufus Eastman patents the first known electric food mixer.
30 Nov 1884 Home Insurance Building	science	Home Insurance Building (technology) Completion of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper.
30 Nov 1884 Sway Tower	science	Sway Tower (technology) Completion of Sway Tower in Hampshire, England, designed by Andrew Peterson using concrete made with Portland cement. It remains the world's tallest non-reinforced concrete structure.
30 Nov 1884 Copley Medal	science	Copley Medal (awards) Copley Medal: Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
30 Nov 1884 Wollaston Medal	science	Wollaston Medal (awards) Wollaston Medal for Geology: George Busk
04 Jan 1885 appendectomy	science	appendectomy (medicine) The first successful appendectomy is performed by Dr. William W. Grant on Mary Gartside.
15 Jan 1885 Wilson Bentley	science	Wilson Bentley (meteorology) American photographer Wilson Bentley takes the first known photograph of a snowflake by attaching a view camera to a microscope.
24 Jan 1885 Marjory Stephenson	science	birth Marjory Stephenson Marjory Stephenson (died 1948), English biochemist
26 Jan 1885 Harry Ricardo	science	birth Harry Ricardo Harry Ricardo (died 1974), English mechanical engineer
14 Mar 1885 Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs	science	death Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs Died 14 Mar 1885 at age 65 (born 24 Mar 1819). German founder of experimental pathology whose emphasis on the teaching of physiology and medical biochemistry helped give clinical medicine a scientific foundation. He brought medical recognition of multiple sclerosis a step closer by elaborating on the clinical description of MS provided by Cruveilhier and identifying specific symptoms and key features of the illness. Frerichs' clinical account for the first time recognised remissions as a characteristic feature of MS. In addition, he made a major contribution by providing the first medical description of mental disorders in MS, recognising the possible impact of the disease on cognitive and other higher functions of the brain.
03 Apr 1885 Gottlieb Daimler	science	Gottlieb Daimler (technology) Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his single-cylinder water-cooled engine design.
29 May 1885 Shoe manufacturing machine	science	Shoe manufacturing machine In 1885, Jan Matzeliger gave a public demonstration in Lynn, Massachussets, of his newly-invented machine's ability to mass-produce shoes, and replace the tedious hand work previously required to attach the sole to the upper of a shoe. On this day, it is said he produced 75 pairs of women's shoes under factory conditions, many more than was possible by hand workers. His first patent on his shoe-lasting invention was issued on 20 Mar 1883 (U.S. No 274,207). With investors, his production model, was quickly adopted by and revolutionized the shoe industry.
02 Jun 1885 Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt	science	birth Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (died 1964), German neuropathologist
12 Jun 1885 Fleeming Jenkin	science	death Fleeming Jenkin Fleeming Jenkin (born 1833), English engineer
06 Jul 1885 Louis Pasteur	science	Louis Pasteur (medicine) Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux successfully test their rabies vaccine. The patient is Joseph Meister, a boy bitten by a rabid dog.
07 Jul 1885 Cartridge-loading machine	science	Cartridge-loading machine In 1885, G. Moore Peters of Xenia, OH, patented the cartridge-loading machine.
01 Aug 1885 George de Hevesy	science	birth George de Hevesy George de Hevesy (died 1966), Hungarian Nobel laureate in chemistry
10 Aug 1885 Electric streetcar	science	Electric streetcar In 1885, Leo Daft opened America's first commercially operated electric streetcar in Baltimore, Maryland.
15 Aug 1885 Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae	science	death Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae Died 15 Aug 1885 at age 64 (born 14 Mar 1821). Danish archaeologist, a principal founder of prehistoric archaeology. His Danmarks Oldtid oplyst ved Oldsager og Gravhøie (1843; The Primeval Antiquities of Denmark) was one of the most influential archaeological works of the 19th century.
20 Aug 1885 Ernst Hartwig	science	Ernst Hartwig (astronomy) Ernst Hartwig discovers S Andromedae, a supernova in the Andromeda galaxy, the first supernova discovered beyond the Milky Way.
23 Aug 1885 Sir Henry Tizard	science	birth Sir Henry Tizard Born 23 Aug 1885; died 9 Oct 1959 at age 74. English chemist, inventor and administrator. Around 1920, with David Pye, his work on aircraft fuels ultimately led to the octane rating system, which expresses the anti-knocking characteristics of the fuel. In the 1930-40's he advised the British government in the scientific aspects of air defence, particularly radar. He led a mission of leading British and Canadian scientists to the USA (29 Aug 1940) to brief official American representatives on devices under active development for war use and to enlist the support of American scientists. Thus began a close cooperation of Anglo-American scientists in such fields as aeronautics and rocketry. His influence probably made the difference between defeat or victory at the Battle of Britain in 1940.
30 Sep 1885 Tolbert Lanston	science	Tolbert Lanston (technology) Tolbert Lanston makes his first application for a United States patent on a typesetting system which includes the basic Monotype System keyboard.
07 Oct 1885 Niels Bohr	science	birth Niels Bohr Niels Bohr (died 1962), Danish physicist
13 Oct 1885 Georgia Institute of Technology	science	Georgia Institute of Technology (institutions) The Georgia Institute of Technology is established in Atlanta (United States) as the as the Georgia School of Technology to teach mechanical engineering.
14 Oct 1885 Pasteur's rabies vaccine	science	Pasteur's rabies vaccine In 1885, after 15-year-old Jean Baptiste Jupille was severely bitten while with his bare hands he killed an attacking rabid dog to protect five other young shepherds in Villers-Farley, France. He shortly became the second person treated by Louis Pasteur's experimental vaccine for rabies. He was fortunate to be taken to Pasteur's laboratory. Pasteur's collaborator Emile Roux had thought of attenuating the power of the infection by exposing strips of fresh spinal marrow taken from a rabbit that had died of rabies to dry, sterile air for various lengths of time. The vaccine was a small piece of marrow ground up and suspended in sterilized broth. It had first been used on Joseph Meister on 6 Jul 1885. By 12 Apr 1886, 726 people had been treated.
14 Oct 1885 Thomas Davidson	science	death Thomas Davidson Died 14 Oct 1885 at age 68 (born 17 May 1817). Scottish naturalist and paleontologist who became known as an authority on brachiopods, known as "lamp shells" because some varieties resemble a Roman oil lamp, a phylum of bottom-dwelling marine invertebrates (Brachiopoda). Some of these fossils are among the oldest found. His major work, Monograph of British Fossil Brachziopoda, was published by the Palaeontographical Society (1850-1886). Together with supplements, this comprised six quarto volumes with more than 200 plates drawn on stone by the author. Upon his death, he bequeathed his fine collection of recent and fossil brachiopoda to the British Museum.
23 Oct 1885 Jan Czochralski	science	birth Jan Czochralski Jan Czochralski (died 1953), Polish discoverer of the Czochralski process for growing crystals
26 Oct 1885 Niels Erik Nørlund	science	birth Niels Erik Nørlund Niels Erik Nørlund (died 1981), Danish mathematician
29 Oct 1885 Sidney R. Dight	science	birth Sidney R. Dight Born 29 Oct 1885; died 2 Jan 1948 at age 62. Rear Admiral Sidney Rupert Dight was an English navy officer and engineer who originated the petroleum smoke screens used to confuse the pilots of German bombers. They were rapidly developed and used for protection of industrial targets from aerial bombardment during WW II. During the war, the majority of high-output boilers designed by the Admiralty were equipped with the circulation augmentor he invented. His navy career began as an Engineer Sub. Lieutenant on 4 Jul 1905, and he served a few years at sea, some in WW I. During the war, he was appointed, though briefly, as Assistant Secretary of the Board of Invention and Research. By the 1930s he was the Commanding Officer of the Admiralty’s Fuel Experimental Station. During WW II, in early 1940, he was appointed Director of Development in the Petroleum Warfare Department (Local Defence Division).
29 Oct 1885 Alfred V. Kidder	science	birth Alfred V. Kidder Born 29 Oct 1885; died 11 Jun 1963 at age 77. Alfred Vincent Kidder was an American archaeologist who was the foremost American archaeologist of the southwestern U.S. and Middle America of his day and the force behind the first comprehensive, systematic approach to North American archaeology. His excavations included Pecos in New Mexico and the Maya in Guatemala. In spite of his great efforts and diligence he was criticized for his lack of integrated conclusions drawn from his numerous reports from the field without any synthesis and interpretation of that data. In his time, archeology was still considered as “gentlemanly adventure” with the goal of adding “artifacts”to museums. Kidder emphasized archeology's need for the scientific “eye” was the development of fact collecting techniques and clear definitions.
07 Nov 1885 Sabina Spielrein	science	birth Sabina Spielrein Sabina Spielrein (k. 1942), Russian psychoanalyst
09 Nov 1885 Hermann Weyl	science	birth Hermann Weyl Hermann Weyl (died 1955), German mathematician
15 Nov 1885 Sir Frederick Handley Page	science	birth Sir Frederick Handley Page Born 15 Nov 1885; died 21 Apr 1962 at age 76. British aircraft designer who built the Handley Page 0/400, the world's first twin-engine bomber for the Royal Flying Corps, one of the largest planes used in WW I, which carried out their first large-scale bombing raids on enemy military installations and submarine bases in Nov 1916. By 1918, he had produced a four-engine bomber that could attack the industrial zones of the Saar and the Ruhr in Germany. In 1930, he produced the first 40-seat civilian airliner, the Hercules. For WW II, Page returned to producing military aircraft, the most important being the Halifax bomber. The government purchased 7,000 of these planes. He was knighted for his contribution to the war effort. After the war Page designed the four-engine jet bomber, the Victor.
26 Nov 1885 Thomas Andrews	science	death Thomas Andrews Thomas Andrews (born 1813), Irish chemist
02 Dec 1885 George Minot	science	birth George Minot George Minot (died 1950), American Nobel laureate in physiology
22 Dec 1885 Roller coaster	science	Roller coaster In 1885, a U.S. patent for a gravity switchback railway was issued to La Marcus Adna Thompson of Coney Island, N.Y. (No. 332,762). In 1884, Thompson, the “Father of the Gravity Ride,” opened a 600-ft roller-coaster at Coney Island at 6-mph maximum. Its popularity enabled him to recoup his $1,600 investment in only three weeks. In this patent he described a railway on trestles with two parallel tracks undulating vertically. At the end of the first track, a switch automatically allowed the car to return on the second track. His design in an earlier patent (20 Jan 1885, No. 310,966) needed passengers to temporarily get out of the car at the end of the first track while assistants prepared it to return on the second track.)

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Science on the year of 1885 in history

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